Kuntoro Kuntoro
Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Airlangga

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Dampak Biaya Laboratorium Terhadap Kesenjangan Tarif INA-CBGs dan Biaya Riil Diagnosis Leukemia Diah Indriani; Hari Kusnanto; Ali Ghufron Mukti; Kuntoro Kuntoro
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional Vol. 7 No. 10 Mei 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (248.748 KB) | DOI: 10.21109/kesmas.v7i10.2

Abstract

Selama penerapan Diagnosis Related Group di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) Dr. Sardjito, terjadi kesenjangan tarif biaya riil pelayanan kesehatan dengan tarif Indonesia Case Base Groups (INA-CBGs). Penyebab terbesar kesenjangan tarif tersebut adalah pelayanan obat dan penggunaan sumber daya laboratorium yang tidak efisien. Biaya pelayanan penunjang medis untuk pasien leukemia limfoblastik akut adalah sekitar 23,8% dari total biaya pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat efisiensi penggunan sumber daya laboratorium dan pengaruh terhadap kesenjangan tarif. Penelitian ini menganalisis semua rekam medis dan data biaya pelayanan laboratorium pasien leukemia limfoblastik akut tahun 2009 _ 2010 di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. Pemeriksaan kimia klinik menunjukkan pola pasien yang semakin parah, proporsi biaya pemeriksaan kimia klinik semakin rendah. Kondisi ini juga terjadi pada pemeriksaan radiologi, urine dan tinja rutin. Sementara pada pemeriksaan hematologi, mikrobiologi, dan imunologi/serologi menunjukkan pola semakin parah pasien maka semakin tinggi proporsi biaya pemeriksaan. Analisis regresi menemukan pemeriksaan kimia klinik meliputi mikrobiologi darah, ureum, magnesium, creatine kinase MB (blood) menyebabkan kesenjangan tarif semakin meningkat atau rumah sakit semakin dirugikan. Model regresi linier ini mempunyai nilai R2 sebesar 0,834 dengan nilai F = 84,475 (P < 0,05). Ketidakefisienan penggunaan sumber daya laboratorium pada pemeriksaan kimia klinik terdapat pada kelompok pasien tingkat keparahan ringan. Problems occurred during the implementation of Diagnosis Related Group in Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta. There was gap price between the real cost of health care and Indonesia Case Base Groups (INA-CBGs) cost. The cause of the gap price was drug delivery and use of laboratory resources inefficiently. Cost of medical support services for acute lymphoblactic leukemia patients about 23.8% of the total cost of health care. This study aimed to analyze efficiency of the use of laboratory resources and their effect to discrepancy of price.This study analyzed all medical records and laboratory services cost data in 2009 _ 2010 acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients at Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta. Clinical chemistry test showed a pattern of more severe patients, the lower the percentage of clinical chemistry fees. This condition also occurs in radiological, urine test, and stool. While the test of hematology, microbiology and immunology/serology showed a pattern, the more severe the patient, the higher the percentage of the cost of the test. The results of the regression analysis showed that the more higher cost of clinical chemistry test (blood microbiology, urea, magnesium, creatine kinase MB (blood)) the higher discrepanct of price which causes the hospital getting harmed. Linear regression model has a value of determination coeficient 0.834 with a value of F = 84.475 (P < 0.05). Inefficiency of resource use in the test of clinical chemistry laboratory located on the mild severity of the patient group.
Analisis Ketenagakerjaan di Provinsi Jawa Timur Argus Baskoro; Kuntoro Kuntoro
Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan (Journal of Biometrics and Population) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2017): JURNAL BIOMETRIKA DAN KEPENDUDUKAN
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (4613.402 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/jbk.v6i2.2017.106-114

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the labor force, labor force participation rate, and employment opportunities in East Java. The method used is the observation of secondary data from the Planning and Development Agencies of East Java (BAPPEDA JATIM) and also the central website of the National Bureau of Statistic (BPS). Then, data is analyzed and processed using Spectrum software. The result of labor force data analysis shows that the city of Surabaya is the region with the largest labor force that is 1.336.932 people, while the city of Mojokerto has the lowest number of labor force is 61.459 inhabitants. The total labor force in an area is affected by the number of indigenous peoples and the rate of urbanization, which residents hope to obtain better education and employment. The highest labor force participation rate was found in Pacitan district area of 83%, while the lowest was Probolinggo district at 63%. The highest employment data analysis result is found Surabaya city with the number of 1.245.542 job opportunities. Some of the factors that affect employment opportunities include the economic conditions of an area, population growth rate, resource quality, the amount of income, and age structure of the population.
Perbandingan Hasil Peramalan Jumlah Kasus HIV Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin di Kota Malang dengan Metode Exponential Smoothing Afrian Eskartya Harjono; Kuntoro Kuntoro
Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan (Journal of Biometrics and Population) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2017): JURNAL BIOMETRIKA DAN KEPENDUDUKAN
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (4699.309 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/jbk.v6i1.2017.9-16

Abstract

Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV is still one of the most serious problems especially in developing countries. This study used HIV cases that recorded in Health Departement of Malang City, East Java, as one of the variables to determine the forecasting results using Exponential Smoothing. Goals from this study was for showed the results of forecasting with Exponential smoothing method’s that hoped could be a consideration to HIV prevention’s program.This study was a non reactive research using secondary data of male and female HIV cases from January 2012 to December 2016 as a variable that would show the results of forecasting. The result of forecasting with single exponential smoothing method on parameter value α=0.5 for male HIV cases and α = 0.6 for female HIV cases. The accuracy value in this forecasting can be seen on MAPE value at parameter α = 0.5 is 27.87 for male HIV cases and parameter α = 0.6 is 47.06 for female HIV cases. The results of the forecast could be concluded that in 2017 the number of HIV cases in man and woman were totally increased from the last years, need to arrange a suitable programs that which aim to resolve the problem.
Psychological Respons (Anxiety And Depression) and Biological Respons (Cortisol, Ifn-Γ And Tnf-Α) in Ischemic Stroke Patients by Home Care Holistic Model Approach Luluk Widarti; Moh. Hasan Mahfoed; Kuntoro Kuntoro; Ketut Sudiana
Jurnal Ners Vol. 7 No. 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (304.55 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/jn.v7i1.3993

Abstract

Introduction: The patient with stroke often experience on psychological disorder such as anxiety and depression that lead to biologycal aspects such as on cytokin. The objective of the study was to analyse the corelation between psychological respons (anxiety and depression) and biological respons (cortisol, ifn-γ dan tnf-α) in ischemic stroke patients by home care holistic model approach.Method: This study applied an experimental research with quasy experimental design. The study was conducted in the area of Surabaya by selecting ischemic stroke patients after being hospitalised at ”A-Seruni room, Medic IRNA, Dr. Soetomo hospital”. A sample of size 40 was patients divided equally into two groups, control and treatment groups. The treatment and control groups respectively received holistic home care and home care. The depression and anxiety level were measured by using questionnaires and observation technique, while Cortisol level, IFN-γ and TNF-α levels were measured by using ELISA quantitative technique. The data was analyzed by using Levene’s test for homogeneity of variance, t-test and correlation test.Result: The statistical analysis shows there was a significant difference between psychological response in control group after intervension with p = 0.000 for anxiety, and p = 0.000 for depression. For biological response, there is a significant difference p = 0.007 for cortisol and p = 0.000 for TNF-α. However, there is no significant difference in IFN-γ with p = 0.425. The correlation test result shows there was signi fi cant correlations between anxiety and biological responses such as Cortisol with r = 0.724 and p = 0.038; IFN-γ with r = 0.475 and p = 0.034; TNF-α with r = 0.592 and p = 0.006. Furthermore, there was positive correlation between depression and biological responses such as Cortisol with r = 0.705 and p = 0.033; IFN-γ with r = 0.454 and p = 0.044, TNF-α with r = 0.561 and p = 0.010.Conclusion: Holistic home care could improve the psychological responses by decreasing anxiety and depression level and also could improve biological responses by decreasing Cortisol, IFN-γ and TNF-α level in ischemic stroke patients.