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KONVERSI LIMBAH TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT MENJADI GLUKOSA DENGAN PROSES HIDROTERMAL TANPA MELALUI PROSES PRETREATMENT - (Conversion of Waste Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunches into Glucose using Hydrothermal Process without Pretreatment) Sarwono, Rakhman; Hariyanto, Arief; Puspitadewi, Rizka; Kurniawan, Hendris Hendarsyah; Fatah, Sulaiman
Biopropal Industri Vol 7, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Pontianak

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Abstract

Palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB) is a waste from palm oil industry and commonly used as compost for soil breeding. EFB could be hydrolized into glucose using hydrothermal process with hydrochloric acid as catalyst.  Eight gram of EFB in particle sizes (–30+40) mesh were hydrolyzed with HCl 10% 80 mL in a tube reactor. Reaction time were 2, 3 and 4 hours in temperature range 140-240oC. EFB decomposition did not increase despite of higher temperature while reaction time influenced the process significantly. EFB conversion was 47% in 4 hours and 240oC while in 3 hours resulted 34% same with 2 hours in 210oC. EFB decomposition did not influence glucose yield which was 23% in 2 hours  170oC, 24% in 3 hours 160oC and 6% in 4 hours 150oC. The optimum conditions of conversion were 2 and 3 hours with temperature range 150-170oC.Keywords: conversion, EFB, glucose, hydrothermal, pretreatment ABSTRAKLimbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan hasil samping dari industri minyak sawit dan terdapat dalam jumlah banyak. Sampai saat ini belum termanfaatkan dengan baik, biasanya dipakai sebagai kompos untuk pemuliaan tanah perkebunan sawit. Persentase TKKS sebesar 23% dari tandan buah segar (TBS) dengan komponen utama berupa selulosa, hemi-selulosa dan lignin. TKKS bisa dihidrolisis menjadi gula atau glukosa dengan proses hidrotermal menggunakan katalis asam klorida. TKKS  seberat 8 g dengan ukuran partikel (–30+40) mesh dikonversi secara hidrotermal pada reaktor tabung dengan penambahan 80 ml HCl 10% sebagai katalis, waktu reaksi 2, 3 dan 4 jam, suhu reaksi dari 120–240oC. Proses peruraian TKKS tidak menunjukkan kenaikan yang berarti walaupun suhu reaksi semakin tinggi. Waktu reaksi memberi pengaruh yang lebih besar terhadap peruraian TKKS dimana peruraian paling tinggi sebesar 47% pada suhu 240oC dan waktu reaksi 4 jam. Pada waktu reaksi 3 jam dihasilkan peruraian TKKS paling tinggi sebesar 34%, sama dengan hasil pada waktu 2 jam dan suhu 210oC.  Glukosa yang dihasilkan tidak seiring dengan TKKS yang terurai. Pada waktu reaksi 2 jam dan suhu reaksi 170oC dihasilkan glukosa sebesar 23% sedangkan pada waktu reaksi 3 jam dengan suhu reaksi 160oC dihasilkan glukosa paling tinggi 24% dan pada waktu reaksi 4 jam dengan suhu 150oC dihasilkan glukosa sebesar 6%. Kondisi terbaik untuk mendapatkan jumlah glukosa paling banyak yaitu pada waktu reaksi antara 2 dan 3 jam dengan suhu antara 150 dan 170oC.Kata kunci: glukosa, hidrotermal, konversi, pretreatment, TKKS
EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN ADDITION INTO INTAKE AIR ON THE HYDROCARBON EMISSION OF GASOLINE ENGINES AT COLD START CONDITION Hariyanto, Arief; Arismunandar, Wiranto; Engel, Gerard George
Mesin Vol 22, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Mesin

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Abstract

Start process, particularly cold start condition is considered important to be focused in terms of emission reduction due to high unburned hydrocarbon (HC) concentration in the exhaust gas. Several methods have been proposed and implemented for reducing exhaust gas emission during starting condition. In this paper will be discussed the addition of hydrogen into intake air in order to reduce the level of HC emission during cold start condition. Using this method, the combustion process during starting will be improved to produce better combustion. This paper describes an experiment conducted to find the optimal amount of hydrogen added on start process at various coolant temperatures, which is effective to reduce the total HC concentration at each start temperature, respectively. The results show that the HC concentration in the exhaust gas is influenced by the temperature of engine and can be reduced significantly by hydrogen addition into intake air.
PENGARUH PERUBAHAN TEMPERATUR AIR PENDINGIN TERHADAP SAAT PENYALAAN PADA MOTOR BENSIN Zaenuri, Tri Yuswidjajanto; Hariyanto, Arief; Yanto, Harki Apri
Mesin Vol 18, No 1 (2003)
Publisher : Mesin

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Abstract

This paper contains the testing of a spark ignition engine to observe the influence of the engine temperature variation on the ignition timing. The engine temperature of Toyota 7K equipped with EFI self developed by LMBSP is varied and the performance test is conducted over the variations of load and rpm, which simulate the real condition on the road. The aim of the experiments is to yield the ignition timing which produces the optimum performance at any load condition.