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Improvement of feed efficiency using protected-energy in the ration of ewes I-W Mathius; Dwi Yulistiani; E Wina; B Haryanto; A Wilson; A Thalib
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 6, No 1 (2001): MARCH 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

High producing ewes required high amounts of energy, which can not be met through feeding conventional ration. Therefore, supplementing energy should be done, especially protected-energy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of additional of protected fat/energy on the consumption of ration and the performance of ewes and lambs. Thirty-four local ewes were randomly allotted to four levels of by-pass energy groups, in which parts of energy content in the concentrate was replaced with rumen-protected fatty acids in the proportion of 0 (R1), 5 (R2), 10 (R3), and 20% (R4). Consumption, nutrient digestibility and animal performance (ewes and lambs) were determined by standard procedures. Results showed that the daily dry matter intake during pregnancy (g/kg BW0.75) did not differ among diet (72.1 + 2.56). The crude fibre intake varied slightly between treatment (P>0.05), those being slightly lower intake on the highest replacement of energy content in concentrate diet (R4). Dry matter digestibility were 52.4 + 0.24, 52.1 + 0.30; 51.8 +0.28; and 51.3 + 0.81 in groups R1, R2, R3, and R4, respectively, which were non-significantly different from each other. These results confirmed that the by-pass energy sources replacements did not affect rumen fermentation. The same tendency was also found for crude protein digestibility (P>0.05) i.e. 60.1; 61.8; 61.2; and 60.2 for R1, R2, R3, and R4 respectively. The average daily gain of ewes during gestation period was affected (P<0.05) by by-pass energy replacement and the effect was linear with increasing by-pass energy replacement. Significant difference was not found in the total birth weight of lambs and among dietary treatments. Lambs growth rate during the first 8 week of lactation was the highest on ewes fed diet containing the highest amount of by-pass energy sources (R4). It can be concluded that by-pass fatty acids can be used in ewes’ ration without affecting rumen fermentation and gave a positive respons to animal performance. Key words: By-pass energy, ewes ration, gestation and lactating phase

The use of in vitro gas production technique to evaluate molasses supplementation to mulberry (morus alba) and rice straw mixed diets Dwi Yulistiani; Z.A Jelan; J.B Liang; H Yaakub; N Abdullah
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 12, No 4 (2007): DECEMBER 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Mulberry foliages have high nutritive value (protein content, digestibility and degradability), therefore it is potential to be used as a supplement to poor quality roughages. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of addition of fermentable energy in the mixed of mulberry and rice straw basal diet. A control diet consisted of either rice straw (RS) or urea treated rice straw mixed with mulberry foliage (URS) with ratio of 60 : 40%. Treatment was formulated by supplementation of control diet with molasses (as sources of fermentable energy) at 3 levels (5, 10 and 15%). The study was conducted in a 2 x 4 factorial experiment, consisted of 2 levels rice straw (untreated and urea treated) and 4 levels molasses supplementation (control and 3 levels for molasses). Diets were evaluated using in vitro gas production. The fermentation kinetics was determined from the incubation of 200 mg sample during 96 hours. The calculation of the kinetics based on exponential equation P = A+ B (1-e-ct). A shorter gas production test was carried out to determine truly degradable fermented substrates (in vitro true organic matter degradability/IVTOMD) by incubating 500 mg of samples 24 hours. The result showed that there was no significant interaction between rice straw treatment and molasses supplementation on fermentation characteristics, in vitro true dry matter digestibility, fermented substrate and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production. However there was a significant interaction between rice straw treatment on partitioning factor (PF), gas produced, propionic acid production and ratio between acetic acid and propionic acid. Molasses supplementation significantly (P<0.05) decreased gas production and ratio of acetic to propionic acid, and increase PF, propionic acid production in untreated rice straw mulberry (RSM) basal diet. It is concluded that molasses supplementation to RSM diet decreased gas production and ratio of C2/C3, and increased PF and propionic acid production. Key Words: Mulberry Foliage, Molasses, Rice Straw, In Vitro Gas Production

Cacao pod based ration supplemented with organic Zn: Growth responce on sheeps Wisri Puastuti; Dwi Yulistiani; I Wayan Mathius; Fransiscus Giyai; Elis Dihansih
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 15, No 4 (2010): DECEMBER 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Cacao pod can be used as feed to replace grass. The aims of study was to evaluate the growth response of sheep fed on cacao pod based rations to replace grass and supplemented with organic Zn. Fresh cacao pod was chopped to the size of 1-2 cm. In untreated cacao pod (without ammoniation), chopped cacao pod was dried then milled, while in ammoniated cacao pod, the chopped cacao pod was mixed with urea, 1.5% (w/w) and kept in anaerobic conditions for 7 days. After 7 days it was dried and milled. Both, without ammoniated and ammoniated cacao pod were used for ration formulation. The rations were formulated in iso protein and iso energy (16% CP and 70% TDN). The study used 25 male lambs Sumatera Composite breed at age 7-8 months old with average body weight 18.8 ± 2.86 kg. Experiments were conducted using a randomized block design with number of animal in each group was 5. Five treatment rations evaluated were: R = grass + concentrate (positive control); K = cacao pod + concentrate; KZ = cacao pod + concentrate + organic Zn; KU = cacao pod ammoniated + concentrate; KUZ = cacao pod ammoniated + concentrate + organic Zn. The treatment rations were offered for 10 weeks. The results showed that the consumption of cacao pod based rations was higher (P < 0.05) than the grass-basal ration (75.19 g/kg BW0,75 vs 70.22 g/kg BW0,75). Suplementation of Zn organic to ammoniated or untreated cacao pod resulted in no significant difference in DM, and CP intake. DM, OM, CP digestibility and N retention were relatively similar among the fifth rations from 53.13 to 63.91%, from 54.69 to 66.49%, from 66.0 to 79.28% and from 9.5 to 13.4 g/h respectively. R ration had similar NH3 levels with KU ration (21.57 mM vs 22.94 mM) but higher than the K, KZ and KUZ ration (16.45 mM, 16.62 mM and 13.61 mM). VFA concentration showed no difference among treatments (from 140.32 to 179.76 mM). Sheep fed ration R had similar ADG with K and KZ (92.19 g/h vs 83.13 g/h; 93.44 g/h) but higher than the ration KU and KZ (73.44 g/h and 61.72 g/h). From this study can be concluded that grass-based rations can be replaced by the cacao pod based rations supplemented with organic Zn and resulted in relatively similar ADG of 92.19 g/h vs 93.44 g/h. Key Words: Cacao Pod, Ammoniation, Organic Zn, Sheep

Production response of Etawah cross breed (PE) doe due to improvement of feeding management during late pregnancy and lactation period Dwi Yulistiani; I-W Mathius; I-K Sutama; Umi Adiati
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 4, No 2 (1999): JUNE 1999
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

An experiment was caried out to study the protein requirement for Etawah cross breed. Thirty Etawah cross breed does were used in this study (average body weight 37.6+3.5 kg) and randomized to obtain one of three treatments. The treatments were the protein content of concentrate supplement. The protein levels were R1 (CP 16%), R2 (CP 22%) and R3 (CP 26%). The concentrate supplements were offered during late pregnancy and early (first 3 months) lactation period. The study showed that dry matter intake during pregnancy and early lactation period was not affected by treatments. The highest average daily gain during late pregnancy reached by R3 (66.45 g/day) which was not significantly different with R2 (61.9 g/day) and R1 (48.8 g/day). The highest total birth weight per does was achieved by R2 (6.05 kg). Average daily milk production was not affected by treatment. The production at first week of lactation was 1,044.5 g/day and decreased to 466.7 g/day in week 11. R2 produced the highest average daily gain (107.8 g/day) preweaning per does, while R1 and R3 was 84 and 84.4 g/day, respectively. Key words : Etawah cross breed (PE), pregnancy period, lactation period, protein levels

Degradability of mulberry (Morus alba) and rice bran in the rumen of sheep fed different diets Dwi Yulistiani; Z.A Jelan; J.B Liang
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 13, No 4 (2008): DECEMBER 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

The experiment was conducted to investigate degradation of dry matter (DM) and protein of mulberry and rice bran when incubated in nylon bag in the rumen at different incubation times and different rumen environments of rumen-cannulated adult sheep. Three different rumen conditions were created by feeding the three rumen-cannulated sheep with urea-treated rice straw as basal diet and offered with three supplemental treatment diets on different source of energy and nitrogen. Mulberry, urea and rice bran were used as source of fermentable energy and protein. Treatments consisted of control diet mulberry and molasses (T0); 50% mulberry was replaced by rice bran and urea (T1); and 100% of mulberry was replaced with rice bran and urea (T2). The diets were formulated in iso protein and iso energy. Supplemental diets were offered at 1.2% BW. The study was conducted in three periods. For each period, the sheep was offered with one of three supplemental treatment diets. The nylon bags each, contains sample of either mulberrry or rice bran were incubated in the rumen of sheep at different incubation times in reverse order (48, 24, 12, 9, 6, and 3h). Degradation characteristic data were obtained by analyzing degradability data with the equation of p = a+b(1-e-ct) using Neway computer package. Data of degradation characteristic, degradability of DM and CP, DMI, rumen NH3-N and pH were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using a SAS software package. The results showed that the dry matter intake (DMI) and rumen pH were not significantly different between diets. The rumen ammonia concentration of T1 and T2 was significantly higher than that of T0. However, the rumen ammonia concentration was higher than that of critical value for rumen microbial synthesis (>5mg/100ml). The rate (c value) of DM degradability of mulberry and rice bran was affected by diet treaments, where T2 diet resulted in lower c of mulberry and rice bran. Only CP degradability of mulberry on the other hand was affected by diet treatments. But, both CP mulberry and rice bran had high degradability (>80% after 24 hs incubation) in all diet treatments. It is concluded that the three diets of this study were capable of creating the optimum condition for rumen fermentation. Supplementation of mulberry or urea-rice bran mixture had similar effect on protein degradability of rice bran. On the other hand, the rate of protein degradability of mulberry was reduced when it was incubated in the rumen of sheep fed urea rice bran mix supplement. Key Words: Mulberry, Rice Bran, Rumen Degradability, Sheep

Effect of processing on nutritive value of corn cobs: Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility Dwi Yulistiani; W Puastuti; E Wina; Supriati .
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 17, No 1 (2012): MARCH 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

One of the causes of in low productivity of ruminants in Indonesia is the lack of continual availability of high quality feed. Agriculture by-product such as corn cob is potential to be used as roughage for ruminants. However its nutrient quality is low; therefore, processing needs to be done to increase its nutrient quality. The objective of the study was to obtain technology which able to increase the nutritive value of corn corb. Corn cobs were ground to obtain corn grain size and then treated with one of six treatments. These treatments were (1). Urea treatment at the level 3% of DM corn cob, (2). Fermentation using Trichoderma viridae; (3). Combination of fermentation using T. viridae and urea at the level 0.5% DM, (4). Fermentation using Aspergilus niger, (5). Fermentation using A. niger and urea at the level of 0.5% DM and (6). Ensiling of corn cob. All treated samples were dried in an oven then were ground for chemical analyses and in vitro digestibility. The study was done using randomised completely design and the data was analyzed using SAS programe v6.1. Result shows that untreated corn cob had low quality nutritive value which was indicated by its low protein content (2.9%) and low in vitro digestibility (42.5%). All treatments could increase corn cob’s protein contents; the highest increase was on urea treatment and fermentation of corn cob using A. niger supplemented with urea (210 and 172% respectively). The in vitro digestibility was only significantly increased by urea treatment where its digestibility was increased by 43%. On the other hand, fermentation using A. niger either with or without urea supplementation increased neutral detergent fibre digestibility by 300% and 200%. In conclusion, nutritive value of a corn cob can be improved by urea treatment at the level of 3% or by fermentation using A. niger. Key Words: Corn Cob, Silage, Ammoniation, Fermentation

Preferences, digestibility and rumen fermentation characteristics of several mulberry species in goats Simon Petrus Ginting; Andi Tarigan; Rijanto Hutasoit; Dwi Yulistiani
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 19, No 3 (2014): SEPTEMBER 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14334/jitv.v19i3.1080

This study was aimed to investigate the preferences and nutritional qualities of four mulberry species (Morus cathyana, Morus nigra, Morus indica and Morus multicaulis) in goat diet. Foliages were fed to six adult Boer x Kacang goats in a cafetaria style for preference analyses. Nutritional qualities (feed intake, apparent digestibility, N balances, rumen fermentation characteristics) and blood metabolites were measured in a digestion trial. Twenty male goats were used in a completely randomised arrangement of four treatments (mulberry species) and five replications. The selectivity indices were +0,389, -0,156, -0,154 and -0,234 for M. multicaulis, M. nigra, M. cathyana and M. indica, respectively, indicating that M. multicaulis was the most and M. indica was the least preferred species. When fed as the sole foliage the DM intake was higher (P<0.05) in goats offered M. multicaulis (780 g/d) and M. nigra (718 g/d) compared to those fed M. cathyana (637 g/d) and M. indica (598 g/d). The DM intake were equal to 38.6; 35.5; 31.5 dan 29.6 g/kg BW, respectively. The DM apparent digestibility were not different (P>0.05) among the species ranging from 60-65%. The N balances (N retained) was highest (P<0.05) in the M. multicaulis group (16,7 g/d) and was lowest in the M. indica (12,3 g/d) and M. cathyana groups (11,7 g/d). The rumen pH and total VFA concentration was not diferent (P>0,05) among treatments. The ammonia concentration was higest (P>0,05) in the M. multicaulis and was lowest in the M. indica and M. cathyana groups. The bacteria and protozoa population was not different (P>0,05) among the treatments. It is concluded that M. multicaulis was more preferred by goats compared to M. nigra, M. indica and M. cathyana, but all species have potential as foliages for goats as shown by its high intake, digestibility and rumen fermentation rates.

Substitution of commercial concentrate with soy bean meal protected by tannin from banana stem juice for lambs Dwi Yulistiani; I-W. Mathius; W. Puastuti
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 16, No 1 (2011): MARCH 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Study was conducted to evaluate the optimal utilization of protected soy bean meal with secondary compound from banana stem juice in ration for sheep and its effect on sheep performance. Soy bean meal was mixed with banana stem juice at ratio 1:1 (w/v) then dried in the oven at temperature 90oC. This protected soy bean meal was used to substitute commercial concentrate in sheep ration. The experiment used 24 head male lamb Sumatera composite breed. The lambs were grouped into six group based on its body weight and was assigned to one of 4 diets treatment. The sheep was fed on grass basal diet and supplemented with commercial concentrate. Data recorded were feed consumption, nutrient digestibility, average daily gain, feed efficiency and nitrogen utilization. Study was conducted in randomized complete block design and data obtained were analyzed using general linier model from SAS program. Results show that dry matter intake (DMI) significantly (P < 0.05) increased with concentrate substitution by protected soy bean meal, however, there was no significant different (P > 0.05) between R10, R20 and R30. The increasing in DMI is followed by the increasing crude protein (CP) from 8.75 (R0) to 10.64; 11.68 and 12.32 g/BB0.75 respectively for R10; R20 and R30. Commercial concentrate substitution by protected soy bean meal significantly increased DM and CP digestibility at all levels. However, this substitution did not significantly affected organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility. Nitrogen excretion in urine was only increased at this level 30% substitution but nitrogen retention increased at substitution levels 20 and 30%. From this study can be concluded that commercial concentrate substitution with protected soy bean meal in the diet only increased CP consumption and CP digestibility but not average daily gain of lamb. Key Words: Soy Bean Meal, Tannin, Protein, Banana Stem Juice

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