Adnyana, I Gusti Agung Ngurah Sugitha
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Efektivitas Suplementasi Zink Terhadap Lama Rawat Inap pada Pasien Pneumonia Anak: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Dewi, Ni Luh Putu Yunia; Mayangsari, Ayu Setyorini Mestika; Adnyana, I Gusti Agung Ngurah Sugitha
E-Jurnal Medika Udayana Vol 12 No 2 (2023): E-Jurnal Medika Udayana
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/MU.2023.V12.i02.P02

Abstract

Zinc supplementation was reported increasing pneumonia in child outcomes, which one is the length of hospital stay, but still controversial. This review will discuss about effectivity of zinc supplementation for the length of hospital stay in children hospitalized with pneumonia in forms systematic review. Searching was performed at CENTRAL, PubMed, and ProQuest for journal published from 2015 to 2020 which evaluate the effectivity of zinc supplementation for the length of hospital stay in children hospitalized with pneumonia. This review based on writing guidelines by Cochrane Textbook of Systematic Review. There are four studies relevant to this review. All studies are blinded study. A total of 1.359 children hospitalized with pneumonia, percentage of a male around 59%. A total of 680 participants received zinc supplementation as addition for standard antibiotics. Participants were 1 to 60 months of age. All studies measure baseline serum zinc levels. Two studies reported significant results, while two other study conversely. Effectivity of zinc supplementation has not been concluded yet. Based on critical appraisal, the author attends to agree with two studies that conduct in Asia, in which the populations were similar to Indonesia. In that study found zinc supplementation effective to decreases the length of hospital stay in children hospitalized with pneumonia. There is no fatal adverse effect of zinc supplementation was reported.
Prevalens dan Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Asma pada Anak Usia 13-14 Tahun di Daerah Rural Wanami Putri, Ni Made Wini Jayesthiwi; Mayangsari, Ayu Setyorini Mestika; Sidiartha, I Gusti Lanang; Adnyana, I Gusti Agung Ngurah Sugitha
E-Jurnal Medika Udayana Vol 11 No 3 (2022): E-Jurnal Medika Udayana
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/MU.2022.V11.i03.P08

Abstract

There are 300 million people in all aged have an asthma, or it reach 1-16% prevalent of asthma in children worldwide. The study of prevalence and risk related factors of asthma in rural daerah is still very limited nowadays. The design of this study is cross-sectional quantitative study, with epidemiology analytic design. This study was conducted in Junior High School 1 in Sukawati, Sukawati Village, Gianyar, Bali. There are 557 samples of children aged 13rd-14th. The samples were collected based on constitutional sampling method. This study used ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) electronic questionnaires. The aims of this study was to determine the relation between prevalence of asthma and its related factors dermatitis atopic, allergies rhinitis, states of nutrition, atopic diseases in family, passive smokers, and fast food consumption in rural daerah in Bali. Prevalence of asthma in Bali in this study is 7.5%. Based on the analysis, allergic rhinitis (RP= 2.09 IK95%= 1.1-3.72 p= 0.01), atopic dermatitis (RP=4.33 IK95%=2.34-8.02 p=0.0001), and atopic diseases in family (RP= 2.56 IK95%=1.42-4.63 p=0.001), had a significant difference result with the prevalence of asthma. Besides, obesity (RP=0.98 IK95%=0.48-2.0 p=0.96), passive smokers (RP=1.52 IK95%=0.84-2.74 p=0.16), and fast food consumption (RP=1.24 IK95%=0.65-2.35 p=0.51), did not have any significant different result with the prevalence of asthma. Internal risk factors have a significant result towards the prevalence of asthma. Meanwhile, external risk factors need more exploration and research to know its effect on exacerbation and incident of asthma. Keyword: Asthma, ISAAC, Prevalence, Related Factors
Hair zinc level and autism spectrum disorder in children Windiani, I Gusti Ayu Trisna; Adnyana, I Gusti Agung Ngurah Sugitha; Pratiwi, Ni Luh Putu Sukma; Hapsari, Ida Ayu Nyoman Dian Permana
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 64 No 3 (2024): May 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi64.3.2024.227-32

Abstract

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. In children with ASD, the neurodevelopmental and behavioral disorders are characterized by impaired quality of interaction, communication, and social imagination, with limited interest and repetitive behavior. Various studies have found that the mean zinc level is lower in children with ASD than in children without ASD, especially in the low functioning autism. Objective To compare hair zinc level in children with and without ASD. Methods This case-control study included children with ASD and controls without ASD. Subjects were children under 5 years old who came to Prof I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital and Masadini Clinic in Denpasar. Hair zinc cut-off level was determined by the area under curve (AUC) based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results A total of 128 subjects consisted of 64 cases and 64 controls, with a mean age of 4 (SD 0.8) years. Most subjects were male (76%); 82.3% were well-nourished. The mean maternal age at delivery was 28.82 (SD 3.2) years. Subjects’ mean hair zinc level was 87.9 (SD 231.1) ?g/g. Bivariate analysis with Chi-square test revealed that children with hair zinc concentration of <33.88 ?g/g were 22.19 times more likely to have ASD than those with higher zinc levels (OR 22.19; 95%CI 8.02 to 42.09; P<0.001). Conclusion Low hair zinc level is more likely to occur in children with ASD than in children without ASD.
COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY PADA REMAJA DENGAN PERCOBAAN BUNUH DIRI SUWANDI, NYOMAN DEFRIYANA; ARDANI, I GUSTI AYU INDAH; ADNYANA, I GUSTI AGUNG NGURAH SUGITHA; WINDIANI, I GUSTI AYU TRISNA
HEALTHY : Jurnal Inovasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51878/healthy.v3i2.3153

Abstract

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a therapeutic approach that has been proven effective in treating various mental health problems, including suicide attempts in adolescents. The World Health Organization states that suicide is the second leading cause of death in the 15-29 year age group. In adolescents with suicide attempts, CBT can be used to help identify negative thoughts that drive suicidal thoughts and develop healthier coping strategies. It is important to note that CBT is not the only solution, but can be combined with other interventions, such as family support, psychoeducational education, and group therapy. This is a qualitative study using a case study approach combining observational studies and biographical studies. A 15-year-old girl, domiciled in Denpasar, junior high school education, unmarried, unemployed. The patient was diagnosed with a Major Depressive Episode without Psychotic Symptoms complaining of sadness since 1 month ago and felt even sadder when she had to go home. The patient felt more sensitive and felt that no one loved and understood her condition. The stressors felt were getting worse since she was suspended from school for not paying school fees and was reprimanded for dating. There are thoughts of drinking bleach and suddenly thinking about drinking the liquid. The patient also feels a loss of interest and joy, gets tired easily, and has difficulty concentrating. The patient is a stubborn and unruly child. When corrected, the patient will get angry and run away from home. Children with more severe depressive symptoms are more likely to benefit from antidepressants. The patient needs to be given pharmacotherapy and non-pharmacotherapy. Pharmacotherapy in this case is fluoxetine 5 milligrams intraorally every 24 hours (morning). Non-pharmacotherapy can be given supportive psychotherapy, CBT, and psychoeducation. Conflict management is not only done to the patient but also to the patient's family. Family conflict and parenting patterns can be one of the factors that aggravate the patient's current condition. ABSTRAKTerapi Perilaku Kognitif (CBT) merupakan pendekatan terapeutik yang telah terbukti efektif dalam mengatasi berbagai masalah kesehatan mental, termasuk percobaan bunuh diri pada remaja. Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia mengungkapkan bunuh diri menjadi penyebab kematian terbanyak kedua pada kelompok usia 15-29 tahun. Pada remaja dengan percobaan bunuh diri, CBT dapat digunakan untuk membantu dalam identifikasi pemikiran negatif yang mendorong keinginan untuk bunuh diri serta mengembangkan strategi koping yang lebih sehat. Penting untuk dicatat bahwa CBT bukan menjadi solusi tunggal, namun dapat dikombinasikan dengan intervensi lain, seperti dukungan keluarga, pendidikan psikoedukatif, dan terapi kelompok. Merupakan penelitian kualitatif melalui pendekatan studi kasus menggabungkan antara studi observasi dan studi biografi. Seorang anak perempuan 15 Tahun, domisili Denpasar, Pendidikan SMP, belum menikah, belum bekerja. Pasien didiagnosa dengan Episode Depresif Berat tanpa Gejala Psikotik mengeluh sedih sejak 1 bulan yang lalu dan makin merasa sedih saat harus pulang ke rumah. Pasien merasa lebih sensitif serta merasa tidak ada yang menyayangi dan memahami kondisinya. Stressor yang dirasakan semakin memberat sejak mendapatkan skorsing dari sekolah karena belum membayar uang sekolah dan ditegur karena berpacaran. Terdapat pikiran terlintas untuk minum pemutih pakaian dan secara tiba-tiba berpikir untuk meminum cairan tersebut. Pasien juga merasa kehilangan minat dan kegembiraan, mudah lelah, dan sulit untuk konsentrasi. Pasien merupakan anak yang keras kepala dan sulit diatur. Bila dikoreksi, pasien akan marah dan kabur dari rumah. Anak-anak dengan gejala depresi yang lebih parah kemungkinan besar mendapatkan manfaat dari pemberian antidepresan. Pada pasien perlu untuk diberikan farmakoterapi dan nonfarmakoterapi. Farmakoterapi pada kasus ini berupa fluoxetine 5 miligram intraoral tiap 24 jam (pagi). Nonfarmakoterapi dapat diberikan psikoterapi supportif, CBT, serta psikoedukasi. Penanganan konflik tidak hanya dilakukan kepada pasien saja namun juga kepada keluarga pasien. Konflik keluarga dan pola asuh orang tua bisa menjadi salah satu factor yang memperberat kondisi pasien saat ini.