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Biologi Selenothrips rubrocinctus Giard (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) pada Tanaman Jarak Pagar Soesanthy, Funny; Maryana, Nina; Sartiami, Dewi; Karmawati, Elna
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 3 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n3.2012.p207-216

Abstract

Trips pita merah, Selenothrips rubrocinctus Giard (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), merupakan salah satu hama pada tanaman jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.). Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis biologi dan morfologi S. rubrocinctus pada tanaman jarak pagar. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Aromatik dan Laboratorium Departemen Proteksi Tanaman Institut Pertanian Bogor, pada bulan April 2008 sampai Mei 2009. Penelitian meliputi identifikasi Thysanoptera yang ditemukan di lapang, untuk meyakinkan bahwa trips yang ditemukan adalah S. rubrocinctus. Pengamatan biologi meliputi siklus hidup, waktu telur menetas, nisbah kelamin, dan uji partenogenetik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tipe perkembangan S. rubrocinctus merupakan peralihan antara paurometabolous dan holometabolous. Siklus hidup meliputi telur, nimfa (2 fase), pupa (prapupa dan pupa), dan imago. S. rubrocinctus hidup pada tanaman terutama pada daun. Lama perkembangan stadia pradewasa sekitar 18-25 hari, umur imago mencapai 14-15 hari.  Biology of Selenothrips Rubrocinctus Giard (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on JatrophaABSTRACT Red-banded thrips, Selenothrips rubrocinctus Giard (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is one of the pests on the plant of physics nut (Jatropha curcas L.). The study aims to analyze the biology and morphology S. rubrocinctus on jatropha plant. Research conducted in Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatics Plants Research Institute and Pest and Disease Laboratory, Bogor Agricultural Institut, on April 2008 until Mei 2009. The research include identification of Thysanoptera were found in the field, to make sure that thrips was found are S. rubrocinctus. Biological research include life cycles, time egg hatching, sex ratio, and parthenogenetics characteristics. Developmental type of S. rubrocinctus is transition between paurometabolous and holometabolous. Their life cycle consist of egg, nymph (2 phases), pupae (prapupae and pupae), and adult.  They spent the whole life on the plant, especially on the leaves.  Developmental time of immature stages were about 18-25 days, ages of adults reached 14-15 days.
PELUANG PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS DAN DAYA SAING LADA Opportunity For Increasing Productivity And Competitiveness Of Pepper Siswanto, Siswanto; Ardana, I Ketut; Karmawati, Elna
Perspektif Vol 19, No 2 (2020): Desember 2020
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/psp.v19n2.2020.149-160

Abstract

Pepper is a spice commodity that plays an important role in the Indonesian economy, and occupies the first position as an export commodity for the spice plant commodity. In the last few decades the volume and value of exports of pepper has decreased, so that Indonesia's position as the world's largest producer and exporter was shifted by Vietnam. In addition to a decrease in area, the national average productivity of pepper is still low (<1000 kg / ha / year) compared to other world pepper producing countries. Pepper cultivation technology innovation is needed to increase the productivity and competitiveness of Indonesian pepper in the world. Three main components that affect the increase in productivity and competitiveness of pepper, namely the use of seed technology, cultivation efficiency, and efficiency of pepper processing. Pepper seed technology includes the use of superior varieties and preparation of superior quality and healthy seeds. Until now, 10 high-yielding varieties have been produced with an average productivity of> 3.0 tonnes / ha and quality seed propagation technology, but the performance of seedlings has not been running well, due to limited information and adequate number of seeds. Pepper cultivation technology that is environmentally friendly and efficient starting from seed preparation, land, planting, maintenance, pruning, fertilization, pest control and harvesting has been produced. Likewise, more efficient yield processing technology using appropriate equipment and certain enzymes for soaking, threshing, stripping, drying and sorting has been produced. However, in the field there are still many farmers who have not applied them or are not consistent in fully applying existing technology so that the results obtained are not optimal. Therefore it is necessary to encourage efforts to develop and supervise the implementation of SOPs appropriately and consistently so that the productivity, quality and competitiveness of pepper can be improved.ABSTRAKLada merupakan komoditas rempah yang berperan penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia, dan menduduki posisi pertama sebagai komoditas ekspor komoditas tanaman rempah. Dalam beberapa dasawarsa terakhir volume dan nilai ekspor lada mengalami penurunan, sehingga posisi Indonesia sebagai produsen dan exportir terbesar dunia sempat tergeser oleh Vietnam.  Selain terjadinya penurunan luas areal, produktivitas rata-rata nasional lada tergolong masih rendah (<1000 kg/ha/th) dibandingkan negara produsen lada dunia lainnya. Inovasi teknologi budidaya lada sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan daya saing lada Indonesia di dunia. Tiga komponen utama yang berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan produktivitas dan daya saing lada, yaitu pemanfaatan teknologi perbenihan, efisiensi budidaya, dan efisiensi pengolahan lada. Teknologi perbenihan lada meliputi penggunaan varietas unggul dan penyiapan benih unggul bermutu dan sehat. Hingga saat ini telah dihasilkan 10 varietas unggul dengan produktivitas rata-rata > 3,0 t/ha serta teknologi perbanyakan benih bermutu, namun kinerja perbenihan belum berjalan baik, karena keterbatasan informasi dan jumlah benih bina. Teknologi budidaya lada yang ramah lingkungan dan efisien mulai dari persiapan benih, lahan, penanaman, pemeliharaan, pemangkasan, pemupukan, pengendalian hama penyakit hingga panen sudah dihasilkan. Teknologi pengolahan hasil yang lebih efisien menggunakan peralatan yang tepat guna dan pemanfaatan enzim tertentu untuk perendaman, perontokan, pengupasan, pengeringan dan sortasi telah dihasilkan. Namun di lapangan masih banyak ditemukan petani yang belum mengaplikasikannya atau tidak konsisten mengaplikasikan teknologi yang ada secara penuh sehingga hasil yang diperoleh kurang baik.  Oleh karena itu perlu didorong upaya pembinaan dan pengawasan terhadap penerapan SOP secara tepat dan konsisten agar produktivitas, mutu dan daya saing lada dapat ditingkatkan.
KINERJA TEKNIS DAN FINANSIAL BUDIDAYA LADA PERDU DI DAERAH PENGEMBANGAN BARU KABUPATEN BANYUMAS, JAWA TENGAH / TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF BUSHY-PEPPER CULTIVATION IN THE NEW DEVELOPMENT AREA AT BANYUMAS DISTRICT, CENTRAL JAVA Syakir, M; Ardana, I Ketut; Karmawati, Elna
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 24, No 1 (2018): Juni, 2018
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v24n1.2018.39-46

Abstract

Bushy-pepper is a modification of pepper farming technology without using the climbed pole. The research about bushy pepper had been carried out by many people but had not massively developed in pepper production center. The purpose of this research is to analyze the technical and financial performance of pepper cultivation in new development areas, conducted from September to November 2017 in Banyumas District, Central Java, by using survey method. Respondent was determined through snow-ball method and data collected using interview and plant observation. Technical performance analysis used cross-tabulation and descriptive interpretation, as the financial performance was analyzed using financial feasibility criteria such as NPV, B/C, and IRR. The research result showed that in Banyumas District bushy pepper was carried out using monoculture and polyculture cropping-pattern as intercrops under pine-forest. The two cropping pattern applicated denoted the good technical performance of vegetative and generative growth. In 2016/2017 there was endemy of pepper rot disease caused the low productivity during the last five years. The effect of high pepper price in the period 2012-2017 pushed the sale value of pepper, so the two cropping pattern of applicated produced feasible financial performance with positive NPV, B/C > 1, and IRR > 18%. Optimation of technical performance requires policy of handling of pepper rot disease and increasing application of cultivation technology, especially the use of healthy seed.Keywords: Bushy-pepper, cropping pattern, financial performance, technical performance AbstrakLada perdu merupakan hasil modifikasi teknologi budidaya lada yang tidak menggunakan tiang panjat. Penelitian tentang lada perdu sudah banyak dilakukan, namun demikian lada perdu belum diusahakan secara masif di daerah sentra produksi lada. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja teknis dan finansial budidaya lada perdu di daerah pengembangan baru, dilakukan pada bulan September sampai dengan November 2017 di Kabupaten Banyumas, Jawa Tengah, dengan menggunakan metode survei. Penentuan responden dengan metode bola salju dan pengumpulan data dengan teknik wawancara disertai observasi lapang. Analisis kinerja teknis menggunakan tabulasi silang dan diinterpretasi secara deskriptif, sedangkan kinerja finansial dianalisis dengan kriteria kelayakan finansial NPV, B/C, dan IRR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Kabupaten Banyumas lada perdu dibudidayakan dengan pola tanam monokultur dan pola tanam polikultur sebagai tanaman sela pada tegakan hutan pinus. Kedua pola tanam yang diterapkan menunjukkan kinerja teknis yang relatif baik pada pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif, namun mengalami serangan penyakit busuk pangkal batang pada tahun 2016/2017 menyebabkan produktivitas kumulatif selama lima tahun relatif rendah. Pengaruh harga lada yang relatif tinggi pada periode 2012-2017 mendongkrak nilai jual lada, sehingga kedua pola tanam yang diterapkan menghasilkan kinerja finansial yang layak berdasarkan kriteria NPV positif, B/C > 1, dan IRR > 18%. Pengoptimalan kinerja teknis memerlukan kebijakan penanganan penyakit busuk pangkal batang dan perbaikan penerapan teknologi budidaya, khususnya penggunaan benih yang sehat.Kata kunci: kinerja finansial, kinerja teknis, lada perdu, pola tanam