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All Journal Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences
Subekan, Achmat
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Religion Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences

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DEMOCRACY AND GROWTH NEXUS IN INDONESIA Iskandar, Azwar; Subekan, Achmat
Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Vol 20, No 2 (2019): JEP 2019
Publisher : Muhammadiyah University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/jep.v20i2.7581

Abstract

The objective of this study is to analyze the causality between democracy and economic growth in Indonesia for the period of 1995 to 2017. More specifically, this paper  also attends to investigate the existence of a long-run relationship between them. This study perform a multivariate cointegration test with political stability as a control variable and cross-check this long-run relationship with an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model approach to cointegration. This study also use the Granger causality test within a vector error correction model (VECM) framework and estimate three different models using a non-linear specification: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation, Fully Modified OLS (FM-OLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS). The results show cointegration among the variables specified in the model when political stability is taken into account. Indeed, for economic growth and democracy to move together in the long run, they need to be associated with political stability. The tests for Granger causality conducted show a long-run causality running from GDP and political stability to democracy. In other word, the economic growth and political stability Granger cause democracy. It is the economic performance that influences democracy and not the reverse. In short-run, there is neutrality causation between democracy and growth, democracy and political stability, growth and political stability. These results suggest that economic growth through strong institutions is a precondition for democratization.
Reviewing the Management of Third Party Rights Calculation of Employee by the Ministry of Finance Widodo, Rudy; Subekan, Achmat
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Vol 5, No 1 (2022): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute February
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v5i1.3931

Abstract

This study aims to investigate and investigate the efficiency and effectiveness of the Ministry of Finance's management of Employee Third Party Calculation (PFK) funds. This study is also aimed at obtaining alternative models for managing the Employee PFK fund in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of its management. This research is motivated by the times and changes in regulations in various ways. The method used in this research is a qualitative method which is expected to be able to answer the why and how of the research object. Data were obtained through literature studies, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and data documentation from related parties. The data obtained were cross-checked and triangulated so that their validity was well maintained. Furthermore, the data is processed by grouping it according to the formulation of the research problem. While the analysis is carried out through logical thinking by looking for the relationship between data and information in order to obtain the effectiveness and efficiency of the object of research. The results of the study indicate that the management of the Employee PFK fund by the Ministry of Finance is carried out effectively and efficiently according to the size of the current legislation. All employee PFK funds can be distributed in their entirety to the beneficiary parties. The Ministry of Finance also does not spend large funds to carry out its management when compared to the amount of PFK Employees managed. However, the current Employee PFK management model still saves an opportunity cost for the Ministry of Finance and an opportunity loss for the beneficiary party. In addition, the current management model does not encourage the independence of the beneficiary parties in managing PFK Employee funds and continues to depend on the Ministry of Finance.
Co-Authors Azwar, Azwar Widodo, Rudy