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QUASI-MODALS IN BRITISH AND AMERICAN ENGLISH Oktavianti, Ikmi Nur
Lingua Scientia Vol 8, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Bahasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21274/ls.2016.8.2.257-272

In daily use of language, speakers need to use certain linguistic units to convey messages to the interlocutors. To assert non-factual condition, there are modality markers as parts of language elements. English grammar marks the modality concept by means of modal verbs, adverbs, adjective, conditional sentence, and the like. Regarding modal verbs, one of them is quasi-modal. This paper then examines quasi-modals in English. However, talking about English cannot be separated from its regional varieties. This research thus aims to describe the differences of quasi-modals in British English and American English. To complete the research, it attempts to reveal the factors triggering the differences.

Noncanonical Constructions in English and How They Work to Package Information Oktavianti, Ikmi Nur
Ahmad Dahlan Journal of English Studies Vol 3, No 2 (2016): September
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Linguistic construction embodies information that is plausible to be modified in certain context when the speaker wants to emphasize on certain aspect. This is the nature of language users and the construction they produce. Each language is assumed to possess its own various ways of structuring the information spoken or written by the language user. English, for example, which is known as fixed word order language with SVO order has its various ways of structuring the information delivered by the speaker to the interlocutor. Preposing, postposing, and argument reversal are three best ways to indicate which information is prominent in the speakerâs mind so that the hearer will have the same concept as the speaker. Those are included as the alternative ways to construct sentence and propose syntactic choices to the speaker. Information structure has been one of the most intriguing fields of study involving both syntactic and pragmatic analyses. Hence, this paper aims at describing the noncanonical constructions in English and how they work to package information by using the interface of both disciplines.

Good and Bad English: How to Deal with Language Variation and Change in Language Learning Oktavianti, Ikmi Nur
Ahmad Dahlan Journal of English Studies Vol 2, No 1 (2015): March
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

AbstractLanguage practitioners often seem language phenomena as degeneration or decay. This is something misleading and need to be taken seriously into consideration. Purists and prescriptivists should see the phenomena not only from the normative point of view but also from the science of language itself, which is still forgotten. This article thus attempts to propose insights from linguistics related to the term good and bad language, with the focus on good and bad English. Is there any good and bad language? The answer to the question can only be given at best by elaborating the linguistics concept. This discussion is of benefit for language learning of which it is closely related.

QUASI-MODALS IN BRITISH AND AMERICAN ENGLISH Oktavianti, Ikmi Nur
Jurnal Bahasa Lingua Scientia Vol 8, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Bahasa IAIN Tulungagung

In daily use of language, speakers need to use certain linguistic units to convey messages to the interlocutors. To assert non-factual condition, there are modality markers as parts of language elements. English grammar marks the modality concept by means of modal verbs, adverbs, adjective, conditional sentence, and the like. Regarding modal verbs, one of them is quasi-modal. This paper then examines quasi-modals in English. However, talking about English cannot be separated from its regional varieties. This research thus aims to describe the differences of quasi-modals in British English and American English. To complete the research, it attempts to reveal the factors triggering the differences.

The Use of Phonetically Reduced Modals in Present-day English: A Corpus-Based Analysis Oktavianti, Ikmi Nur
English Language Teaching Educational Journal Vol 1, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/eltej.v1i3.749

This paper examines the usage frequency of phonetically reduced modals (i.e. gonna, wanna, gotta) in Present-day English. It is assumed that in distinct sociolinguistic and discourse contexts, the use of reduced modals is dynamic. To collect the data, there are two corpora used in this study, Corpus of Contemporary American English and Global Web-Based English as the representatives of Present-day English. The analysis focuses on usage frequency of phonetically reduced modals over period of time, in different regions, different medium of language use, and different text types. The frequencies were further interpreted based on sociolinguistics and text genre perspective to reveal the factors triggering the dynamic of use. The results of this study show the use of reduced modals is dramatically escalating in the last decades. According to regional observation, the use of reduced modals is more frequent in the United States than in other English-speaking countries. In relation to medium of language use, reduced modals are more commonly used in spoken language than in written language. As for text type, the usage frequency of reduced modal in fiction texts is the highest compared to academic texts and news texts. Academic texts seem to avoid these linguistic units since this sort of text must obey the use of standard language in which reduced forms are less standard and more colloquial. This phonetic reduction is plausible to occur since language system and language use apply economy principle. The use of phonetically reduced modals, however, varies in different context, varies in different context, influenced by colloquialization: the more colloquial the context is, the more frequent they are. In general, language use is phonetically simplified and sociolinguistically colloquialized.

A corpus study of verbs in opinion articles of The Jakarta Post and the relation with text characteristics Oktavianti, Ikmi Nur; Adnan, Asmad
English Language Teaching Educational Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/eltej.v3i2.2158

As one of the text categories, opinion texts have distinctive characteristics compared to any other texts in newspapers, including the choice of verb usage. This study then aims at preliminarily examining the verbs used in opinion articles in The Jakarta Post to find out the relation between frequency and text characteristics. This study collected the opinion articles of The Jakarta Post comprising 47.143 words. This study was assisted by Lancsbox to store the corpus of opinion section texts, to identify the verb lemmas, and to count the frequency of verbs. The verbs found in this study were then classified based on Scheibmanâ€™s main verb classification (which is based on Hallidayâ€™s and Dixonâ€™s verb types). The results of the study show that there are three most frequent verb types used in opinion texts in The Jakarta Post; they are material, verbal, and feeling verb types. Meanwhile, the lesser frequent ones are perception, possessive/relational, relational, and cognition verbs types. Meanwhile, the least frequent verb types are existential, corporeal and perception/relational verbs types. As opinion text conveys the argument of the writer, it is plausible to find feeling verb type belongs to the third most frequent types, along with material type to show concrete actions and verbal type to report the information. These frequencies exhibit that there is a firm relationship between text characteristics and the tendency of verb choice.

Syntax for language teachers: Revisiting the nature of language Muhammad Tolkhah Adityas; Ikmi Nur Oktavianti; Icuk Prayogi
UAD TEFL International Conference Proceedings of the 5th UAD TEFL International Conference
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/utic.v2.5730.2019

Teaching language is not only a matter of delivering language materials to the learners (e.g., using various methods or media), but it is also about what is thought and what is understood by the teachers that might contribute indirectly in designing and delivering the materials. Those aspects are the manifestations of teachers’ knowledge about language. Teachers who have sufficient understanding on language will be able to conduct better practice of language teaching since they understand what they are teaching. It is then intriguing to discuss the roles of syntax for language teachers: what can teachers benefit from it? This paper aims at revisiting the importance of syntax for language teachers by looking at the nature of language and the nature of syntax. This paper reviews the available relevant literature. The result of discussion emphasizes the potentiality of syntax to equip teachers with adequate knowledge on language, language structure and how to cope with changes in language. Moreover, reading syntax research can enrich teachers’ knowledge. This knowledge can be of beneficial for teachers, for instance in designing the language content of teaching materials. These are not surprising since language teachers are teaching language; therefore, they should also consider language characteristics of the language they are teaching.

Corpora: From theoretical linguistics to language teaching Ikmi Nur Oktavianti
UAD TEFL International Conference Proceedings of the 5th UAD TEFL International Conference
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/utic.v2.5731.2019

Corpus has gained its popularity in linguistics over the past five decades, from the computerized storage of English language in Survey of English Usage in 1959 to the ongoing development of Corpus of Contemporary American English. Because of the huge size of actual language data compiled in corpora, many linguists and language teachers working with English language have benefited from them in linguistic research and teaching practice. Up to now, there are innumerable English online corpora recording data from various genres, modes, and regions as well as corpus tools to analyze self-compiled corpus. The massive development of corpora, however, has not been widely discussed among English language researchers and practitioners in Indonesia, let alone in English language teaching. Although linguistics and language teaching are two inseparable and firmly related fields, corpus as a concept and product of linguistics seems ignored or even avoided. This paper then aims to review the nature of corpus and how it is used to assist linguistic analysis. More importantly, this paper discusses another possible application of corpus, e.g., the use of corpus in teaching language. Considering the nature and the benefits of using corpora, it is then important to promote the use of corpus to enhance English language teaching and learning, either directly in the classrooms or indirectly in materials development.

THE TRANSLATABILITY OF COMPOUND WORDS IN THE HUNGER GAMES IN ENGLISH AND INDONESIAN Dwi Apcita Estorina; Ikmi Nur Oktavianti
UAD TEFL International Conference Proceedings of the 4th UAD TEFL International Conference
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/utic.v1.164.2017

English is used as a foreign language in some countries since it is one of international languages. In Indonesia, English is not the mother tongue of the majority of occupants, so the translation is needed to solve the communication problem between two different languages. This research entitled “The Translatability of Compound Words in The Hunger Games in English and Indonesian Versions” is intended to find out the English compound words equivalently translatable into Indonesian found in the novel and to describe the causes of the non-equivalent translation.This research belongs to descriptive qualitative research as the research design. The research object of this research is compound and the data of this research is the compound words of English language and Indonesian language. As for the data source, The Hunger Games novel is used as the data source of the research. In collecting the data, the researcher uses observing method. In observing method, the researcher reads, underlines, and transcribes the compound words of English and Indonesian language found in the novel. In data analysis, the researcher identifies the data based on English language and Indonesian language compound words.The analysis of the research shows that there are English compound words that can be equivalently translatable into Indonesian and some cannot. The non-equivalent translation of the compounds has the highest frequency that is 29 cases. It happens because the translator translated the English compound words into words and phrases. The frequency of equivalent translation is 21 cases in which the translator translated the English compound words into Indonesian compound. As for the causes, there are some factors triggering the inability to translate equivalently and one of the most influencing ones is cultural aspect.

The Use of Phonetically Reduced Modals in Present-day English: A Corpus-Based Analysis Ikmi Nur Oktavianti
English Language Teaching Educational Journal Vol. 1 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/eltej.v1i3.749

This paper examines the usage frequency of phonetically reduced modals (i.e.Â gonna, wanna, gotta) in Present-day English. It is assumed that in distinct sociolinguistic and discourse contexts, the use of reduced modals is dynamic. To collect the data, there are two corpora used in this study,Â Corpus of Contemporary American EnglishÂ andÂ Global Web-Based EnglishÂ as the representatives of Present-day English. The analysis focuses on usage frequency of phonetically reduced modals over period of time, in different regions, different medium of language use, and different text types. The frequencies were further interpreted based on sociolinguistics and text genre perspective to reveal the factors triggering the dynamic of use. The results of this study show the use of reduced modals is dramatically escalating in the last decades. According to regional observation, the use of reduced modals is more frequent in the United States than in other English-speaking countries. In relation to medium of language use, reduced modals are more commonly used in spoken language than in written language. As for text type, the usage frequency of reduced modal in fiction texts is the highest compared to academic texts and news texts. Academic texts seem to avoid these linguistic units since this sort of text must obey the use of standard language in which reduced forms are less standard and more colloquial. This phonetic reduction is plausible to occur since language system and language use apply economy principle. The use of phonetically reduced modals, however, varies in different context, varies in different context, influenced by colloquialization: the more colloquial the context is, the more frequent they are. In general, language use is phonetically simplified and sociolinguistically colloquialized.Â

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