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All Journal Sriwijaya Law Review Jurnal Simbur Cahaya
Usmawadi Usmawadi
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sriwijaya
Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Pengaturan Hak Transit Negara Daratan Dalam Hukum Internasional Usmawadi Usmawadi
Simbur Cahaya VOLUME 24 NOMOR 1, JANUARI 2017
Publisher : Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (312.922 KB) | DOI: 10.28946/sc.v24i1 Jan 2017.46

Abstract

Di dunia adalah sekitar 44 negara daratan yang sebagian besar negara-negara daratan masuk kategori “Landlocked Developing Countries/LLDCs”. Negara-negara daratan ini tidak memiliki akses ke dan dari laut, tetapi harus melalui wilayah negara transit. Berdasarkan temuan,  suatu negara daratan menikmati hak transit melalui wilayah negara transit dari dan ke kawasan laut. Hak transit negara daratan diatur dalam UNCLOS 1982 dan Konvensi New York 1965. Sebelumnya, hak negara daratan diatur dalam Statuta Barcelona 1921, GATT 1948 dan Konvensi Jenewa 1958. Perjanjian-perjanjian ini masih bersifat global, maka diperlukan pengaturan secara detail dan teknis dalam perjanjian bilateral, sub-regional dan regional antara negara-negara terkait. Oleh sebab itu, antara negara daratan dengan negara tranit, perlu menindaklanjuti dalam perjanjian bilateral, sub-regional berkenaan dengan:bea-cukai, pajak atau pungutan-pungutan;zona bebas atau kemudahan bea cukai lainnya di pelabuhan negara di negara transit; serta pembangun dan perbaikan alat pengangkutan. Dalam pada itu, masyarakat internasional perlu memperhatikan kepentingan dari negara daratan-negara daratan yang masuk kategori sedang berkembang.
Implementation of the UNCLOS 1982 in Utilization of Highly Migratory Species By Indonesia Usmawadi Usmawadi
Sriwijaya Law Review VOLUME 4 ISSUE 1, JANUARY 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Sriwijaya University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28946/slrev.Vol4.Iss2.119.pp124-135

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the producers of tuna and tuna species (tuna, skipjack, and mackerel tuna), which are increasing every year. Its geographical location and area of its many Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) bordering many neighboring countries, requires Indonesia to implement the CLS 1982 provisions on far-migratory fish. In this connection, Indonesia implements two forms. Firstly, in the form of legislation, which Indonesia has issued about 17 regulations, starting from the level of the Law to the Ministerial Regulation. Secondly, Indonesia has been active as a member of regional fisheries organizations whose territory borders on the Indonesian EEZ. Consequently, from the issuance of this Ministerial Regulation, Indonesia must carry out fisheries monitoring on board, to meet the higher quality data needs. So that Indonesia is faced with carrying out monitoring on fishing vessels operating in the convention area of the RFMOs, namely the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission, the Commission for Southern Blue Fin Tuna Conservation, and the Central and Western Pacific Fisheries Commission. In order to optimize this implementation, Indonesia needs to prepare officials, facilities, and infrastructure that can support the compliance and enforcement of legislation that has been issued. Indonesia should immediately formulate fisheries policies in the high seas outside the Indonesian EEZ, which involve and benefit Indonesian fishermen.
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