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All Journal Avatara Historika Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHEs): Conference Series
Hanim, Fitriah
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Religion Arts Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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RESTRUKTURISASI PERBANKAN NASIONAL MASA REFORMASI Hanim, Fitriah
Avatara Vol 5, No 2 (2017): Vol 5 Nomer 2 (Juli 2017)
Publisher : Jur. Pendidikan Sejarah FIS UNESA

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Abstract

Krisis ekonomi yang terjadi di Indonesia pada tahun 1997/1998 menyebabkan kerugian di beberapa sektor, khususnya pada sektor perbankan. Bank Dagang Negara, Bank Bumi Daya, Bank Ekspor Impor dan Bank Pembangunan Indonesia merupakan bank yang dinilai tidak sehat dari segi keuangannya. Lemahnya permodalan bank dan kredit macet keempat bank menyebabkan keempat bank tersebut tidak dapat memenuhi kewajibannya kepada nasabah. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan restrukturisasi perbankan yang salah satunya adalah melalui program merger bank. Oktober 1998 keempat bank yaitu Bank Dagang Negara, Bank Bumi Daya, Bank Exim, dan Bapindo dimerger menjadi satu menjadi Bank Mandiri.Di dalam penelitian ini, hal yang menjadi perhatian peneliti adalah: 1. Bagaimana perbankan Indonesia sebelum restrukturisasi? 2.Bagaimana dampak program merger? Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan perbankan Indonesia sebelum restrukturisasi, dan menganalisis dampak program merger. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode pendekatan sejarah (historical approach), yang meliputi empat tahapan proses yakni heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi.Hasil dari penelitian yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori restrukturisasi perbankan yang digunakan untuk melihat perjalanan bank- bank sebelum dimerger, menunjukkan bahwa permodalan keempat bank yang pada tahun 1998 tumbuh negatif di bawah ketentuan permodalan yang ditetapkan BI sebesar 4%. BDN CARnya sebesar -79,30%, BBD CARnya sebesar -39,57%, Bank Exim CARnya sebesar -144,91%, dan Bapindo Carnya sebesar -30,44%. Serta rasio likuiditas (LDR) keempat bank pada tahun 1998 semuanya berada di atas 110%, mencerminkan bahwa Dana Pihak Ketiga (DPK) yang dihimpun bank lebih kecil daripada kredit yang disalurkan, sehingga bank menggunakan dana antar bank untuk membiayai kreditnya.Setelah di merger Bank Mandiri melakukan PHK terhadap 26.000 pegawai menjadi 8.980 pegawai. Sehingga membawa kerugian bagi para pegawai keempat bank yang mendapatkan PHK sebelum waktunya. Selain dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan dari merger Bank Mandiri juga mencetak kinerja yang baik di perbankan Asia. Pada tahun 2000 Bank Mandiri memperoleh posisi tertinggi dengan menduduki peringkat 73. Peringkat tersebut merupakan peringkat tertinggi yang dicapai oleh perbankan Indonesia.Kata Kunci : Krisis Ekonomi, Kredit macet, Restrukturisasi
Environmental History For School Hanim, Fitriah
HISTORIKA Vol 23, No 1 (2020): Trend Kajian Pendidikan Sejarah
Publisher : Sebelas Maret University (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (354.207 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/historika.v23i1.41238

Abstract

The history lessons that have existed in the school curriculum generally only discuss the development of the times, occupation, the struggle for independence, and social, political, economic and cultural changes (government). All of these factors discussed are about human life and human interests. Based on these problems, in the curriculum of history subjects especially at the high school level it is necessary to add environmental education using the Ecopedagogy approach that is expected from this, students can have ecological intelligence such as empathizing with all forms of life, anticipating undesirable natural conditions, reducing natural damage, protecting cleanliness, understanding how nature supports human life, and how the symbiosis of mutualism between humans and nature if humans are able to protect it. So that through history lessons in the context of environmental education using the ecopedagogy approach can reduce environmental damage, natural damage that goes on by nature does not get better but is increasingly damaged.
The Utilization Of Historical Materials Of The Dutch Age Of Oil Exploration In Cepu In Historical Study At Smk Migas Cepu Hanim, Fitriah; Djono, Djono; Susanto, Susanto
Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHEs): Conference Series Vol 3, No 2 (2020): Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHEs): Conference Series
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (328.776 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/shes.v3i2.46231

Abstract

History learning in Senior High Schools and Vocational High Schools is carried out almost the same, both obtaining mandatory history with the aim of studying the history of the nation. Meanwhile, studying history in Senior High Schools contains additional material for the history of specialization. The existence of differences in environment, meaning and purpose makes students less interested and meaningful in learning which results in history learning running less optimally. For this reason, this paper aims to make historical learning relevant to the learning field of Vocational Middle School students, one of which is by utilizing local material in areas close to the environment and even the vocational school. One of them is the use of local materials for the Cepu Oil and Gas Vocational Middle School students, namely the history of Dutch oil exploration in Cepu. This study uses a literature study research method, the authors use a humanistic approach to analyze the relevance of learning materials to the learning environment and the interests or vocational of students. The focus of this research is on discussing history learning in Vocational High Schools and the use of historical material on Dutch oil exploration in Cepu as a learning resource. So that studying history will be relevant and meaningful in accordance with the vocational.
Co-Authors Djono Djono Susanto Susanto