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Mandala Theory Of Arthaśāstra And Its Implementation Towards Indonesia's Geopolitics And Geostrategy Ni Kadek Surpi; Ni Nyoman Ayu Nikki Avalokitesvari; I Made Gami Sandi Untara
Jurnal Penelitian Agama Hindu Vol 4 No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Jayapangus Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (453.869 KB)

This article examines the Mandala Theory, which was formulated as a concept of national defense by Acarya Cakaya or Kautilya more than 2000 years ago. The Mandala theory has been used since ancient India. Various major kingdoms in Southeast Asia, including in the Nusantara, also use it even to be implemented in the defense system, embodied in their geopolitics and geostrategy. By some authors, Mandala Theory is still considered traditional and military heavy. But in fact, this theory is inseparable from other defense concepts such as diplomacy (The concept of Mantrashakti, Ṣāḍguṇya, and Cautr Upaya) which are the strength of a state. This qualitative study is using critical discourse analysis and Gadamer's hermeneutics. Mandala's theory as a defense concept in Chanakya's view was explored from several major theories in Arthaśāstra and its implementation in Indonesian geopolitics and geostrategy. However, the current defense needs to be adjusted, especially regarding the involvement of non-military elements, to build a strong state. Therefore, national defense theory should not only understood by state administrators. But also the intellectual cadre of state defense, and even all of its people.

An Analysis Of Brahmacārin Ethics In Manawa Dharmaçastra (Hindu Law Compendium) Puspo Renan Joyo; Ni Kadek Surpi
Jurnal Penelitian Agama Hindu Vol 5 No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Jayapangus Press

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap etika brahmacārin di dalam kitab Manawa Dharmaçastra. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research), dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Metode dalam penelitian adalah deskriptif, dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif interpretatif. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori Hermeneutika Hans-Georg Gadamer. Sumber data primer dalam penelitian ini adalah kitab Manawa Dharmaçastra. Berdasarkan kajian yang telah dilakukan, maka dapat diungkap etika brahmacārin dalam tinjauan kompendium hukum Hindu (kitab Manawa Dharmaçastra) sebagai berikut: kewajiban bhakti kepada tuhan dan ācārya; kewajiban berbusana bersih dan mengendalikan indria; kewajiban hidup sederhana; kewajiban mengabdi kepada ācārya; tidak duduk di tempat ācārya; kewajiban mengucapkan salam, penghormatan perkenalan diri; kewajiban menghormati perempuan; kewajiban mengendalikan panca indria; kewajiban berbhakti kepada leluhur dan dewata; berpantang: judi, gosip, bohong, menyakiti, onani/masturbasi, introvert dan seks; kewajiban tidur lebih malam, bangun lebih pagi, makan lebih sedikit dan berpakaian lebih sederhana dari ācārya; menjaga sikap duduk dan sopan santun; pantang menyebut nama guru tanpa gelar kehormatannya; kewajiban menguncarkan mantra suci di waktu subuh dan senja kala; dan kewajiban menghormati ācārya, ayah, ibu dan kakak.

Medhātithi Gautama Pendiri Ānvīkṣikī Par Excellence : Relevansinya dengan Bidang Baru Penelitian Filsafat Hindu di Indonesia Ni Kadek Surpi; Krisna S Yogiswari
Jurnal Penelitian Agama Hindu Vol 5 No 4 (2021)
Publisher : Jayapangus Press

Medhātithi Gautama is the Founder of Ānvīkṣikī par excellence. Gautama is believed to have written the Nyāya-Sūtra (Rules of Logic) in 550 BC, which are considered the earliest writings of the Indian system of logic. Ānvīkṣikī is the science of critical study, reasoning, and debate that has developed since ancient times in the building of Vedic knowledge. Ānvīkṣikī as a light of knowledge, support for dharma, and even as a means of liberation. Medhātithi Gautama has constructed Indian logic's structure, inherited and developed by later thinkers, with many written works. Today, Ānvīkṣikī's knowledge can be traced to the writings of Mahamahopadhyaya Satis Chandra Vidyabhusana (1920) and other writers, albeit in limited numbers. While in Indonesian, this article is a pioneer of Medhātithi Gautama's work and thoughts in Hindu logic. This article is a text study, using content analysis, providing new interpretations and meanings. The author integrates his text research style with new techniques in Hindu writing from Mīmāṃsā to Navya-Nyāya styles to obtain fresh and new perspectives and thoughts. This study shows that Ānvīkṣikī is a significant subject in Hindu philosophy and has the potential to become a new field of research in the realm of philosophy in Indonesia. The limited access to reading sources and research results in Indonesia seem to make the study of Hindu philosophy have not experienced much development in recent years. Therefore, efforts are needed to study classical texts and teachings so that they can be written and interpreted to be used as a basis for learning various sub-fields of philosophy. Besides, learning Ānvīkṣikī will strengthen reasoning power, critical thinking skills, debate, and discussion. This ability seems very important to be developed to strengthen the position of Hindu scholarship and build a group of Jñānī (scientists, thinkers, writers, One who pursues the path of jñāna, or knowledge) in the Hindu community.

The Thoughts On Divinity Philosophy Of Madhvācarya Jiraporn Chano; Ni Kadek Surpi
Vidyottama Sanatana: International Journal of Hindu Science and Religious Studies Vol 4, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Institut Hindu Dharma Negeri Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25078/ijhsrs.v4i2.1850

Mādhva's thought had a strong influence on Vaiṣṇava philosophy. Madhva enforces the Dvaita system that has significantly contributed to the study of Vedanta. The Aṇubhāṣya is his short treatise reflecting his interpretation of the Brahma Sūtra explaining his position of thought. In his primary doctrine of Divinity philosophy, he affirms the status of Brahman (the impersonal absolute), and the ātman (individual self) is dvaita (dual), and according to him that this is the position found in the Vedas. Direct examination of the written texts provides a holistic understanding of how Mādhva thought of Brahman ontology and reveals the mystical veil that he received direct guidance from Vyāsa, the author of the Brahma Sūtra and Vedas. This paper also provides an overview of Mādhva's philosophical and theological position of thought.

Konsep Monoteisme Dalam Ṛgveda (Kajian Konsep Ketuhanan Hindu Perspektif Vedic Hermeneutic) Ni Kadek Surpi
Vidya Darsan: Jurnal Mahasiswa Filsafat Hindu Vol 2, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Hindu Negeri Mpu Kuturan Singaraja

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55115/vidyadarsan.v2i1.892

The Hindu concept of divinity is a fascinating discussion and always provokes a long debate. As the pioneers of Vedic studies in the modern age, Western writers have instilled that Hinduism adheres to a polytheistic system. It is considered a retarded ancient religion compared to the concept of Smith's religions that uphold monotheism, which is regarded as more plausible in the realm of modern human thinking. The Ṛgveda is the oldest text in human civilization, which is authoritatively considered to be the primary and first source of Hindu knowledge, including the concept of divinity. With the Vedic Hermeneutic pattern, this article examines the concept of monotheism in Ṛgveda, which is different from the concept of Western monotheism. The Ṛgveda clearly states that readers of the Vedas are not confused by the many Deities' names in the Vedas who control various regions and functions in the cycle of the cosmos.

Metode Pembelajaran Filsafat Hindu: Studi Teks Filsafat India Klasik dan Proyeksinya pada Pembelajaran Filsafat Hindu Dewasa ini Ni Kadek Surpi; I Ketut Ardana
Jurnal Penelitian Agama Hindu Vol 6 No 4 (2022)
Publisher : Jayapangus Press

The method of learning philosophy is an important key in understanding the tree of knowledge of Indian philosophy. This method has been explored by sages and writers since classical times as an integral part of the discussion of darśana. However, this method does not seem to have been adopted in learning Hindu philosophy in Indonesia. This research is a text study that discusses the Hindu philosophy learning method described by Hindu philosophers and thinkers as a learning tool. Data obtained through literature study by examining several classical Indian philosophical texts, data analysis using Content Analysis. An important finding of this research is that the methodology of learning Hindu philosophy must begin by studying the three starting-points known as praṣṭana-trayā namely the upaniṣads, Bhagavad-gitā and the sūtra texts. Starting from the three starting-points of Vedānta (three starting-points of Vedānta) as praṣṭana-trayā namely upaniṣad, Bhagavad-gitā and Brahmā-Sūtra. In Vedanta it is called the triple cannon of Vedānta. Without following this procedure, failure will overshadow the students of philosophy. Therefore, learning praṣṭana-trayā is the starting point in an effort to understand the scientific tree of Hindu philosophy. These three starting points for learning philosophy should be adopted properly in order to improve thinking skills, reasoning skills, including improving writing, debate, argumentation and discussion skills.

Filsafat Ketuhanan Vaiṣṇava Perspektif Pemikiran Caitanya Mahāprabhu: Doktrin Acintya Bhedābheda dan Budaya Bhakti dalam Teks Śrī Śikṣāṣṭakam Ni Kadek Surpi
Sanjiwani: Jurnal Filsafat Vol 12 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

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Śri Caitanya is considered a reformer in Vaiṣṇava philosophy. He, who lived in the 15th century, is considered to have a strong influence on the culture of devotion to the modern age. However, despite being known as a brilliant young scientist, Śri Caitanya left behind only eight verses, which are called Śikṣāṣṭaka. These eight verses clearly reveal His mission and teachings. The disciples in his disciplinary line wrote many works to explain Caitanya's teachings, which were mostly conveyed orally. The Acintya Bhedābheda is a central doctrine that is regarded as a synthesis of the different principles in Vaiṣṇava philosophy. Caitanya asserts that there is an incomprehensible difference, as well as an incomprehensible indifference (Acintya Bhedābheda). Thus, he clung to the divine unity, which sustained large popular worship of murti worship. Caitanya affirmed the bhakti-Vedānta philosophy's excellence to strengthen the fight against the Maya vada doctrine of Sankara philosophy.

Kualitas, Tugas Dan Kewajiban Seorang Brāhmana Menurut Pustaka Purana Ni Kadek Surpi; I Ketut Ardana
Vidya Darsan: Jurnal Mahasiswa Filsafat Hindu Vol 3, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Hindu Negeri Mpu Kuturan Singaraja

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55115/vidyadarsan.v3i1.2555

Varṇāśrama dharma merupakan konsep sentral dalam Pustaka purana yang mengajarkan tentang tatanan sosial dan spiritual masyarakat. Namun sayang dalam perkembangannya justru terjadi penyimpangan dengan lahirnya konsep kasta berdasarkan kelahiran. Tatanan spiritual juga tidak dijalankan secara baik oleh masyarakat Hindu di jaman modern ini, yakni dengan nyaris hilangnya pelaksanaan vanaprasta dan sanyasi. Guna membangun kembali masyarakat yang menjunjung nilai dharma, keharmonisan dan SDM yang unggul, upaya membangun kembali semangat dari kaum Brahmana menjadi sangat penting. Pustaka Purana menguraikan tugas dan kewajiban Brahmana adalah memutar roda pengetahuan, menebarkan kebajikan dan mendorong masyarakat untuk hidup berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip dharma, saling bertoleransi terhadap perbedaan keyakinan dan membangun keunggulan. Brahmana dengan keunggulan kecerdasannya semestinya memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam membangun kembali tananan masyarakat Hindu yang unggul untuk dapat hidup sejahtera sebagaimana tujuan agama Hindu ditengah masyarakat global dan penggunaan teknologi yang sangat pesat.

DAMPAK LITERASI BHAGAVAD-GῑTĀ TERHADAP RESILIENSI DAN STRATEGI KOPING DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19 DI BALI Ni Kadek Surpi; Ni Luh Arick Istriyanti
Journal of Psychological Science and Profession Vol 6, No 3 (2022): Jurnal Psikologi Sains dan Profesi (Journal of Psychological Science and Profess
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jpsp.v6i3.36250

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan literasi Bhagavad-gῑtā terhadap resiliensi dan kemampuan strategi koping. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner berbentuk skala Likert. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 100 orang yang ditentukan melalui teknik purposive sampling. Kriteria subjek penelitian adalah sudah memiliki pengalaman membaca Bhagavad-gῑtā minimal 1 tahun dan berusia 20-55 tahun. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan untuk mengetahui kemampuan resiliensi subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah ConnorDavidson Resilience Scale 10 (CD-RISC 10). Hipotesis penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan antara frekuensi dan motif dalam membaca Bhagavad-gῑtā terhadap resiliensi dan kemampuan strategi koping yang tepat bagi para pembaca kitab suci ini. Untuk mengetahui strategi koping, peneliti menggunakan skala berdasarkan aspek problem-focused coping dan emotion-focused coping dengan nilai reliabilitas sebesar 0.6. Uji hipotesis menggunakan analisis kovarian atau ANCOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motif dan frekuensi dalam membaca Bhagavad-gῑtā secara bersamaan berperan terhadap resiliensi. Kemampuan resiliensi dipengaruhi sebesar 41.5% oleh motif (keinginan dari dalam diri sendiri untuk membaca) dan frekuensi membaca Bhagavad-gῑtā. Selain itu, strategi koping juga bernilai signifikan bagi para pembaca Bhagavad-gῑtā. Resiliensi dan strategi koping secara bersamaan memiliki peran besar bagi individu untuk bertahan dan mencari jalan keluar di tengah kesulitan akibat pandemi Covid-19.

KUALITAS, TUGAS DAN KEWAJIBAN SEORANG BRĀHMANA MENURUT PUSTAKA PURANA Ni Kadek Surpi
Genta Hredaya: Media Informasi Ilmiah Jurusan Brahma Widya STAHN Mpu Kuturan Singaraja Vol 6, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Hindu Negeri Mpu Kuturan Singaraja

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55115/gentahredaya.v6i2.2497

Varṇāśrama dharma merupakan konsep sentral dalam Pustaka purana yang mengajarkan tentang tatanan sosial dan spiritual masyarakat. Namun sayang dalam perkembangannya justru terjadi penyimpangan dengan lahirnya konsep kasta berdasarkan kelahiran. Tatanan spiritual juga tidak dijalankan secara baik oleh masyarakat Hindu di jaman modern ini, yakni dengan nyaris hilangnya pelaksanaan vanaprasta dan sanyasi. Guna membangun kembali masyarakat yang menjunjung nilai dharma, keharmonisan dan SDM yang unggul, upaya membangun kembali semangat dari kaum Brahmana menjadi sangat penting. Pustaka Purana menguraikan tugas dan kewajiban Brahmana adalah memutar roda pengetahuan, menebarkan kebajikan dan mendorong masyarakat untuk hidup berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip dharma, saling bertoleransi terhadap perbedaan keyakinan dan membangun keunggulan. Brahmana dengan keunggulan kecerdasannya semestinya memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam membangun kembali tananan masyarakat Hindu yang unggul untuk dapat hidup sejahtera sebagaimana tujuan agama Hindu ditengah masyarakat global dan penggunaan teknologi yang sangat pesat.

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