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Progress and challenges in finding a cure for asthma Febriana, Gabriella Gita; de Vries, Victor Christoff
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 41, No 7 (2014): Kardiologi
Publisher : PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (357.546 KB) | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v41i7.1123

Abstract

Asthma is an obstructive inflammatory disease of the airways. The number of people affected is still rising and is becoming a global health problem. The main features of asthma are chronic Th2-biased inflammation and the production of allergen specific IgE antibodies. The mast cell and eosinophilic infiltration together with the persistent secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines causes tissue damage resulting in remodeling of the airways. This results in exacerbated bronchial contractility, sub-epithelial fibrosis and goblet cell hyperplasia. Therefore, asthma is a complex disease with two main pathological characteristics. Several treatments are available on the market targeting the inflammatory component of the disease, such as corticosteroids. However, once treatment stops the hyperactivated structural cells keep secreting inflammatory mediators thereby recruiting the immune cells to the lung again. As such, current treatment regiments are suppressing the symptoms but will not result in a cure for asthma. Therefore, targeting both tissue remodeling and inflammation might prove to be a necessity in order to find a curative treatment for asthma. In this article we will discuss current therapies targeting inflammation and as well as some novel therapies focusing on lung remodeling in conjunction with inflammation.Asma adalah penyakit inflamasi yang mengganggu saluran pernapasan. Saat ini jumlah penderita asma makin meningkat dan hal ini telah menjadi isu kesehatan dunia. Gejala utama penyakit asma adalah inflamasi kronis sel Th2 yang bias serta produksi IgE yang merupakan antibodi yang mentarget allergen secara spesifik. Infiltrasi mast cell dan eosinophil bersama-sama dengan sekresi sitokin pro-inflamasi menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan yang pada akhirnya menyebabkan remodelling saluran pernapasan. Proses tersebut mengganggu kemampuan kontraksi bronchial, menyebabkan fibrosis sel sub-epitel dan hiperplasia sel goblet. Oleh karena itu, asma merupakan penyakit kompleks yang memiliki dua karakter patologi utama. Berbagai pengobatan telah tersedia di pasaran, salah satunya adalah kortikosteroid yang mentarget komponen inflamasi. Namun ketika proses pengobatan dihentikan, sel struktural yang sudah teraktivasi secara berlebihan akan terus mensekresi sitokin-sitokin yang berperan sebagai mediator inflamasi. Proses ini akan menyebabkan sel-sel imun masuk kembali ke dalam paru-paru. Pengobatan dengan cara tersebut hanya akan mengurangi gejala asma, namun tidak dapat menyembuhkan penyakit tersebut. Pengobatan yang ditujukan pada inflamasi dan remodelling jaringan secara bersamaan, diprediksi menjadi pilihan yang tepat untuk terapi asma di masa akan datang. Artikel ini membahas terapi yang telah dilakukan selama ini dan beberapa terapi baru yang menargetkan perubahan struktur paru-paru dan inflamasi secara bersamaan.
Drug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis Putri, Olivia; Salim, Megan Angelita; Gunawan, Aileen; Devin, Devin; Amaris, Ezrela; Alexander, David; Kevin, Gregorius; Febriana, Gabriella Gita
Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences 2023: IJLS Vol 05 No .01
Publisher : Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54250/ijls.v5i01.172

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by the pathogenic bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) still remains a highly prevalent disease, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Due to the bacteria’s atypical cell wall structure, ability to form granuloma, and capacity to switch between replicating and non-replicating states in the host lung parenchyma, the fundamental treatment of patients diagnosed with TB involves a 6-month long daily drug administration. With Indonesia ranking among the nations with the highest TB burden worldwide, there has been an alarming increase of drug-resistant MTb (DR-MTb) strains all over the country in recent years. However, there are currently limited studies available that highlight MTb resistance profiles across different regions within Indonesia. The major risk factors contributing to the emergence and spread of TB in Indonesia include health conditions, environmental conditions, and socioeconomic status. Furthermore, natural compounds and drug repurposing can be employed to combat the further spread of DR-MTb strains across the country, especially in rural regions.
Effects of SARS CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines on Graves' Disease Febriana, Gabriella Gita
Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences 2023: IJLS Vol 05 No .02
Publisher : Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54250/ijls.v5i02.180

Abstract

The development of SARS CoV-2 mRNA vaccines has been claimed as a breakthrough in the medical research field. Moreover, these vaccines have been proven to reduce SARS CoV-2 transmission. However, the administration of these vaccines also found to interfere with thyroid functions in some individuals, which include newly onset Graves’ disease in immunocompromised people and worsening condition in Graves’ disease patients. This article reviews cases on Graves’ disease following the administration of first and second dose of SARS CoV-2 mRNA vaccines between the year 2021 and 2022. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms of Graves’ disease development following mRNA vaccines administration are being discussed in this review article.