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UJI EFEKTIVITAS ISOLAT JAMUR ENTOMOPATOGEN Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin TERHADAP RAYAP TANAH PADA PENGUJIAN DI LABORATORIUM DAN LAPANGAN Agus Ismanto; Paimin Sukartana
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 34, No 4 (2016): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin merupakan salah satu jamur patogen serangga yang banyak digunakan untuk mengendalikan serangga hama di bidang pertanian. Tulisan ini mempelajari isolat M. anisopliae yang efektif mengendalikan rayap tanah. Pengujian lima isolat yaitu PLT, SMG, PKM, BDG, dan BGR dilakukan di laboratorium, sedangkan pengujian di lapangan dilakukan pada tiga isolat yaitu SMG, PKM, dan BDG. Masing-masing isolat dicampur dengan pasir ayak (60-80 mesh) dengan konsentrasi (v/v) 0% (kontrol), 10%, 20%, 50%, dan 100%. Hasil penelitian laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa isolat BGR dengan konsentrasi 10% merupakan isolat yang paling efektif mengendalikan rayap tanah, sedangkan isolat PLT merupakan isolat yang paling tidak efektif mengendalikan rayap tanah. Namun demikian, hasil uji lapangan menunjukkan ketiga isolat tersebut kurang efektif mengendalikan rayap tanah.

Percobaan Labotaris mengenai Penggunaan Cendawan Patogen Serangga Metarizhium anisopliae sebagai Penyekat Rayap Tanah Coptotermes curvignathus Paimin Sukartana; Agus Ismanto; Rusti Rushelia; Neo Endra Lelana
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 23, No 3 (2005): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Pengendalian rayap selama ini lebih tergantung pada penggunaan insektisida kimia yang pada umumnya tidak ramah lingkungan. Pengendalian secara biologis, misalnya menggunakan cendawan patogen serangga, sedang dikembangkan untuk mengurangi penggunaan bahan-bahan kimia beracun tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan efektivitas 6 strain cendawan patogen serangga, Metarizhium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin, yang diperoleh dari berbagai lokasi, sebagai penyekat serangan rayap tanah Coptermes curvignathus. Beberapa tingkat ketebalan cendawan yang dibiakkan dalam media beras digunakan sebagai penyekat yang disusun bersama-sama dengan media pasir dan umpan blok kayu tusam (Pinus meskusii) dalam tabung reaksi. Rayap tanah sebanyak 50 ekor terdiri dari 45 ekor rayap pekerja dan 5 ekor rayap prajurit dimasukkan ke dalam masing-masing tabung reaksi, dan kemudian percobaan disimpan pada suhu kamar selama 9 hari.Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa rayap pada umumnya mampu menembus cendawan penyekat, tetapi hanya rayap yang berhasil menembus penyekat dengan ketebalan 2 cm atau kurang dapat menyerang kayu umpan. Presentase kematian rayap pada umumnya tinggi pada perlakuan dengan ketebalan penyekat 4 dan 5 cm. Strain cendawan yang berasal dari Pakem (Yogyakarta) tampak paling menjanjikan, sementara peringkat di bawahnya secara berurutan adalah dari Jombang (Jawa Timur), Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) 1 (Yogyakarta), Bogor (Jawa Barat), Semarang (Jawa Tengah) dan UGM 2 (Yogyakarta). Ketebalan cendawan penyekat 4 sampai dengan 5 cm pada umumnya dapat menyebabkan kematian rayap yang tinggi, anatara 80 sampai dengan 100%.

PENEMBUSAN RAYAP TANAH COPTOTERMES CURVIGNATHUS HOLMGREN (ISOPTERA: RHINOTERMITIDAE) PADA BERBAGAI UKURAN BUTIRAN PASIR Paimin Sukartana
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 16, No 2 (1998): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Percobaan dilaboratorium telah dilakukan untuk mengkaji efektivitas penggunaan butiran pasir untuk mencegah serangan rayap menjangkau kayu contoh uji. Rayap tanah yang digunakan berasal dari dua koloni. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa rayap tersebut tidak dapat menembus, ke atas ataupun ke bawah,butiran pasir berukuran garis tengah 1,0,2,00 dan 2,00- 2,83 mm,tetapi dapat menembus butiran yang berdiamater lebih kecil atau lebih besar dari ukuran itu.Tidak ada perbedaan nyata efektivitas butiran pasir terhadap rayap yang berasal dari dua koloni tersebut.

RESPONS KUMBANG AMBROSIA TERHADAP PERLAKUAN DENG AN PESTISIDA Paimin Sukartana; Abdurahim Martawijaya; Dominicus Martono
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 1 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

A case study on the behavioral responses of ambrosia beetles to some pesticidal formulations was carried out at a logging area in West Kalimantan in 1981. Each pesticide formulation was sprayed to debarked logs of fresh1% felled ramin trees (Gonystylus bancanus Kurz.}. The tested logs were, then, allowed for the beetle infestations for four weeks, and inspections were conducted weekly to count the beetle tunnels. A lower intensity of the beetle infestation on the treated logs than those on the controls was considered as an inhibitory response. in contrast, a higher intensity of the infestation on the treated logs was indicatively caused by a stimulatory response. These following conclusions are drawn from this study: 1. A highly inhibitory response on the ambrosia beetle attacks was shown by treatments with pesticide containing 50% cypermethrin or 50% fenithrotion.2. Ramin logs treated with pesticide containing either 30% TCMTB or a mixture of 90% thiourea + 10% quarternary ammonium + 0.1 % diazenium dioxy seemed to be highly stimulating to the beetles. The stimulating effect of the second formulation initially decreased and lost afterwards if the diazenium dioxy component was increased by 0.1 to 0.2%. A doubtful record was shown if the TCMTB was mixed with 2% borax.3. The pesticide containing 5% Cu-8-oxyquinolinolate and 80% dichlofluanid were also unaffected to the beetle responses

PENGARUH SERANGAN KUMBANG AMBROSIA XYLEBORUS SP. TERHADAP KUALITAS KAYU TUSAM (PINUS MERKUSII). Paimin Sukartana
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 10, No 6 (1992): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Some green logs of tusam (Pinus merkusii Jungh et de Vr.) infested by the ambrosia beetle Xyleborus sp. were obserbed. About one thousand lunnels per-square meter were shown on the entire surface of each log. The beetle bored direclly into the logs, causing wood damage.The damaged grades of sawntimbers converted from the infested logs showed varied. The most langential sawtimber was highly affected, bul by then the damage decreased very sharply toward the radial area in accordance with a regression equation : Y = 1840. 70 - 546. 63. lnX r = 0.98where X = depth of sawntimber surface measured fram the most tangential area (cm). Y = number of tunnels per-square meter.The infested area of the wood was mostly in the peripheral part of the logs. Of an observed log, it showed thet in average of 991,.48 lunnels per-square meter appeared in a 5 cm thickness of that part, and then 231.54 and 9. 73 tunnels per-square meter in the consecuuve second and third 5 cm of the inner pan. the wood part of more than 15 cm in depth remained intack.

PENYEBARAN LUBANG GEREK SERANGAN RINTISAN KUMBANG AMBROSIA PADA DOLOK KARET YANG DIKULITI Paimin Sukartana
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 2 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

The distribution of initial tunnel of ambroisa beetle infestations on debarked rubber logs was studied. The surface. of the test logs was plotted into 8 equal beds, including two single beds situated on the top and bottom, and three pair- ed others situated on the upper sides, sides, and under sides. Intensity of the beetle tunnels on each bed was observed four times at the day of 11, 13, 17, and 21 after the debarking.It was shown that the ambrosia beetle tunnels were not equally scattered on the entire parts of the log surface.The two paired plots, sides and upper sides, were most susceptible ones eventhough the intensity of the tunnels vari- ed during the observation periods. The lower susceptible plots were respectively recorded on the top, under sides and bottom part of the logs.

CARA MEMATIKAN POHON RASAMALA SEBELUM PENEBANGAN DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP SERANGAN KUMBANG AMBROSIA Paimin Sukartana; Abdurahim Martawijaya
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 5, No 6 (1988): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1988.5.6.369-374

This experiment was designed to find out a proper method of killing rasamala trees (Altingia excelsa Noronha) before felling to improve the value of the wood. The methods in the testing include girdling, singed with blowtorch on the girdling section, and poisoned with 5% sodium arsenite solution or triclopyr 483.6 g/l or a mixture of triclopyr 100 with picloram 50 g/l. The chemical methods was conducted by pouring 5 ml of each chemical into each axed part of about 30 cm spacing which were made on the base of the tested trees. Poisoning with sodium arsenite was also done by brushing the solution on the girdled areas. The incidence of ambrosia beetle attacks was inspected to study the effect of the treatments on the susceptibility of the tested trees to the wood boring insects because this group of the pests may cause severe damage on the newly dead trees if improper treatment was carried out. The experiment concludes that :It seemed hard to kill rasamala trees by girdling even though the girdled section was singed with blowtorch.Poisoning with 5% sodium arsenite solution was effective if the chemical was brushed on the girdled section. Application of this method killed about 80% of the tested trees after six month period of treatment.Poisoning of rasamala trees with 483.6 g/l triclopyr of a mixture of triclopyr 100 with picloram 50 g/l through spacing axed cuts made on the base of tree was effective. The first formula killed about 80% of the trees after six months to one year. Application of the latter chemical showed better result because at the same treatment period this formula killed more trees, about 80 - 100% of the tested samples.In case of the ambrosia beetle infestation, the entire poisoned trees were more susceptible than that of the other treatments. Because the most attacks were mainly concentrated arround the treated areas, the damage is probably only meager in economic role.

SERANGAN KUMBANG AMBROSIA PADA KAYU SUNGKAI (PERONEMA CANESCENS) Paimin Sukartana
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 7, No 2 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1990.7.2.71 - 75

Susceptibility of sungkai wood (Peronema canescens) to ambrosia beetle infestations was studied. Fresh cut sungkai poles, measuring about 20 cm in diameter and 75 cm in length, were selected for the test. Six pole treatments were chosen each of which was represented by five replications. The test poles were kept under shade near felling site. Observations were respectively made for the number of ambrosia beetle tunnels occuring on the pole surface after 3, 6, 9, 15, and 40 days. The development pattern of the beetle gallery system, based on number of tunnel showed up on some peeling off areas of some consecutive depth of the heaviest infested test pole, was also observed.The result shows that unbarked (with and without flint kote) poles are practically unattack by the borer. Poles treated with ethanol (flint-koted barked and unbarked) were not attacked until day 9. The most severe attack occurs on the barked poles (with or without flint kote) Although the attack practically does not seem to occur until day 21. Regression equation Y =27,65 + 6,93X - 5,51X , where Y =number of tunnels found on each peeling area and X = depth of peeling (cm), represents the development pattern of the beetle galleries within the log.

KERENTANAN BEBERAPA JENIS KAYU TERHADAP SERANGAN KUMBANG AMBROSIA Paimin Sukartana
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 10, No 5 (1992): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1992.10.5.156 - 159

Ambrosia beetles belong to the most destructive wood borers that attack fresh cut logs. To determine the damage of some wood species caused by the pests, a field study was conducted by calculating the intensity of the beetle infestation on the surface of logs in a log yard of a logging operation, and on the surface of cores of peeled logs of a plywood mill.Observations on the yard showed that most of the logs had been severely damaged by the beetles. Hundreds of holes per-square meter were found on the surface of the logs. Meranti (Shorea spp) logs might belong to the most susceptible ones, and then consecutively followed by the bangkirai (S.laevifolia), mersawa (Anisoptera spp), keruing (Dipterocarpus spp), and others. Only few logs seemed to be intact.Many holes of the beetle infestation were also appeared on the surface of cores of the meranti species, but not so on the keruing's. That could be implied that the beetles attacking the meranti are able to tunnel very deep, to reach the heart of the wood group.

KEPERIDIAN DAN RASIO SEKS KETURUNAN KUMBANG AMBROSIA XYLEBORUS FERRUGINEUS YANG DIPELIHARA PADA MEDIA SERBUK LIMA JENIS KAYU1) Paimin Sukartana
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 5 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1989.6.5.340-342

Ambrosia beetle Xvleborus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) was reared on sawdust based artificial media of five wood species, i.e. bireh(Betula sp.),. elm (Ulmus americana), jack pine (Pinus sp.), oak (Quercus sp.), and an unknown species. Each sawdust media was prepared in capped test tubes and one female beetle per tube was then introduced. The culture media were incubated in a dark room at 28°C and 70% RH for 40 days.The result showed that the most fecund cultures, by mean of 25.9 and 24.0 progenies per tube, were respectively produced by the beetles reared on the elm and unknown sawdust diets. The moderate fecundity, producing 15.6 and 14.2 progenies per tube, was respectively yielded on the oak and birch media, and the less fecund one, 9.4 progenies each tube, was that on the jack pine sawdust diet. The female beetle reared on the entire diets yielded progenies with a spanan- droua sex ratios ranging from 18.B to 24.1 females per one male. There is no dignificant difference among the progeny's sex ratios produced by the beetle reared on the various culture media.

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