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PAIN MANAGEMENT IN THE CRITICAL ILL PATIENTS WITH MECHANICAL VENTILATOR: A Literature review -, Chanif
Jurnal Keperawatan Medikal Bedah Vol 1, No 1 (1): Jurnal Keperawatan Medikal Bedah
Publisher : Jurnal Keperawatan Medikal Bedah

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Pain is the most common experiences and stressors in the critically ill patients, because many sources of pain are present in critical care settings, such as acute illness, surgery, trauma, invasive equipment, nursing and medical interventions. Poor treatment of acute pain may lead to the development of serious complications which may seriously impact the patientâs functioning, quality of life, and well being. The critical nurse must understand the mechanisms, assessment, and appropriate intervention in managing pain. This study aim to describe pain experienced by critical ill patients, identify contributing factors of pain experience, the appropriate pain assessment tools among critically ill patients and critically analyze existing of evidence based interventions tomanage pain among critical ill patients with mechanical ventilator. The authors conducted a comprehensive systematic search of published literature, articles, journals related to pain management in critical ill patients. Pain in the critically ill patients difficult to assess and manage. There are many sources of pain in the critical care setting, and the effect of unrelieved pain have a significant impact on the patientâs recovery. When possible, the patientâs self-report of pain must be obtained. When the patientâs self-report is not available, behavioral indicators represent alternative measure of pain assessment (e.g., BPS, COPT) have been developed for assessment of pain in the critically ill mechanically ventilated population. Both pain management pharmacologic andnonpharmacologic can be used together in relieving pain. Using pharmacologic alone may not fully relieve all aspects of pain. Keyword: Pain management, critical patients, mechanical ventilator

EVIDENCE-BASED OF PAIN MANAGEMENT IN POSTOPERATIVE PATIENTS A CASE STUDY -, Chanif
Jurnal Keperawatan Medikal Bedah Vol 1, No 2 (2013): Jurnal Keperawatan Medikal Bedah
Publisher : Jurnal Keperawatan Medikal Bedah

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Pain is the main reason encountered by hospitalized patients in general and surgical patients in particular. Postoperative pain is caused by tissue damage as a consequence of the surgical procedure. Nurse has role to control and relieve of acute postoperative pain. This study aim to describe the level of acute postoperative pain and influencing factors among the surgical patients, and evaluate the outcomes of evidence based practice interventions in relieving acute postoperative pain. Four patients who underwent surgery, cooperative, able to communicate and follow up for at least three days were selected as a subject. The DDQ and NRS were used to collect the data. The findings showed that the pain score decreased after subject Â received Â pain Â management Â intervention Â both Â pharmacologic Â andÂ nonpharmacologic. Â Pain medication Â alone Â is Â not Â effective; Â theyÂ need Â non-pharmacologic Â approach Â as Â well. Â This Â study recommended both pain management pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic can be used together in relieving acute postoperative pain. To improve of knowledge, in clinical setting particularly in surgical ward, nurses have to try to apply the evidence based in managing pain.

Position of Fowler and Semi-fowler to Reduce of Shortness of Breath (Dyspnea) Level While Undergoing Nebulizer Therapy Chanif, Chanif; Prastika, Dewi
South East Asia Nursing Research Vol 1, No 1 (2019): Current Challenging Issues in Nursing Field
Publisher : University of Muhammadiyah Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26714/seanr.1.1.2019.14-19

Chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease that is caused due to an obstruction in a channel the airflow that much happening in Indonesia due to the high-risk factor exposure causes the onset of COPD as the habit of smoking and an unhealthy environment. Blockage in the airway that occurs in patients of COPD is usually characterized by shortness of breath. The various ways that can be done to overcome the shortness of breath are with nebulizer therapy. Nebulizer therapy action is undertaken in accordance with standard operating procedures (SPO) already determined, in the SPO mention the position at the time of the nebulizer therapy position fowler or semi fowler. This study aims to know the effectiveness of the grant the position of Fowler and semi fowler against the scale of the COPD patient shortness of breath while undergoing therapy nebulizer. Methode of this study is a quasy experiment in two groups using pre-test and post-test design. The study was conducted in General Hospital K.R.M. T Wongsonegoro Semarang with the total sample as many as 32 patients. The analysis using Mann Whitney with p-value 0.000 (p < 0.05) so that it can be concluded that there is a difference in the average scale of shortness of breath between fowler and semi fowler while undergoing group therapy nebulizer. The analysis showed that the position of semi fowler is more effective in lowering shortness of breath when compared to the position of fowler while undergoing therapy nebulizer. This study recommended giving the semi-fowler position to reduce dyspnea in COPD patients while undergoing Nebulizervtherapy.

Position of Fowler and Semi-fowler to Reduce of Shortness of Breath (Dyspnea) Level While Undergoing Nebulizer Therapy Chanif, Chanif; Prastika, Dewi
South East Asia Nursing Research Vol 1, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : University of Muhammadiyah Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26714/seanr.1.1.2019.14-19

Chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease that is caused due to an obstruction in a channel the airflow that much happening in Indonesia due to the high-risk factor exposure causes the onset of COPD as the habit of smoking and an unhealthy environment. Blockage in the airway that occurs in patients of COPD is usually characterized by shortness of breath. The various ways that can be done to overcome the shortness of breath are with nebulizer therapy. Nebulizer therapy action is undertaken in accordance with standard operating procedures (SPO) already determined, in the SPO mention the position at the time of the nebulizer therapy position fowler or semi fowler. This study aims to know the effectiveness of the grant the position of Fowler and semi fowler against the scale of the COPD patient shortness of breath while undergoing therapy nebulizer. Methode of this study is a quasy experiment in two groups using pre-test and post-test design. The study was conducted in General Hospital K.R.M. T Wongsonegoro Semarang with the total sample as many as 32 patients. The analysis using Mann Whitney with p-value 0.000 (p < 0.05) so that it can be concluded that there is a difference in the average scale of shortness of breath between fowler and semi fowler while undergoing group therapy nebulizer. The analysis showed that the position of semi fowler is more effective in lowering shortness of breath when compared to the position of fowler while undergoing therapy nebulizer. This study recommended giving the semi-fowler position to reduce dyspnea in COPD patients while undergoing Nebulizervtherapy.

PAIN MANAGEMENT IN THE CRITICAL ILL PATIENTS WITH MECHANICAL VENTILATOR: A Case Study Chanif, -
PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL & INTERNASIONAL 2013: PROSIDING KONFERENSI NASIONAL PPNI JAWA TENGAH
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

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Pain is the most common experiences and stressors in the critically ill patients, because many sourcesÂ of pain are present in critical care settings, such as acute illness, surgery, trauma, invasive equipment, nursing and medical interventions. Poor treatment of acute pain may lead to the development of serious complications which may seriously impact the patientâ€™s functioning, quality of life, and well being. The critical nurse must understand the mechanisms, assessment, and appropriate intervention in managing pain. This study aim to describe pain experience in critical ill patients with mechanical ventilator, identify the influencing factor for pain among critically ill patients with mechanical ventilator and evaluate the outcomes of evidence based interventions to reduce pain level among critically ill patient with mechanical ventilator. The author useddescriptive study for critical patients who administered mechanical ventilator and associated with a significant degree of pain. They were hospitalized in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) and/or Surgical Respiratory Care Unit (SRCU). Moreover, selection criteria in this study include male or female patients who get mechanical ventilator, have either medical or surgical intervention and administered by using morphineinjection 10 mg/ml sig 3 mg or fentanyl injection sig 30 mcg IV q 3 hr IV as primary pain medication. UsedÂ both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic painÂ management, theÂ pain score decreased after intervention. Both pain management pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic can be used together in relieving pain. Usingpharmacologic alone may not fully relieve all aspects of pain. Keyword: Pain management, critical patients, mechanical ventilator

Does Foot Massage Relieve Acute Postoperative Pain? A Literature Review Chanif, Chanif; Petpichetchian, Wongchan; Chongchareon, Wimonrat
Nurse Media Journal of Nursing Vol 3, No 1 (2013): (JUNE 2013)
Publisher : Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the current state of knowledge regarding foot massageto determine if foot massage has an effect on relieving acute postoperative pain.Method: The following questions were used to guide this review: How does pain occur?What is the pain management modalities used in relieving acute postoperative pain? Does footmassage relieve acute postoperative pain? A comprehensive systematic search of publishedliterature and journal articles from Science Direct, CINAHL, PubMed, ProQuest and fromrelevant textbooks was conducted. The universal case entry website, Google-scholar was usedas well. The following keywords were used: foot massage, pain management, andpostoperative pain. Eight studies on foot massage and more than thirty related articles werereviewed.Result: Postoperative pain is caused by tissue damage that induces release of chemicalmediators from the surgical wound. The four processes of pain are transduction, transmission,perception and modulation. Pain medication is the goal standard for acute postoperative painrelief. In addition, foot massage is a modality that can be used in relieving acute postoperativepain. Massage stimulates large nerve fibers and dermatome layers which contain tactile andpressure receptors. The receptors subsequently transmit the nerve impulse to the centralnervous system. The gate control system in the dorsal horn is activated through the inhibitoryinterneuron, thus closing the gate. Subsequently, the brain does not receive the pain message.Eight reviewed studies demonstrated that foot massage relieves acute postoperative pain.However, there were some methodological limitations of these studies.Conclusion: It is recommended to examine the effect of foot massage on acute postoperativepain with high homogenous samples using various duration of massage and range of time forpain measurement at different settings.Key words: foot massage, pain management and postoperative pain.

Acute Postoperative Pain of Indonesian Patients after Abdominal Surgery Chanif, Chanif; Petpichetchian, Wongchan; Wimo, Wimo
Nurse Media Journal of Nursing Vol 2, No 2 (2012): (DECEMBER 2012)
Publisher : Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Background: Pain is the most common problem found in postoperative patients.Purpose: The study aimed to describe pain intensity and pain distress at the first 24-48 hours experienced by the patients after abdominal surgery.Method: The study employed a descriptive research design. The samples consisted of 40 adult patients older than 18 years who underwent major abdominal surgery under general anesthesia. The patients were admitted at Doctor Kariadi Hospital Semarang, Central Java Province Indonesia during November 2011 to February 2012. A Visual Numeric Rating Scale was used to measure the pain intensity scores and the pain distress scores at the 5th hour after subjects received 30 mg of Ketorolac injection intravenously, a major analgesic drug being used at the studied hospital. Minimum-maximum scores, mean, standard deviation, median and interquartile range were used to describe pain intensity and pain distress.Result: The findings revealed that on average, postoperative patients had experienced moderate to severe pain, both in their report of pain intensity and pain distress as evidenced by the range of scores from 4 to 9 out of 10 and median score of 5 and 6 (IQR = 2), respectively. It indicated that postoperative pain was common symptom found in patients after abdominal surgery.Keywords: pain intensity, pain distress, abdominal surgery.

Kangaroo Method Treatment Increases Baby's Body Temperature With Low Birth Weight Kurniasih, Fenny Dwi; Nugroho, Heryanto Adi; Chanif, Chanif
South East Asia Nursing Research Vol 2, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : University of Muhammadiyah Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26714/seanr.2.4.2020.48-53

Birth weight is less than 2500 grams which contribute to infant mortality especially during the perinatal period, one of the interventions that can be done with kangaroo method, this method can make the baby's body temperature stable because the baby who is in the care of the kangaroo method will feel like it exists in the uterus of the mother, in addition to the treatment of kangaroo methods aimed at helping to accelerate the process of increasing the baby's body temperature as well as being able to stabilize the body temperature in babies who experience low birth weight. The design of the study used is a descriptive method with a case study approach of nursing care using a pre and post-test design conducted on 2 respondents. Before being given the kangaroo method 1 respondent and respondent 2 experienced low weight measured using observation sheet for 3 days while after being given kangaroo method respondent 1 and respondent 2 experienced weight gain measured using observation sheet for 3 days characterized by normal weight. Kangaroo treatment therapy method can increase body temperature in babies with low birth weight in the perinatology room of K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Hospital Semarang.

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