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Fuzzy Logic based Edge Detection Method for Image Processing Abdulrahman Moffaq Alawad; Farah Diyana Abdul Rahman; Othman O. Khalifa; Norun Abdul Malek
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 8, No 3: June 2018
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Edge detection is the first step in image recognition systems in a digital image processing. An effective way to resolve many information from an image such depth, curves and its surface is by analyzing its edges, because that can elucidate these characteristic when color, texture, shade or light changes slightly. Thiscan lead to misconception image or vision as it based on faulty method. This work presentsa new fuzzy logic method with an implemention. The objective of this method is to improve the edge detection task. The results are comparable to similar techniques in particular for medical images because it does not take the uncertain part into its account.

Beam Steering using the Active Element Pattern of Antenna Array Norun Abdul Malek; Othman Omran Khalifa; Zuhairiah Zainal Abidin; Sarah Yasmin Mohamad; Nur Aqilah Abdul Rahman
TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) Vol 16, No 4: August 2018
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/telkomnika.v16i4.9040

An antenna array is a set of a combination of two or more antennas in order to achieve improved performance over a single antenna. This paper investigates the beam steering technique using the active element pattern of dipole antenna array. The radiation pattern of the array can be obtain by using the active element pattern method multiplies with the array factor. The active element pattern is crucial as the mutual coupling effect is considered, and it will lead to an accurate radiation pattern, especially in determining direction of arrival (DoA) of a signal. A conventional method such as the pattern multiplication method ignores the coupling effect which is essential especially for closely spaced antenna arrays. The comparison between both techniques has been performed for better performance. It is observed that the active element pattern influenced the radiation pattern of antenna arrays, especially at the side lobe level. Then, the beam of the 3x3 dipole antenna array has been steered to an angle of 60° using three techniques; Uniform, Chebyshev and Binomial distribution. All of these are accomplished using CST and Matlab software.

Design and comparison of printed antennas using meander line technique Nur Hamizah Muhamad Mokhtar; Norun Abdul Malek; Ahmad Zamani Jusoh; Khamis Ali; Farah Nadia Mohd Isa; Farah Diyana Abdul Rahman
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

The interest for compact antennas in wireless communication increase due to the portability and mobility of the communication devices. Generally, an antenna at low frequency exhibits in large physical size. This project investigates the design of an antenna at 400 MHz. The simulation of the antenna has been performed using CST MWS. Since medical applications are dealing with low frequency, it will lead to large size of antenna which brings a challenge for wireless personal area network (WPAN). It is well known that the antenna performance decreases (according to Chu’s equation) as the size of antenna decreases. Therefore, antenna miniaturization using Meander Line (ML) will be taking place to overcome the challenges. Thus, this paper presents a comparison between i) printed dipole antenna without meander line technique, ii) printed dipole with meander line technique and iii) printed monopole antenna with meander line technique. The results show that an estimation of reduction size by 50% can be achieved using Meander Line technique.

Design and optimize microstrip patch antenna array using the active element pattern technique Khamis Ali; Norun Abdul Malek; Ahmad Zamani Jusoh; Sarah Yasmin Mohamad; Zuhairiah Zainal Abidin; Ani Liza Asnawi
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Microstrip patch antennas are widely used in modern day communication devices due to their light weight, low cost and ease of fabrication. In this paper, we have designed and fabricated two Microstrip Patch Antennas (slotted-ring and truncated-slotted ring) and array at 2.4 GHz for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications using Computer Simulation Technology, CST. The antenna design consists of rectangular radiating patch on Rogers RT5880 substrate and is excited by using coaxial probe feeding technique. The truncated-slotted ring has been designed on top of the radiating patch to improve bandwidth. The simulation and measurement results of the both antennas are in close agreement with each other. Due to the good agreement of simulation and measurement results of truncated-slotted ring antenna in comparison with slotted-ring antenna, it has been selected for antenna array design. The simulated and measured S11 of truncated-slotted ring antenna shows -21dB and -15.6 dB at 2.4 GHz respectively. Then, the antenna has been formed into 1x4 array in order to observe its beamforming capability. The proposed antenna array is suitable for 802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi standard which is proposed to be used for IoT.

Design and comparison of printed antennas using meander line technique Nur Hamizah Muhamad Mokhtar; Norun Abdul Malek; Ahmad Zamani Jusoh; Khamis Ali; Farah Nadia Mohd Isa; Farah Diyana Abdul Rahman
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

The interest for compact antennas in wireless communication increase due to the portability and mobility of the communication devices. Generally, an antenna at low frequency exhibits in large physical size. This project investigates the design of an antenna at 400 MHz. The simulation of the antenna has been performed using CST MWS. Since medical applications are dealing with low frequency, it will lead to large size of antenna which brings a challenge for wireless personal area network (WPAN). It is well known that the antenna performance decreases (according to Chu’s equation) as the size of antenna decreases. Therefore, antenna miniaturization using Meander Line (ML) will be taking place to overcome the challenges. Thus, this paper presents a comparison between i) printed dipole antenna without meander line technique, ii) printed dipole with meander line technique and iii) printed monopole antenna with meander line technique. The results show that an estimation of reduction size by 50% can be achieved using Meander Line technique.

Design and optimize microstrip patch antenna array using the active element pattern technique Khamis Ali; Norun Abdul Malek; Ahmad Zamani Jusoh; Sarah Yasmin Mohamad; Zuhairiah Zainal Abidin; Ani Liza Asnawi
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Microstrip patch antennas are widely used in modern day communication devices due to their light weight, low cost and ease of fabrication. In this paper, we have designed and fabricated two Microstrip Patch Antennas (slotted-ring and truncated-slotted ring) and array at 2.4 GHz for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications using Computer Simulation Technology, CST. The antenna design consists of rectangular radiating patch on Rogers RT5880 substrate and is excited by using coaxial probe feeding technique. The truncated-slotted ring has been designed on top of the radiating patch to improve bandwidth. The simulation and measurement results of the both antennas are in close agreement with each other. Due to the good agreement of simulation and measurement results of truncated-slotted ring antenna in comparison with slotted-ring antenna, it has been selected for antenna array design. The simulated and measured S11 of truncated-slotted ring antenna shows -21dB and -15.6 dB at 2.4 GHz respectively. Then, the antenna has been formed into 1x4 array in order to observe its beamforming capability. The proposed antenna array is suitable for 802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi standard which is proposed to be used for IoT.

Design and comparison of printed antennas using meander line technique Nur Hamizah Muhamad Mokhtar; Norun Abdul Malek; Ahmad Zamani Jusoh; Khamis Ali; Farah Nadia Mohd Isa; Farah Diyana Abdul Rahman
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

The interest for compact antennas in wireless communication increase due to the portability and mobility of the communication devices. Generally, an antenna at low frequency exhibits in large physical size. This project investigates the design of an antenna at 400 MHz. The simulation of the antenna has been performed using CST MWS. Since medical applications are dealing with low frequency, it will lead to large size of antenna which brings a challenge for wireless personal area network (WPAN). It is well known that the antenna performance decreases (according to Chu’s equation) as the size of antenna decreases. Therefore, antenna miniaturization using Meander Line (ML) will be taking place to overcome the challenges. Thus, this paper presents a comparison between i) printed dipole antenna without meander line technique, ii) printed dipole with meander line technique and iii) printed monopole antenna with meander line technique. The results show that an estimation of reduction size by 50% can be achieved using Meander Line technique.

Design and optimize microstrip patch antenna array using the active element pattern technique Khamis Ali; Norun Abdul Malek; Ahmad Zamani Jusoh; Sarah Yasmin Mohamad; Zuhairiah Zainal Abidin; Ani Liza Asnawi
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Microstrip patch antennas are widely used in modern day communication devices due to their light weight, low cost and ease of fabrication. In this paper, we have designed and fabricated two Microstrip Patch Antennas (slotted-ring and truncated-slotted ring) and array at 2.4 GHz for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications using Computer Simulation Technology, CST. The antenna design consists of rectangular radiating patch on Rogers RT5880 substrate and is excited by using coaxial probe feeding technique. The truncated-slotted ring has been designed on top of the radiating patch to improve bandwidth. The simulation and measurement results of the both antennas are in close agreement with each other. Due to the good agreement of simulation and measurement results of truncated-slotted ring antenna in comparison with slotted-ring antenna, it has been selected for antenna array design. The simulated and measured S11 of truncated-slotted ring antenna shows -21dB and -15.6 dB at 2.4 GHz respectively. Then, the antenna has been formed into 1x4 array in order to observe its beamforming capability. The proposed antenna array is suitable for 802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi standard which is proposed to be used for IoT.

A Wideband mm-Wave Printed Dipole Antenna for 5G Applications Dewan Atiqur Rahman; Sarah Yasmin Mohamad; Norun Abdul Malek; Dewan Arifur Rahman; Siti Normi Zabri
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 10, No 3: June 2018
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i3.pp943-950

In this paper, a wideband millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) printed dipole antenna is proposed to be used for fifth generation (5G) communications. The single element antenna exhibits a 36 GHz bandwidth with more than 85.71% fractional bandwidth (for S11 <-10 dB) which covers six of the 5G candidate frequencies; 24 GHz, 25 GHz, 28 GHz, 32 GHz, 38 GHz and 40 GHz. The antenna also exhibits an average gain of 5.34 dB with a compact size of 7.35 x 5.85 mm2. The antenna is further designed to be an array with eight elements and manage to increase the gain of the antenna with an average of 12.63 dB, a fractional bandwidth of 81.48% and linearly-polarized radiation pattern.

Characterization of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene for 3D Printed Patch Antenna Norun Abdul Malek; Athirah Mohd Ramly; Atiah Sidek; Sarah Yasmin Mohamad
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 6, No 1: April 2017
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i1.pp116-123

3D printing is one of the additive manufacturing technology that has gain popularity for time saving and complex design. This technology increases a degree of flexibility for potential 3D RF applications such as wearable and conformal antennas. This paper demonstrates a circular patch antenna fabricated on 3D printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) filament. The main reason of using a 3D printer is that it is accurate, easy to fabricate of a complex geometry and the ability to create new antennas that cannot be made using conventional fabrication techniques. The ABS material has a tangent loss of 0.0051 and the relative permittivity is 2.74. The thickness of the substrate is 1.25 mm. The simulation has been performed using Computer Simulation Technology (CST). The return loss from simulation software is in good match with measurement which is 12.5dB at 2.44GHz. Hence, from the results obtained, the ABS could be used as a substrate for an antenna.

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