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KONVERSI LIMBAH TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT MENJADI GLUKOSA DENGAN PROSES HIDROTERMAL TANPA MELALUI PROSES PRETREATMENT - (Conversion of Waste Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunches into Glucose using Hydrothermal Process without Pretreatment) Sarwono, Rakhman; Hariyanto, Arief; Puspitadewi, Rizka; Kurniawan, Hendris Hendarsyah; Fatah, Sulaiman
Biopropal Industri Vol 7, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Pontianak

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Palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB) is a waste from palm oil industry and commonly used as compost for soil breeding. EFB could be hydrolized into glucose using hydrothermal process with hydrochloric acid as catalyst.Â Eight gram of EFB in particle sizes (â30+40) mesh were hydrolyzed with HCl 10% 80 mL in a tube reactor. Reaction time were 2, 3 and 4 hours in temperature range 140-240oC. EFB decomposition did not increase despite of higher temperature while reaction time influenced the process significantly. EFB conversion was 47% in 4 hours and 240oC while in 3 hours resulted 34% same with 2 hours in 210oC. EFB decomposition did not influence glucose yield which was 23% in 2 hours Â 170oC, 24% in 3 hours 160oC and 6% in 4 hours 150oC. The optimum conditions of conversion were 2 and 3 hours with temperature range 150-170oC.Keywords: conversion, EFB, glucose, hydrothermal, pretreatmentÂ ABSTRAKLimbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan hasil samping dari industri minyak sawit dan terdapat dalam jumlah banyak. Sampai saat ini belum termanfaatkan dengan baik, biasanya dipakai sebagai kompos untuk pemuliaan tanah perkebunan sawit. Persentase TKKS sebesar 23% dari tandan buah segar (TBS) dengan komponen utama berupa selulosa, hemi-selulosa dan lignin. TKKS bisa dihidrolisis menjadi gula atau glukosa dengan proses hidrotermal menggunakan katalis asam klorida. TKKSÂ seberat 8 g dengan ukuran partikel (â30+40) mesh dikonversi secara hidrotermal pada reaktor tabung dengan penambahan 80 ml HCl 10% sebagai katalis, waktu reaksi 2, 3 dan 4 jam, suhu reaksi dari 120â240oC. Proses peruraian TKKS tidak menunjukkan kenaikan yang berarti walaupun suhu reaksi semakin tinggi. Waktu reaksi memberi pengaruh yang lebih besar terhadap peruraian TKKS dimana peruraian paling tinggi sebesar 47% pada suhu 240oC dan waktu reaksi 4 jam. Pada waktu reaksi 3 jam dihasilkan peruraian TKKS paling tinggi sebesar 34%, sama dengan hasil pada waktu 2 jam dan suhu 210oC.Â Glukosa yang dihasilkan tidak seiring dengan TKKS yang terurai. Pada waktu reaksi 2 jam dan suhu reaksi 170oC dihasilkan glukosa sebesar 23% sedangkan pada waktu reaksi 3 jam dengan suhu reaksi 160oC dihasilkan glukosa paling tinggi 24% dan pada waktu reaksi 4 jam dengan suhu 150oC dihasilkan glukosa sebesar 6%. Kondisi terbaik untuk mendapatkan jumlah glukosa paling banyak yaitu pada waktu reaksi antara 2 dan 3 jam dengan suhu antara 150 dan 170oC.Kata kunci: glukosa, hidrotermal, konversi, pretreatment, TKKS

Strategi Pengelolaan Kawasan Industri Cilegon Menuju Eco Industrial Park Sulaiman, Fatah; Saefuddin, Asep; Zain, Alinda FM
Journal of Regional and City Planning Vol 19, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Center for Research and Community Services ITB

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The purpose of this study is to formulate strategies and to develop appropriate scenario for the management of an industrial area towards Eco Industrial Park. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used as the analytical method. Industrial actors in an industrial area can jointly improve environmental, economic, and social performance, through the minimization of environmental impact and also has the ability to make products with competitive advantage in the market, based on the results of gap analysis between existing conditions and the ideal concept and Eco Industrial Park benchmarking. The analysis and interviews with several experts showed that, in the industrial estate management of the Eco Industrial Park, the most important objective that needs be achieved is environmental and ecological sustainability.

Kompatibilitas Sintering dan Fraksi Volume Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Komposit Hybrid: Compatibility of Sintering and volume fraction on Hybrid Composite Mechanical Properties Agus Pramono; Adhitya Trenggono; Fatah Sulaiman
Jurnal Metalurgi dan Material Indonesia Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): April
Publisher : Badan Kerja Sama Pendidikan Metalurgi dan Material (BKPMM)

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Composite is a combination of two or more of element materials to produce a characteristic that is better than the basic material. The use of two or more elements in the composition of composite materials (Hybrid composite) is expected to combine the properties of each element such as Aluminum which has good elasticity and zinc has good corrosion resistance, graphite has high hardness, and the use of magnesium which is a wettability on good of coupling agent so that the alloy can be used to combine a combination of superior properties in the form of high strength at room temperature, formability and high corrosion resistance. Powder metallurgical technology is very suitable to be applied for the use of more than two elements in the manufacturing of composite materials, because the compressibility of the powder is able to be combined with emphasis and heating, with the use of suitable temperatures. The pressure used is using 200-500 bar on press machine with variations of temperature were 400°C, 450°C and 500°C and variations in volume fraction: 40% Al, 20% Zn, 30% C, 10% Mg: 35% Al, 25% Zn, 30% C, 10% Mg dan 30% Al 30%, Zn, 30% C, 10% Mg. The results of study obtained ideal temperature 400°C, because at this temperature, zinc does not melt, resulting in a bond between the combined elements. At temperatures above 400°C zinc melts and causes a decrease in the mechanical properties of the material. The temperature compatibility of sintering with volume fraction of 35% Al, 25% Zn, 30% C, 10% Mg is able to produce a solid phase in zinc as a matrix with aluminum, the product reaction from composite Al-Zn-C-Mg hybrids which are scattered Al12Mg17 among composite formed phases resulting from powder metallurgy of technology

Strategi Pengelolaan Kawasan Industri Cilegon Menuju Eco Industrial Park Fatah Sulaiman; Asep Saefuddin; Alinda FM Zain
Journal of Regional and City Planning Vol. 19 No. 2 (2008)
Publisher : The Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

The purpose of this study is to formulate strategies and to develop appropriate scenario for the management of an industrial area towards Eco Industrial Park. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used as the analytical method. Industrial actors in an industrial area can jointly improve environmental, economic, and social performance, through the minimization of environmental impact and also has the ability to make products with competitive advantage in the market, based on the results of gap analysis between existing conditions and the ideal concept and Eco Industrial Park benchmarking. The analysis and interviews with several experts showed that, in the industrial estate management of the Eco Industrial Park, the most important objective that needs be achieved is environmental and ecological sustainability.

Penilaian risiko penyimpanan produk bahan berbahaya dan beracun (B3) dengan pendekatan HIRA, FTA, dan 6S Asep Ridwan; Fatah Sulaiman; Dyah Lintang Trenggonowati; Jessica Dewi Marbun
Jurnal Teknika Vol 15, No 2 (2019): Edisi November 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36055/tjst.v15i2.6449

Kota Cilegon merupakan pusat industri petrokimia terbesar di Indonesia. Produk akhir yang diproduksi oleh industri petrokimia tersebut tentu banyak mengandung Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun (B3). Dalam penyimpanan produk jenis B3 di setiap industri, peluang terjadinya potensi bahaya seperti kebakaran, ledakan, keracunan, iritasi, dan sebagainya, dapat membahayakan para pekerja di industri tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan penilaian risiko dalam penyimpanan produk B3 dengan pendekatan HIRA (Hazard Identification and Risk Assesment), FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) dan 6S (Sort, Set in Order, Shine, Standardize, Sustain, Safety). Studi kasus dilakukan pada industri kimia dan petrokimia yang memproduksi B3 di Kota Cilegon. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik penyebaran kuesioner, wawancara, dan observasi langsung di industri. Hasil penilaian risiko dengan pendekatn HIRA menunjukkan ada 5 industri dengan nilai risiko tinggi dengan sebaran: zona I terdapat 1 industri; zona II terdapat 3 industri; dan zona II terdapat 1 industri. Ada 4 industri dengan produk B3 berupa gas mendapat nilai risiko sebesar 60 dan 1 industri dengan produk B3 berupa Metanol mendapat nilai risiko sebesar 50. Berdasarkan FTA, faktor penyebab kegagalan gas dan Metanol berupa kebakaran dari ledakan tabungnya karena adanya korosi ekternal pada tabung, pekerja lalai, dan tabung terpapar panas yang tinggi. Strategi mitigasi risiko dengan 6S untuk penyimpanan produk B3 berupa gas Metano diantaranya: menjaga suhu dan kelembaban udara gudang penyimpanan gas dan Metanol; membersihkan tabung gas dan Metanol dan lantai gudang penyimpanan; pelatihan K3 bagi pekerja secara rutin dan intensif; dan sebagainya.

KONVERSI LIMBAH TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT MENJADI GLUKOSA DENGAN PROSES HIDROTERMAL TANPA MELALUI PROSES PRETREATMENT - (Conversion of Waste Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunches into Glucose using Hydrothermal Process without Pretreatment) Rakhman Sarwono; Arief Hariyanto; Rizka Puspitadewi; Hendris Hendarsyah Kurniawan; Sulaiman Fatah
Biopropal Industri Vol 7, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Pontianak

Palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB) is a waste from palm oil industry and commonly used as compost for soil breeding. EFB could be hydrolized into glucose using hydrothermal process with hydrochloric acid as catalyst. Eight gram of EFB in particle sizes (–30+40) mesh were hydrolyzed with HCl 10% 80 mL in a tube reactor. Reaction time were 2, 3 and 4 hours in temperature range 140-240oC. EFB decomposition did not increase despite of higher temperature while reaction time influenced the process significantly. EFB conversion was 47% in 4 hours and 240oC while in 3 hours resulted 34% same with 2 hours in 210oC. EFB decomposition did not influence glucose yield which was 23% in 2 hours 170oC, 24% in 3 hours 160oC and 6% in 4 hours 150oC. The optimum conditions of conversion were 2 and 3 hours with temperature range 150-170oC.Keywords: conversion, EFB, glucose, hydrothermal, pretreatment ABSTRAKLimbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan hasil samping dari industri minyak sawit dan terdapat dalam jumlah banyak. Sampai saat ini belum termanfaatkan dengan baik, biasanya dipakai sebagai kompos untuk pemuliaan tanah perkebunan sawit. Persentase TKKS sebesar 23% dari tandan buah segar (TBS) dengan komponen utama berupa selulosa, hemi-selulosa dan lignin. TKKS bisa dihidrolisis menjadi gula atau glukosa dengan proses hidrotermal menggunakan katalis asam klorida. TKKS seberat 8 g dengan ukuran partikel (–30+40) mesh dikonversi secara hidrotermal pada reaktor tabung dengan penambahan 80 ml HCl 10% sebagai katalis, waktu reaksi 2, 3 dan 4 jam, suhu reaksi dari 120–240oC. Proses peruraian TKKS tidak menunjukkan kenaikan yang berarti walaupun suhu reaksi semakin tinggi. Waktu reaksi memberi pengaruh yang lebih besar terhadap peruraian TKKS dimana peruraian paling tinggi sebesar 47% pada suhu 240oC dan waktu reaksi 4 jam. Pada waktu reaksi 3 jam dihasilkan peruraian TKKS paling tinggi sebesar 34%, sama dengan hasil pada waktu 2 jam dan suhu 210oC. Glukosa yang dihasilkan tidak seiring dengan TKKS yang terurai. Pada waktu reaksi 2 jam dan suhu reaksi 170oC dihasilkan glukosa sebesar 23% sedangkan pada waktu reaksi 3 jam dengan suhu reaksi 160oC dihasilkan glukosa paling tinggi 24% dan pada waktu reaksi 4 jam dengan suhu 150oC dihasilkan glukosa sebesar 6%. Kondisi terbaik untuk mendapatkan jumlah glukosa paling banyak yaitu pada waktu reaksi antara 2 dan 3 jam dengan suhu antara 150 dan 170oC.Kata kunci: glukosa, hidrotermal, konversi, pretreatment, TKKS

Comparison of the mechanical properties of four-layer epoxy composite reinforced with natural jute fibers and symmetrical e-glass synthetic fibers Rahmat Firman Septiyanto; Hanif Akbar Dawam Abdullah; Isriyanti Affifah; Fatah Sulaiman; Syamsul Hidayat; Rahmat Awaludin Salam
Gravity : Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Pembelajaran Fisika Vol 6, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

ABSTRACTResearch that produces environmentally friendly products continues to be developing. Research related to the natural fiber jute material and epoxy matrix has done. Epoxy composite jute empowered do with the preparation of symmetry with four layers of fiber volume fraction of 27.89% and composite epoxy e-glass Fiber empowered four balance with 28.86% fiber volume fraction. Mechanical testing is done via Drag test to determine the tensile strength and stretch. From the analysis, it's finding that the tensile strength of the symmetry jute fiber reinforced epoxy tensile strength was 48,378 MPa, and the strain was 11,998%. Meanwhile, the tensile strength and pressure in empowered epoxy e-glass fiber symmetry of four layers, each for 95.516 MPa and 7.7032%. Characterization has also been carried out through SEM testing. The results show that e-glass fiber fractures can still be seen as regular and tend to be straight and flat rods compared to symmetrical fiber-reinforced jute composite epoxy composites whose fibers are irregular. So that shows that the strength of the epoxy composite reinforced e-glass fiber is very large compared to the strength of the four-layer jute fiber-reinforced epoxy composite symmetry.

Characteristics of Hybrid Composite from Hydroxyapatite/Metal Powder and Ceramic Agus Pramono; Fatah Sulaiman; Alfirano Alfirano; Suryana Suryana; Anistasia Milandia
VANOS Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education Vol 5, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30870/vanos.v5i2.8931

Milkfish bones/chanos-chanos forsk (CCF) contain of 4% calcium, 3% phosphorus, and 32% protein. CCF is heated at certain temperatures (500-7000C) then can be turned into hydroxyapatite (HAp) as a biomaterial application. The selection of materials in accordance by HAp is aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg) and titanium (Ti). Al is one of the non-ferrous metals with very wide applications. It has specific properties such as; being light weight, ductile and a lower melting point compared to many other common engineering materials. The combining some of metals by HAp, is a composite material term, which is currently the latest development for processing various elements of different materials. Processing of composite for multi-alloy materials, requires a complex process in resulting of products, both in terms of parameters and process variables. Self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) is a relatively novel and simple method for making certain advanced composites and intermetallic compounds. The SHS method is very suitable to be used as a composite multi-alloy material processing because it has a series of processes capable of producing strong bonds between the elements combined, such as HAp, Al, Mg and Ti. The HAp material from milkfish bones was combined by several metal materials such as Al, Mg and Ti. The use of this material is expected to improve mechanical properties especially eliminating fragility in composite materials. Variation of composition on hybrid composites consist of 3 types: (hybrid composites). There are three combinations of compositions in hybrid composite manufacturing, namely: 80% HAp; 10% Al; 5% Mg; 5% Ti, 80% HAp; 10% Al; 5% Mg; 5% Cu and 80% HAp; 10% Al; 5% Mg; 5% SiC. Characterization carried out ware mechanical and microstructure to determine the properties of hybrid composites, from the values obtained can be recommended for biomaterial applications

The Effect of Temperature and Time of Gasification Process and The Addition of Catalyst to The Composition of The Combustible Gas from The Wastes of Tobacco Leaves With Gasifier Updraft Fatah Sulaiman; Endang Suhendi; Nindya Prastuti; Okta Abdul Choir
FLYWHEEL : Jurnal Teknik Mesin Untirta Volume V Nomor 1, April 2019
Publisher : Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36055/fwl.v0i0.4821

The increasing industrial production is causing more of energy consumption needed. Tobacco leaves are waste from cigarette production that can be use as alternative biomass energy to solve the problems of the energy crisis in the near future. Gasification is the conversion of solid carbon raw materials from biomass by the partial oxidation to be combustible gas (CO, H2, and CH4) as an energy source. This research uses the fixed-bed reactor with capacity of 300 grams by the flow of updraft and raw material of waste tobacco leaves that have a size -14 + 18 mesh. The influence of temperature was research on 700 oC, 800 oC, and 900 oC with the reaction time for 20 minutes and the addition of a catalyst K2CO3. gasification medium used air and steam with the constant flow rate 0.504 m3/hour air and 0.0555 kg/minutes steam. Step of the process with the preparation of raw materials, the gasification process, and analysis of gas products. The result of the gasification process analysed using the gas chromatography, and the best results were obtained on the temperature 700 oC in the process time for 10 minutes produced combustible gas are CO = 22.82 % v, H2 = 26.82 % v, CH4 = 7.09 % v. increasing production gas happened when a catalyst K2CO3 is added, the producting of combustible gasses are CO = 52.76 % v, H2 = 23.46 % v, CH4, = 3.23 % v

Pemanfataan Abu Ampas Tebu dan Polimer Alam Lateks sebagai Bahan Subtitusi Pembuatan Beton Polimer Ramah Lingkungan Fatah Sulaiman
FLYWHEEL : Jurnal Teknik Mesin Untirta Volume V Nomor 2, Oktober 2019
Publisher : Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36055/fwl.v1i1.6419

Beton adalah suatu campuran yang terdiri dari pasir, kerikil atau agregat lain yang dicampur menjadi satu dengan suatu pasta yang terbuat dari semen dan air membentuk suatu massa mirip batuan. Selama ini, bahan baku pembuatan beton yang didapat dari alam semakin menurun yang disebabkan adanya ekploitasi sehingga diperlukan sumber alternatif sebagai substitusi yang diperoleh dari banyaknya percobaan yang dilakukan, seperti abu ampas tebu untuk subtitusi semen dan lateks untuk subtitusi air. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memanfaatkan limbah abu ampas tebu, serta mengetahui komposisi optimum abu ampas tebu dan lateks untuk pembentukan beton. Prosedur awal dari penelitian ini dimulai dari preparasi abu ampas tebu dengan cara dibakar untuk mendapatkan kandungan SiO2, melakukan uji lengket abu ampas tebu dengan semen, pelaksanaan pembuatan beton dengan mencampurkan bahan – bahan berupa pasir, semen, batu kerikil, air, abu ampas tebu dan lateks, beton yang didapat diuji kuat tekannya. Kondisi optimum terdapat pada campuran lateks 10% dan abu ampas tebu 10% dengan nilai kuat tekan 23,00 Mpa. Nilai kuat tekan tersebut mengacu pada SNI 03-1974-1990 kualitas K-277 dimana beton termasuk dalam beton normal struktural untuk aplikasi pembangunan dua lantai.

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