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Sukmawati Mawardi
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Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Kopyor Dwarf Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Miftahorrachman; Sukmawati Mawardi; Hengky Novarianto3
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 33 No 1 (2017): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (478.559 KB) | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v33i1.51

Abstract

Breeding programs of kopyor dwarf coconut require a population base with high genetic diversity especially for characters that relate to fruit production. The study aims to determine the appearance of three kopyor dwarf coconuts from Pati District and correlations among 13 characters of Kopyor Green Dwarf, Kopyor brown dwarf, and Kopyor Yellow Dwarf and to study twelve vegetative and generative characters which directly and indirectly affect the number of fruits. The study was conducted at The Paniki Experimental Garden, North Sulawesi, Indonesia from August 2015 to February 2016. The design used was randomized block design with three treatments and three replications. Observed thirteen characters including number of bunches (NB), number of fruit (NF), number of leaves (NL), number of leaflets (NLL), width of leaflets (WLL), length of the leafleats (LLL), length of petiole (LP), width of petiole (WP), thick of petiole (TP), length of rachis (LR), length of leaf (LL), height of stem (HS), and girth of stem (GS). Path analysis among morphological characters to number of fruits was worked out using the formula of Singh and Chaudary. Results of variance analysis showed Kopyor Green Dwarf and Kopyor Brown Dwarf significantly differed from Kopyor Yellow Dwarf. Results of simple correlation analysis found no correlation among twelve characters with number of fruits for the three kopyor dwarf coconut, but the results of the path analysis of characters NL (r=0.5627), NLL (r=0.5920), HS (r=0.4861), and GS (r=0.6123) for the Kopyor Green Dwarf; NB (r=0.4241), LP (r =0.6390) , WP (r = 0.8705), LR (r = 0.5235), and LL (r = 0.6257) for the Kopyor Brown Dwarf; and WLL (r = 0.8413), LLL (r = 0.5617), TP (r = 0.5864), LR (r =1.5795), and LL (r = 1.0228) for the Kopyor Yellow Dwarf directly affect the number of fruits. These characters can be used for basic selection in breeding of kopyor coconut.
Preliminary Investigation of The Potential of Coconut Sugar Production Using Dwarf Varieties Hengky Novarianto; Meity A. Tulalo; Sukmawati Mawardi
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 37 (2021): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v37i.444

Abstract

Coconut sugar is one of the high economic value products. The production of coconut sugar In Indonesia is about 300,000 tonnes/year. During the last few years, the supply of raw materials for the coconut sugar product has diminished due to stagnant production caused by the lack of coconut climbers collecting coconut sap. The scarcity of labor is caused by several factors, especially young tappers who are less interested in climbing tall coconut palms. To solve this problem, it is necessary to evaluate the potency of dwarf coconuts, with short trunk and fast fruiting. The objective of this study was the evaluation and selection of Dwarf coconut varieties that have high yield potential as a producer of sap and coconut sugar. The research was conducted in North Sulawesi Province by evaluating 9 Dwarf coconut varieties. The results of research on the production of coconut sap and sugar from 9 Dwarf coconut varieties with different plant ages, gave mixed results among coconut varieties. The length of tapping sap varied between 31.42 - 43.21 days/bunch, the volume of sap varied between 1.1 - 3.3 liters/tree/day, the pH of sap ranged between 6.49 - 7.86 and the Brix value varied between 14.01 - 17.64. The most important traits such as the sap yield and sugar production also varied from 14.54 to 18.95% among varieties, and between 0.16 to 0.42 kg/tree/day respectively. The Dwarf coconut varieties with the highest potential yield of sap and sugar are the Waingapu Red Dwarf (WRD), Salak Green Dwarf (SGD), and Nias Yellow Dwarf (NYD), with the potential sugar yield of 2.09 tons, 1.64 tons, and 1.56 tons/month/ha respectively. It is hoped that these Dwarf coconut varieties would be attractive for young tapers and could be introduced to farmers in several Provinces for tapping purposes for the production of coconut sugar.
Karakteristik dan Potensi Produksi Pati Varietas Sagu Bestari [Characteristics and Starch Production Potential of Sago Bestari Variety] Hengky Novarianto; Ismail Maskromo; Meity A Tulalo; Elsje T Tenda; Jeanette Kumaunang; Donata S. Pandin; Sukmawati Mawardi
Buletin Palma Vol 21, No 1 (2020): Juni 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v21n1.2020.29-37

Abstract

Sago development requires plant material as superior seedlings for rehabilitation and replanting. Until 2016 two superior sago varieties were released, namely Molat sago varieties from Maluku in 2011 and Selatpanjang Meranti sago varieties from the Meranti Islands Regency, Riau in 2013. Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau Province is one of the areas of natural sago growth, and producing sago starch . This district has the opportunity to develop sago palms as a potential and regional producer. In connection with that, a research has been conducted which aims to find out and obtain superior sago species from Indragiri Hilir Regency, from 2015 to 2017. The research method was conducted by observing the sago population with high yield potential. For the observation, 10 sample trees every year were selected in each location/village in Gaung Anak Serka District, Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau Province. Data observations were carried out on the morphological characteristics of sago and suckers, sago starch production potential, and proximate analysis. Observation data were analyzed for diversity, standard deviation and coefficient of variance. Morphological observations and production of Bestari sago starch obtained an average leaf length of 8.00 m, diameter of the diameter of bottom stem 47.37 cm, circumference of the bottom stem 148.52 cm, the number of leaf scars on the leaf-free stem 53.23 scars, the number leaves on the crown 16.98 strands, the distance of leaf scar 12.42 cm, the length of the petiole 231.00 cm, the width of the petiole 9.25 cm, the thickness of the petiole 3.93 cm, the length of the rachis 660.33 cm, the length of the leaflets 155.59 cm, leaflets width 9.39 cm, and dry starch yield 254.94 kg per palm. Proximate analysis results on Bestari sago starch obtained an average water content of 13.00%, ash content of 0.60%, fat content of 0.83%, protein content of 0.84%, crude fiber content of 0.29%, and carbohydrate content was 84.34%, with 350 calories, Vitamin C 0.96 mg/100 gr sago starch, and total sugar around 1.43%. Hoping that sago Bestari variety will become the suckers resources for sago development in Indragiri Hilir Region, Riau Province and other region of Indonesia. ABSTRAK Pengembangan sagu membutuhkan bahan tanaman sebagai bibit unggul untuk rehabilitasi dan penanaman kembali. Sampai tahun 2016 telah dilepas dua varietas sagu unggul, yaitu varietas sagu Molat asal Maluku tahun 2011 dan varietas sagu Selatpanjang Meranti asal Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti, Riau tahun 2013. Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Provinsi Riau adalah salah satu daerah pertumbuhan sagu alami dan penghasil pati sagu. Kabupaten ini memiliki peluang untuk dikembangkan tanaman sagu sebagai potensi dan penghasilan daerah. Sehubungan dengan itu, maka telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendapatkan jenis sagu unggul asal Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, sejak tahun 2015 sampai tahun 2017. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan observasi terhadap populasi sagu potensi hasil tinggi. Untuk pengamatan telah dipilih sebanyak 10 pohon contoh setiap tahun di setiap lokasi/Desa di Kecamatan Gaung Anak Serka, Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Provinsi Riau. Pengamatan data dilakukan terhadap karakteristik morfologi tanaman sagu dan anakan, potensi produksi pati sagu, dan analisis proksimat. Data pengamatan dianalisis keragaman, simpangan baku dan koefisien keragamannya. Hasil pengamatan morfologi dan produksi pati sagu Bestari diperoleh rata-rata panjang bebas daun 8,00 m, diameter batang bawah 47,37 cm, lingkar batang bawah 148,52 cm, jumlah bekas pelepah daun pada batang bebas daun 53,23 buah, jumlah daun pada mahkota 16,98 helai, jarak antar pelepah 12,42 cm, panjang pelepah 231,00 cm,lebar pelepah 9,25 cm, tebal pelepah 3,93 cm, panjang daun 660,33 cm, panjang anak daun 155,59 cm, lebar anak daun 9,39 cm, dan produksi pati kering 254,94 kg per pohon. Hasil analisis proksimat pada pati sagu Bestari diperoleh rata-rata kadar air 13,00%, kadar abu 0,60%, kadar lemak 0,83%, kadar protein 0,84%, kandungan serat kasar 0,29%, dan kadar karbohidrat adalah 84,34%, dengan 350 kalori, Vitamin C 0,96 mg/100 gr pati sagu, dan total gula sekitar 1,43%. Diharapkan varietas sagu Bestari menjadi sumber benih untuk pengembangan sagu di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Riau dan daerah Indonesia lainnya
Karakteristik dan Potensi Pengembangan Kelapa Dalam Bido [Characteristict and Potential for The Development of Bido Tall Coconut ] Meity Aneke Tulalo; Sukmawati Mawardi; Budi Santosa; Ismail Maskromo; Meldy Hosang; Hengky Novarianto
Buletin Palma Vol 20, No 1 (2019): Juni 2019
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (306.387 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v20n1.2019.11-18

Abstract

Coconut is a commodity that has an important role in the economy and culture. The various types of coconuts is significant capital in order to support coconut breeding program to obtain coconut varieties according to the needs of farmers and the market in general. North Maluku is one of the coconut center provinces in Indonesia. The research conducted from 2015 to 2017 in Bido Village, North Morotai District, Morotai Island Regency, North Maluku Province. The purpose of this study was to determine the origin of Bido coconut, as well as characterize and evaluate the morphological character, production, fruit components and fatty acid content and the potential development of Bido coconut. Bido coconut research method is done through direct observation. Data collected included the origin of varieties, morphological characters, production, fruit components and fatty acid content. The results showed that coconut Bido has copra yield potential about 4,36 tons/ha/year with main features including fast fruiting, high fruit production, large fruit size and slow growing height with a distance between leaves is + 3 cm. Fatty acid content is 64,50%, with the highest fatty acid content was 48,39% lauric acid. As a source of seeds, 113 PIT of Bido coconut have been selected, with potential to produce 120 nut/tree/year, or around 10.848 seeds that can be used for the development or rejuvenation of coconut plants covering an area of 54,24 ha/year. Rejuvenation and development of Bido tall coconut main plantations have been carried out to increase the potential of seed production and future use in industry. Fast fruit bearing, high production and slow growing stems possessed by Bido coconut have the potential to be a source of pollen in assembling fast-bearing coconut, high production and slow to high.ABSTRAKKelapa merupakan komoditas perkebunan yang mempunyai peranan penting dalam perekonomian maupun budaya.  Tersedianya beragam jenis kelapa merupakan modal yang sangat  berarti dalam mendukung program pemuliaan kelapa untuk mendapatkan varietas  kelapa sesuai kebutuhan petani maupun pasar pada umumnya.  Maluku Utara merupakan salah satu Provinsi sentra kelapa di Indonesia.  Penelitian dilakukan sejak tahun 2015 sampai dengan tahun 2017 di Desa Bido, Kecamatan Morotai Utara, Kabupaten Pulau Morotai, Provinsi Maluku Utara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui asal usul kelapa Bido, mengkarakterisasi dan mengevaluasi karakter morfologi, produksi, komponen buah dan kandungan asam lemak serta potensi pengembangan kelapa Bido. Metode penelitian dilakukan melalui observasi langsung. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi asal usul varietas, karakter morfologi, produksi, komponen buah dan kandungan asam lemak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kelapa Bido memiliki potensi hasil kopra 4,36 ton/ha/tahun dengan ciri karakter utama cepat berbuah, produksi buah tinggi, ukuran buah besar dan lambat bertambah tinggi dengan jarak antar bekas daun + 3 cm. Kadar asam lemak rantai medium 64,50% dengan kadar asam lemak tertinggi adalah  asam laurat  48,39%.  Sebagai sumber benih, telah diseleksi sebanyak 113 PIT kelapa Bido  yang memiliki potensi produksi buah sebanyak 120 butir/pohon/tahun, atau sekitar 10.848 butir benih yang dapat digunakan untuk pengembangan atau peremajaan tanaman kelapa seluas 54,24 ha/tahun. Perbanyakan dan pembangunan kebun induk kelapa Dalam Bido telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan potensi produksi benih maupun pemanfaatannya di bidang industri ke depan. Karakter cepat berbuah dan produksi tinggi serta karakter spesifik batang pendek/lambat tumbuh tinggi yang dimiliki kelapa Bido sangat potensial untuk dijadikan sumber polen dalam merakit kelapa cepat berbuah, produksi tinggi dan lambat menjadi tinggi.
Penampilan Bibit Kelapa Dalam Bido dan Hibrida Kelapa Genjah x Dalam Bido [Appearance Seed Bido Tall coconut and Hybrids Dwarf x Bido Tall Coconut] Budi Santosa; Sukmawati Mawardi; Meity Aneke Tulalo; Hengky Novarianto
Buletin Palma Vol 20, No 1 (2019): Juni 2019
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v20n1.2019.19-26

Abstract

Coconut seedlings are growing well with an important role in supporting the success of planting coconut in the field. The higher seed viability are growing well, the more the seed that grew into a coconut seedlings. This study aims to determine seed viability, growth and development of the Bido Tall coconut (DBO) seeds, Hybrid Dwarf x DBO and Khina-1. Coconut variety Bido Tall  is a coconut variety that was just released in 2017 originating from Bido village. This coconut has the advantage of large fruit, fast flowering, short stems,  and stalks slowly getting higher. The research was conducted at the Mapanget Experimental Garden, Indonesion  Palm Crops Research Institute from 2016 - 2018 using a single block method. The material used in this study is derived seed from coconut DBO, Hybrid Genjah x DBO, and Khina-1 coconut. The results showed that the viability seeds of Bido Tall coconut ranged from 73,15% - 88,10%, while the Hybrid Dwarf  x Bido Tall coconut 46,18% - 85,19%. Coconut seedlings do not all grow normally, there are some seeds were stunted (dwarf or a rosette), and the seeds are dead. Besides that, there are seeds that grow with two shoots (polyembriony) and dwarf. Characteristics of plant height, stem girth and leaves number of DB0 coconut are generally higher than Hybrid coconuts Dwarf x DBO and Khina-1. Hybrid Coconut GMW x DBO and GSK x DBO are the two best Hybrid coconut  that has characteristics of plant height, stem girth and leaves number close to or equal to the DBO coconut elders, which is more vigorous than other Hybrid coconuts included with the comparison Khina-1. Red Waingapu and Salak Dwarf coconuts are thought to be the best combining ability with DBO coconut.ABSTRAKBibit kelapa yang tumbuh baik mempunyai peranan penting dalam menunjang keberhasilan penanaman kelapa di lapangan. Semakin tinggi viabilitas benih yang tumbuh baik, semakin banyak benih yang tumbuh menjadi bibit kelapa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui viabilitas benih, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bibit kelapa Dalam Bido (DBO), Hibrida Genjah x DBO dan Khina-1. Varietas kelapa DBO adalah varietas kelapa yang baru dirilis tahun 2017 yang berasal dari Desa Bido. Kelapa ini memiliki keunggulan yaitu buahnya besar, cepat berbunga, batang pendek, batangnya lambat bertambah tinggi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Mapanget, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Palma dari tahun 2016 – 2018 dengan menggunakan metode blok tunggal. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah benih yang berasal dari kelapa DBO, Hibrida Genjah x DBO, dan Khina-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa viabilitas benih kelapa DBO berkisar 73,15% – 88,10%, sedangkan kelapa Hibrida Genjah x DBO 46,18% – 85,19%. Bibit kelapa tidak semuanya  tumbuh normal, terdapat beberapa bibit yang terhambat pertumbuhannya (kerdil atau roset), dan  bibit yang mati. Selain hal tersebut,  terdapat  benih yang tumbuh  dengan dua tunas (poliembrioni) dan kerdil. Karakter tinggi tanaman, lingkar batang dan jumlah daun kelapa DBO pada umunya lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelapa Hibrida Genjah x DBO dan Khina-1. Kelapa Hibrida Genjah merah Waingapu (GMW)  x DBO dan Genjah Salak (GSK) x DBO merupakan dua kelapa Hibrida terbaik yang memiliki karakater tinggi tanaman, lingkar batang dan jumlah daun mendekati atau sama dengan tetua kelapa DBO, dan lebih vigor dibandingkan kelapa Hibrida lainnya termasuk dengan pembanding Khina-1. Kelapa Genjah Merah Waingapu dan Genjah Salak diduga paling baik daya gabungnya dengan  kelapa DBO.
Co-Authors Budi Santosa Donata S. Pandin Elsje T Tenda Hengky Novarianto Hengky Novarianto Hengky Novarianto3 Ismail Maskromo Jeanette Kumaunang Meity A Tulalo Meity A. Tulalo Meity Aneke Tulalo Meity Aneke Tulalo Meldy Hosang Miftahorrachman