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INDUKSI EMBRIO SOMATIK SEKUNDER KOPI ARABIKA DAN DETEKSI KERAGAMAN SOMAKLONAL MENGGUNAKAN MARKA SSRs / Induction of Secondary Somatic Embryos of Arabica Coffee and Detection Somaclonal Variation Using SSRs Marker Meynarti Sari Dewi Ibrahim; Rr. Sri Hartati; Reflinur Reflinur; Sudarsono Sudarsono
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 24, No 1 (2018): Juni, 2018
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v24n1.2018.11-20

The secondary somatic embryogenesis of coffee plant can be used to propagate superior varieties, plant resulted from genetic transformation and mutation. Present study aimed to obtain the best media composition for induction of secondary somatic embryos in solid or semi-solid media, and to evaluate the possibility of somaclonal variations occurrence in the resulting plantlets. Primary somatic embryos torpedo phase of the AS2K variety were used as explant sources. Types of cytokines i.e. 2-iP (4.54 and 9.08 μM), kinetin (9.30 μM) and BAP (BAP 17.76 and 1.33 μM) and medium density (solids and semi-solid) were used as treatments. A total of 20 SSRs marker were used in molecular analysis of plantlets with 10 replication per treatment. The results showed that the media with the addition of BAP 17.76 μM resulted in the highest percentage (75.50%), the highest number of secondary somatic embryos (10.63), the tertiary, quarter and quiner somatic embryos. Number of secondary somatic embryos produced in a dense media was higher than those in the semi-solid media.. Based on molecular analysis, planlets on all treatment were relatively homogenous except on medium with 17.76 μM BAP which indicated by one allelle changing at ssrR209 locus. These findings indicated that the use of culture medium with supplemented with 9.08 μM 2-iP is advisable to induce the secondary somatic embryos due to its capacity to produce high number of somatic embryos and exhibited no somaclonal variations occurred among the plantlets.Keywords: Coffea arabica, tertiary somatic embryos, quarter somatic embryos, quiner somatic embryos, semi solid media AbstrakEmbriogenesis somatik sekunder pada tanaman kopi dapat digunakan untuk memperbanyak varietas unggul, hasil transformasi dan mutasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan komposisi media terbaik dalam menginduksi embrio somatik sekunder dalam media padat maupun semi padat, dan mengevaluasi kemungkinan terjadinya variasi somaklonal pada planlet yang dihasilkan. Eksplan yang digunakan adalah embrio somatik primer fase torpedo dari varietas AS2K. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah jenis sitokinin yaitu: 2-iP (4,54 dan 9,08 μM), kinetin (9,30 μM) dan BAP (BAP 17,76 μM dan 1,33 μM) dan kepadatan media (padat dan semi padat). Analisis molekuler menggunakan 20 primer marka SSRs dengan jumlah ulangan 10 planlet per perlakuan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan media dengan penambahan BAP 17,76 μM menghasilkan persentase embrio somatik sekunder tertinggi (75,50%), embrio somatik sekunder terbanyak (10,63), embrio somatik tersier, kuarter dan kuiner. Jumlah embrio somatik sekunder yang dihasilkan pada media padat lebih banyak dibandingkan semi padat. Berdasarkan analisis molekuler, planlet yang dikulturkan pada semua perlakuan relatif seragam, kecuali pada perlakuan BAP 17,76 μM yang menunjukkan telah terjadi perubahan satu alel pada lokus ssrR209. Temuan ini memperlihatkan bahwa penggunaan media kultur dengan 2-iP 9,08 μM lebih dianjurkan untuk menginduksi embrio somatik sekunder karena dapat menghasilkan jumlah embrio somatik cukup banyak dan tidak memperlihatkan adanya variasi somaklonal pada planlet yang dihasilkan.Kata kunci: Coffea arabica, embrio somatik tersier, embrio somatik kuarter, embrio somatik kuiner, media semi-padat

EFISIENSI MEDIA KULTUR DAN APLIKASI TEMPORARY IMMERSION SYSTEM PADA EMBRIOGENESIS SOMATIK KOPI ARABIKA / Efficiency of Culture Media and Aplication Temporary Immersion Systemon on Somatic Embryogenesis Arabica Coffee Meynarti Sari Dewi Ibrahim; RR. Sri Hartati; Rubiyo Rubiyo; Agus Purwito; Sudarsono Sudarsono
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 23, No 1 (2017): Juni, 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v23n1.2017.45-54

In vitro culture requires sucrose as carbon source and seaweed gel for condensing media. The price of sucrose and agar were quite expensive, causing difficulties in plant propagation using somatic embryogenesis technique. The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility to utilize sugar and commercial agar in somatic embryogenesis of Arabica coffee. The study was conducted in the Agricultural Superior Seed Development Unit, Indonesian Center Estate Crops Research and Development from May 2013 to June 2015.The first stage, calli were transferred into regeneration medium with tested added sucrose 35 g L-1+phytagel 2.5g L-1, and sugar 35 g L-1 +(phytagel 2.5 g L-1 or commercial agar 9 g L-1). In the second one, torpedo stage embryos transfered into media germination with examined sucrose 40 g L-1+ phytagel (2.5g L-1or 1.5g L-1), sugar40 g L-1 + (phytagel 2.5g L-1 or commercial agar 9 g L-1). The third stage,torpedos transferred into Temporary Immersion System (RITA), treatment examined sucrose and sugar.Experiments were arranged in completely randomized design with 10, 20 and 3 replication. The first stage, results showed sugar and commercial agar couldnot substitute sucrose and phytagel on regeneration media because it can reduce calli fresh weight and number of somatic embryos. The germination stage, sugar + phytagel (2.5 and 1.5 g L-1) can still be recommended, but not for sugar + commercial agar. Sugarin RITA may be used because had no significant effect on all parameters observed.Key words : Coffea arabika L., somatic embryogenesis, sugar, commercial agar, RITA. AbstrakPerkembangan dan pertumbuhan embriogenesis somatik memerlukan sukrosa sebagai sumber karbon, dan agar untuk memadatkan media. Harga sukrosa dan phytagel yang mahal merupakan kendala dalam perbanyakan tanaman menggunakan teknik embriogenesis somatik. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji kemungkinan penggunaan gula pasir dan agar komersial dalam embriogenesis somatik kopi Arabika. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Tanaman, Unit Pengembangan Benih Unggul Pertanian, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Indonesia dari Mei 2013 sampai Juni 2015. Tahap pertama, kalus disubkultur pada media regenerasi. Perlakuan yang digunakan pemberian sukrosa 35 g L-1 + phytagel2,5 g L-1dan gula pasir 35 g L-1 + (phytagel 2,5 g L-1atau agar komersial 9 g L-1). Tahap kedua, embrio fase torpedo disubkultur pada media perkecambahan. Perlakuan yang digunakan pemberian sukrosa 40 g L-1 + phytagel (2,5 g L-1 atau 1,5 g L-1),dan gula pasir 40 g L-1 + (phytagel 2,5 g L-1atau agar komersial 9 g L-1). Tahap ketiga adalah subkultur torpedo ke Temporary Immersion System (RITA). Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah pemberian sukrosa dan gula pasir. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 10, 20 dan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gula pasir dan agar komersial tidak dapat menggantikan sukrosa dan phytagel pada media regenerasi kalus kopi Arabika karena dapat menurunkan bobot basah kalus dan jumlah embrio somatik. Pada media perkecambahan pemberian gula pasir + phytagel (2,5 dan 1,5 g L-1) masih dapat direkomendasikan, tetapi tidak untuk penggunaan gula pasir + agar komersial. Pemakaian gula pasir pada RITA dapat digunakan karena tidak memberikan hasil yang berbeda nyata untuk semua peubah yang diamati.Kata kunci : Agar komersial, Coffea arabika L., embriogensis somatik, gula pasir, RITA

Kultur Embrio Tiga Spesies Kopi pada Umur Buah dan Formulasi Media yang Berbeda Meynarti Sari Dewi Ibrahim; Indah Sulistiyorini
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 8, No 3 (2021): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v8n3.2021.p151-164

Studying the fruit age and proper media formulation is one of the important stages in embryo culture of coffee. The data is highly benefical, especially in saving embryos generated from intra- and inter-species crosses that fall prematurely or experience problems in germination. The aim of this study was to determine the suitable age and media formulation for embryo culture of Arabica, Robusta, and Liberica coffee. The study was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute from January 2019 to November 2020. Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with growth regulators adapted to embryonic development were used in this study. The three types of coffee divided into 5 groups, namely pinhead, immature, early mature, almost mature, mature, and used as planting material. The research was designed in a completely randomized design with 10 replications, and media formulation as a treatment. The results showed that embryo culture of the three coffee species was conducted successfully, except for pinhead fruit. The older the cultured fruit, the higher the percentage of germination. There is a difference in germination time between the three coffee species. The medium for embryo culture should be adjusted with the age of the fruit being cultured. Aside from growing embryos, the cultured mature fruit embryos on MS medium given 0.5 mg/l BA can also be used for propagation by utilizing the secondary somatic embryos formation.

Penggunaan Air Kelapa dan Beberapa Auksin untuk Induksi Multiplikasi Tunas dan Perakaran Lada Secara In Vitro Indah Sulistiyorini; Meynarti Sari Dewi Ibrahim; Syafaruddin Syafaruddin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 3 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n3.2012.p231-238

Peningkatan produktivitas lada perlu didukung oleh ketersediaan benih unggul. Perbanyakan lada secara in vitro dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif untuk menghasilkan benih lada dalam jumlah banyak dan waktu yang relatif singkat. Salah satu faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan kultur in vitro adalah penggunaan zat pengatur tumbuh. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar mulai bulan Maret-September 2011. Penelitian terdiri dari 2 kegiatan yaitu induksi multiplikasi tunas dan induksi perakaran. Masing-masing bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan konsentrasi air kelapa terhadap multiplikasi tunas lada dan pengaruh penggunaan jenis dan konsentrasi auksin terhadap induksi perakaran lada secara in vitro. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan uji lanjut DMRT. Perlakuan induksi multiplikasi terdiri dari konsentrasi air kelapa, yaitu 10, 20, 30, 40, 50% dan sebagai pembanding adalah BA 0,3 mg/l, sedangkan induksi perakaran lada digunakan beberapa auksin, yaitu IBA, IAA dan 2,4-D dengan konsentrasi masing-masing adalah 0,1, 0,3, dan 0,5 mg/l. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan air kelapa untuk perlakuan induksi multiplikasi tunas pada semua konsentrasi lebih memacu pembentukan akar, selain itu kultur yang dihasilkan mempunyai pertumbuhan normal dan lebih vigor dibandingkan perlakuan BA 0,3 mg/l. Perlakuan BA 0,3 mg/l menghasilkan jumlah tunas dan jumlah daun lebih banyak dibandingkan perlakuan air kelapa sebesar 2,69 dan 10,73. Penggunaan IAA 0,1 mg/l untuk induksi perakaran mampu menginduksi akar sebanyak 8,26 lebih banyak dibandingkan auksin yang lain. The Use of Coconut Water And Several Auxin for Shoot Multiplication And Rooting Induction in Black Pepper In VitroABSTRACT Increased productivity of pepper should be supported by the availability of improved seed. Propagation black pepper in vitro can be used as an alternative to produce large amounts of black pepper cuttings in a relatively short time. One of the factors that determine the success of in vitro culture is the use of plant growth regulators used. Research was conducted in the laboratory tissue culture from March to September 2011. This research consists of two activities, the induction of shoot multiplication and rooting induction. Each aims to analyze the addition of coconut water concentration on shoot multiplication black pepper and determine the effect of the addition of the type and concentration of auxin for induction in vitro rooting of black pepper. Design used were completely randomized design and use advanced testing DMRT. Treatment consisted of induction multiplication coconut water concentration, namely 10, 20, 30, 40, 50%, and as a comparison is BA 0.3 mg/l, and black pepper root induction treatment using several auxin is IBA, IAA and 2.4-D with the concentration of each was 0.1 mg/l, 0.3 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l. The results showed the use of coconut water for shoot multiplication induction treatment at all concentrations stimulate root formation, in addition to the culture that has produced more normal growth and vigor than the treatment of BA 0.3 mg/l. Treatment BA 0.3 mg/l produce shoots leaves more than coconut water treatment at 2.69 and 10.73. The use of IAA 0.1 mg/l for induction were able to induce root 8.26 more as compared to other auxin.

Pengaruh Iradiasi Sinar Gamma terhadap Pertumbuhan Stek Tunas Apikal dan Aksilar Kopi Arabika Meynarti Sari Dewi Ibrahim; Enny Randriani
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 7, No 3 (2020): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v7n3.2020.p137-148

The Arabica coffee is predominantly self-pollinated plants thereby contributing to low genetic diversity. The effort to increase the genetic diversity of Arabica coffee through crossing strategy is time-consuming, and induce mutation is necessary to enhance the rate of genetic variation. The aims of this study were to observe the effect of gamma-ray irradiation on the growth of apical and axillary bud cuttings and to determine the value of LD50 on apical cuttings and Arabica coffee axillaries. The study was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, from January to December in 2018.. The planting material that was irradiated was Arabica coffee plantlets resulting from somatic embryogenesis propagation. Irradiation is carried out at the National Nuclear Energy Agency. The irradiated plantlets were cut and subcultured onto MS medium without growth regulators, 30 g L-1 sucrose, and 2.5 g L-1 phytagel were added. The design used a completely randomized design with 10 replications. The treatments tested were the dose of gamma-ray irradiation (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 Gy). The results showed that gamma-ray irradiation had an effect on all observed parameters. The mortality percentage of apical shoot cuttings began to be found at 30 Gy, while axillary cuttings at 20 Gy increased with an increasing dose of gamma-ray irradiation. The number of shoots and leaves varied between irradiation doses on both apical and axillary cuttings. The LD50 value of apical shoot cuttings was 36.80 Gy, while axillary cuttings were 22.24 Gy

Peningkatan Induksi Kalus Embriogenik dan Konversi Embrio Somatik Kopi Robusta Klon BP 308 Meynarti Sari Dewi Ibrahim; RR. Sri Hartati
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 3 (2017): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n3.2017.p121-132

Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) is a cross-pollinated plant, therefore vegetative propagation is necessary to ensure identical traits with parents, such as tissue culture techniques through somatic embryo. The study aimed to find the effect of plant growth regulator 2.4-D and thidiazuron in inducing embryogenic callus, by adding incision area on leaf explant, and to evaluate addition of GA3 in increasing somatic embryo conversion. The study was conducted from December 2014 to June 2016 in the Tissue Culture Laboratory, IAARD, Bogor. The research consisted of 2 stages. Stage 1 used a complete randomized design of 2 factors; the first factor was a combination of plant growth regulator 2.4-D (1.0 and 2.0 mg/l) and thidiazuron (1.0; 3.0; and 5.0 mg/l), the second factor was leaf incision (slashed and unslashed). Stage 2 used a complete randomized design, with GA3 treatment at different concentrations (0.0; 0.5; and 1.0 mg/l). Observed variables were percentage of callus formation, fresh weight of callus, number of torpedoes, number of somatic embryos at cotyledon stage, and number of germinated embryo. The results showed growth regulatory treatments influenced the percentage of embryogenic callus formation and fresh weight of callus. Extra incision on leaf showed no effect in embryogenic callus induction. Embryogenic callus inducted using 2.4-D 1.0 mg/l + thidiazuron 5.0 mg/l medium which then regenerated in ½ MS medium added with kinetin 2 mg/l exhibited the highest number of germination. Adding GA3 1.0 mg/l in regeneration medium is recommended to increase somatic embryos of Robusta coffee BP 308 clone.

Karakterisasi Morfologi, Anatomi, dan Fisiologi Tujuh Klon Unggul Kopi Robusta Sakiroh Sakiroh; Meynarti Sari Dewi Ibrahim
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 7, No 2 (2020): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v7n2.2020.p73-82

Morphological characterization of superior Robusta coffee plants has been widely studied, but for the anatomical and physiological character is still relatively limited. Result of this characterization is important as a basic information in order to create the new superior varieties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphological, anatomical, and physiological characteristics of seven clones of Robusta coffee (SA 203, BP 534, BP 42, BP 409, BP 939, BP 308 and BP 436). The experiment was conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Station and Integrated Laboratory of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, Sukabumi, West Java, from October to November 2019. The Completely Randomized Design with 7 Robusta coffee clones as treatments and three replications was used in this study. The variable observed were morphological (leaf area), anatomical (stomata shape and density) and physiological characters (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll). The results showed that the leaf area of the first and third leaves of seven clones of Robusta coffee were relatively uniform. The stomata shape of Robusta coffee leaf is parasitic type (Rubiaceous) type. The SA 203 and BP 409 clones have the fewest stomata contents. The content of chlorophyll a, b, and total in the first and third leaves varies between clones. Chlorophyll content in the basal, middle, and apical leaf were relatively uniform, except clones SA 203 and BP 939 for the first leaf, and SA 203 and BP 436 for third leaf. The correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between leaf area and chlorophyll content.

Pengaruh Komposisi Media terhadap Pembentukan Kalus Embriogenesis Somatik Kopi Arabika ( Coffea arabica ) Meynarti Sari dewi Ibrahim; Sudarsono Sudarsono; Rubiyo Rubiyo; Syafaruddin Syafaruddin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 1 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n1.2012.p13-22

Induksi embrio somatik pada kopi arabika (Coffea arabica) dengan menggunakan beberapa zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) telah berhasil dilakukan. Pengaruh komposisi media terutama kombinasi antara jenis ZPT yang berbeda dan tanggap genotipe tanaman dilaporkan sangat bervariasi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengkaji pengaruh pemberian 2,4-D dan kinetin dalam proses pembentukan dan pertumbuhan kalus embriogenik asal daun. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan (Puslitbangbun) Agustus 2011 sampai Januari 2012. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah daun dari kopi arabika varietas Sigarar Utang yang merupakan tanaman koleksi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (Balittri). Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 5 ulangan, masing-masing ulangan terdiri dari 5 eksplan. Peubah yang diamati, meliputi persentasi kalus yang terbentuk, morfologi kalus, berat basah kalus, dan jumlah globular. Hasil menunjukkan semua perlakuan dapat membentuk kalus, pertambahan berat eksplan tertinggi diperoleh pada media kombinasi 2,4-D 1 mg/l atau 2 mg/l dan kinetin 1 sampai 4 mg/l. Embrio somatik terbanyak diperoleh pada media yang diberi 2,4-D 0,5 mg/l dan kinetin 1 mg/l. Selain kalus, massa proembrio dan embrio, juga terbentuk akar adventif yang jumlahnya tidak nyata antar perlakuan. The Effect of Composition Media to Callus Formation of Somaticembryogenesis of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica)ABSTRACT Induction of somatic embryos with plant growth regulators (PGR) has successfully performed in arabica coffee. However, the influence of media composition combined with different PGR, explants and genotype of plants is widely various in response yields. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of 2,4-D and kinetine in process of formation and growth of embryogenic callus developed from leaves of arabica coffee. The studiy was carried out at a laboratory of Indonesian Research Center for Estate Crops (Puslitbangbun) from August 2011 to January 2012. Plant materials used are coffee leaves var. Sigarar Utang taken from a germplasm collection of the crop grown at Pakuwon Research Station, Indonesian Research Institute for Industry Crops (Balittri) located at Sukabumi, West Java. A completely randomized design with 5 replications and plot size of five explants was used. Parameters observed are percentage of callus formation, morphology of the callus, fresh weight of callus, and number of globular. Results show that all treatments examined are able to form callus. The highest increase in weight of explants was obtained from the media treated with 2,4-D (conc. of 1mg/l or 2 mg/l) and kinetin (conc. of 1 to 4 mg/l). While, the most number of somatic embryo formed was obtained from those of treated with 2,4-D 0.5 mg/l and kinetin 1 mg/l. In addition to callus formation, proembryo mass, embryo and adventive roots were also formed in spite of not significant between different the treatments.

Induksi Kalus Embriogenik dan Daya Regenerasi Kopi Arabika Menggunakan 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid dan 6-Benzyladenine Meynarti Sari Dewi Ibrahim; Rr Sri Hartati; Rubiyo Rubiyo; Agus Purwito; Sudarsono Sudarsono
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 2 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n2.2013.p91-98

Embriogenesis somatik kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L.) masih mengalami kendala dalam meregenerasikan planlet dari eksplan yang dikulturkan. Kemampuan eksplan daun membentuk embrio dalam proses embriogenesis somatik kopi sangat dipengaruhi oleh komposisi media dan zat pengatur tumbuh. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid dan 6-Benzyladenine dalam proses pembentukan kalus embriogenik dan daya regenerasi kopi Arabika. Penelitian dilakukan di Unit Pengembangan Benih Unggul Pertanian, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian pada bulan Juli 2011 sampai Desember 2012. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah daun kopi Arabika varietas S795 koleksi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar. Rancangan perlakuan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 6 ulangan, masing-masing ulangan terdiri dari 5 eksplan. Induksi kalus menggunakan 5 kombinasi perlakuan 2,4-D 1 mg/l + BA 0 mg/l; 2,4-D 1 mg/l + BA 1 mg/l; 2,4-D 1 mg/l + BA 2 mg/l; 2,4-D 2 mg/l + BA 1 mg/l; dan kontrol (tanpa penambahan 2,4-D dan BA). Peubah yang diamati meliputi jumlah kalus, persentasi kalus embriogenik, berat basah kalus, dan jumlah proembrio. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan 2,4-D 1 mg/l + BA 0 mg/l; 2,4-D 1 mg/l + BA 1 mg/l; 2,4-D 1 mg/l + BA 2 mg/l; dan 2,4-D 2 mg/l + BA 1 mg/l dapat membentuk kalus kecuali perlakuan kontrol. Berat kalus, persentasi kalus embriogenik, dan jumlah proembrio tertinggi diperoleh pada media kombinasi 2,4-D 2 mg/l dan BA 1 mg/l. Kalus yang mampu beregenerasi berasal dari media kombinasi 2,4-D 1 mg/l dan BA 2 mg/l dengan persentasi 16,67% dengan 6 kecambah per 0,2 gram kalus.Kata Kunci: Coffea arabica, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, 6-Benzyladenine, embriogenesis somatikRegeneration of planlets from cultured explants has been an obstacle in somatic embryogenesis of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.). The ability of leaf explants to generate embryos in somatic embryogenesis process of coffee was affected by composition of media and plant growth regulators. The objectives of the research was to examine the effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid dan 6-Benzyladenine in the process of embryogenic callus and regeneration potential of arabica coffee. The study was conducted at Agricultural Superior Seed Development Unit, Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD) from July 2011 to December 2012. Plant material used was leaves of S795 variety which is collected by Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute. The research was arranged in completely randomized design with 6 replications, each replication consist of 5 explants. Callus induction used 5 treatments, i.e. 2,4-D 1 mg/l + BA 0 mg/l; 2,4-D 1 mg/l + BA 1 mg/l; 2,4-D 1 mg/l + BA 2 mg/l; 2,4-D 2 mg/l + BA 1 mg/l; and control (without 2,4-D and BA). Variables observed were number of callus, percentage of embryogenic callus, callus fresh weight and number of proembryo. Result showed that all treatments can produce the callus except control. Combination of 2,4-D 2 mg/l and BA 1 mg/l gave the highest of fresh weight of callus, percentage of embryogenic callus, and number of proembryo. Regenerating callus of 16.67% with the number of sprouts of 6 per 0.2 gram only derived from combination of 2,4-D 1 mg/l BA and 2 mg/l.

PERBANYAKAN ILES-ILES ( Amorphophallus spp.) SECARA KONVENSIONAL DAN KULTUR IN VITRO SERTA STRATEGI PENGEMBANGANNYA Conventional Propogation and In Vitro Culture of Iles-Iles (Amorphophallusspp.) and Its Development Strategy Meynarti Sari Dewi Ibrahim
Perspektif Vol 18, No 1 (2019): Juni 2019
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/psp.v18n1.2019.67-78

ABSTRAK Iles-iles (Amorphophallus spp.) tergolong ke dalam suku talas-talasan yang saat ini karena kandungan gizinya mulai dilirik sebagai bahan baku pangan fungsional. Nilai ekonomi Iles-iles ada pada kandungan glukomanannya. Glukomanan merupakan suatu senyawa polisakarida jenis hemiselulosa yang bersifat hidrokoloid, larut dalam air, rendah kalori, dan bebas dari gluten. Sifat ini menjadikan tepung glokomanan selain untuk kebutuhan bahan pangan, juga digunakan untuk bahan baku industri. Permasalahan dalam pengembangan tanaman iles-iles sebagai alternatif pengganti pangan antara lain ketersediaan bahan baku yang tidak dapat terpenuhi secara kontiyu. Hal ini kemungkinan besar karena siklus hidupnya yang lama, dan masih banyak petani maupun masyarakat yang belum mengetahui prospek tanaman iles-iles, sehingga belum tertarik untuk membudidayakannya. Ketersediaan bahan baku secara kontiyu tentu saja memerlukan bahan tanam yang tidak sedikit. Untuk menyediakan benih tanaman iles-iles, perbanyakan dapat dilakukan secara konvensional dan secara in vitro. Secara konvensional perbanyakan menggunakan umbi batang merupakan cara yang lebih praktis dibandingkan bulbil, biji atau stek daun. Pada kultur in vitro, penggunaan tangkai daun (petiol) paling efisien dibandingkan eksplan lainnya. Media multipikasi tunas terbaik adalah Media MS yang diberi kombinasi Thidiazuron (0,2 mg/1) dan Benzylaminopurine (0,5 mg/1). Jumlah tunas yang didapatkan melalui kultur in vitro jauh lebih banyak (37 tunas) dibandingkan perbanyakan konvensional yang hanya menghasilkan 1 tunas. Untuk perakaran, media terbaik menggunakan MS yang diberi IBA 1,0 mg/l. Informasi perbanyakan iles-iles secara konvensional dan kultur in vitro serta stategi pengembangannya diharapkan dapat membantu mengatasi masalah ketersedian benih. ABSTRACT Iles-iles (Amorphophallus spp.) belongs to the taro family, which has gained increasing attention due to its nutritional content for functional food materials. The economic value of Iles-iles lies in the glucomannan content that is a hemicellulose type polysaccharide compound that is hydrocolloid, water soluble, low in calories, and free of gluten. Additionally, iles-iles is also potential for industry. However, sustainability in iles-iles supply is one main problem due to its long life cycle and its potential is not yet known among farmers and communities hence lack of interest in cultivating. Thus, providing sufficient planting materials is required which can be achieved through propagation, both conventionally and nonconventionally using in vitro culture. Conventional propagation using stem tubers is more practical than bulbates, seeds or leaf cuttings. In in vitro culture, previous studies on several explants found that the use of petiol is most efficient compared with other explants. The best media for multiplication is combination of thidiazuron (0.2 mg/1) and Benzylaminopurine (0.5 mg/1). The number of shoots obtained through in vitro is much more (37 shoots ) than conventional propagation which only produced 1 shoot. For rooting, the best medium is MS which is given IBA 1.0 mg / l. Information on conventional propagation of iles-iles and in vitro culture and it development strategies are expected to help solving the problem of seed availability.

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