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Budi Rahardjo
Jurusan Teknik Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281

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Kinetika Pertumbuhan Mikrobia dan Kemunduran Mutu Bakso Berpelapis Edible Aktif Berbasis Pati Kimpul (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) pada Berbagai Ketebalan Warkoyo Warkoyo; Budi Rahardjo; Djagal Wiseso Marseno; Joko Nugroho Wahyu Karyadi
agriTECH Vol 35, No 4 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (435.868 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.9330

Abstract

Quality deterioration of food material with active edible coated depends on product properties, environment andproperties of coating. Properties of coating are influenced by the type and amount of the basic constituent materials, plasticizers, and active coating ingredient. The objective of this research was to determine the kinetics of microbial growth, and quality deterioration of X. sagittifolium starch-based coated meatball with various thicknesses. The treatments tested in this study were thickness of edible coatings (0.43; 0.48; 0.53; 0.58 mm). Observation parameters were the number of microbes (total microbial, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), protein content, TVB-N, water losses, and texture. The results showed that active edible coatings thickness significantly affected of microbes number, and TVB-N, but did not affect protein content, water losses, and meatball texture. Microbial growth (TPC and P. aeruginosa) changed exponentially with the rate of increase of 0.049 to 0.055 per hour for TPC and from 0.071 to 0.075 per hour for P. aeruginosa or 0.026 per mm.hour times the thickness. TVB-N content changed linearly with the rate of increase of 0.132 to 0.153 mg/100g.hour or 0.206 mg/100g.mm.hour times the thickness. X. sagittifolium starch-based active edible coating with potassium sorbate as active ingredient and 0.43 mm coating thickness could prolong meatball shelf life up to 4 times longer than control.ABSTRAKKemunduran mutu bahan pangan yang terlapisi pelapis edible aktif tergantung kepada sifat produk, kondisi lingkungan, dan karakter pelapis. Karakter pelapis dipengaruhi oleh jenis dan jumlah dari bahan dasar penyusun, plasticizer, dan bahan aktif yang digunakan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kinetika pertumbuhan mikrobia, dan kemunduran mutu bakso terlapisi edible aktif berbasis pati umbi kimpul (X. sagittifolium) dengan berbagai ketebalan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah ketebalan pelapis edible yang berbeda (0,43; 0,48; 0,53; 0,58 mm). Parameter pengamatan meliputi jumlah mikrobia (total mikrobia dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa), kadar protein, TVB-N, susut bobot, dan tekstur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketebalan pelapis edible aktif berpengaruh nyata terhadap populasi mikrobia, dan TVB-N, serta berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap kadar protein, susut bobot, dan tekstur bakso. Pertumbuhan mikrobia (TPC dan P. aeruginosa) berubah secara eksponensial dengan laju peningkatan sebesar 0,049-0,055 per jam untuk TPC, dan 0,071-0,075 per jam untuk P. aeruginosa atau sebesar 0,026 per mm.jam kali ketebalan. Kadar TVB-N bakso berubah secara linier dengan laju peningkatan sebesar 0,132-0,153 mg/100g.jam atau sebesar 0,206 mg/100g.mm.jam kali ketebalan. Pelapis edible aktif berbasis pati X. sagittifolium yang diinkorporasi kalium sorbat dengan tebal 0,43 mm dapat meningkatkan umur simpan bakso sampai 4 kali lebih lama dibandingkan bakso tanpa pelapis.
Kinetika Pertumbuhan Mikrobia dan Kemunduran Mutu Bakso Daging Terlapisi Pati Umbi Kimpul (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) yang Diinkorporasi Kalium Sorbat Warkoyo Warkoyo; Budi Rahardjo; Djagal Wiseso Marseno; Joko Nugroho Wahyu Karyadi
agriTECH Vol 35, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (147.631 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.9420

Abstract

The rapidity of microbial growth as damage agents indicates quality deterioration of food as its substrate. The presence of active coatings on the surface of the food material will affect to both of microbial growth rapidity and food quality deterioration. The objectives of this research were to determine the kinetics of microbial growth and quality deterioration of X. sagittifolium starch-based coated meatballs incorporated with potassium sorbate. Various potassium sorbate concentration onedible coatings were tested in the research. Observation parameters included the number of microbes, protein content, TVB-N, weight losses, and texture. The results showed that the addition of potassium sorbate significantly affected the number of microbes, TVB-N, and texture. However, it did not significantly affect to the protein content and weight losses of meatballs. The number of microbes increased exponentially with the inhibition rate of 0.101 times of potassium sorbate concentration, while TVB-N and the texture of meatballs changed linearly with the inhibition rate of 0.584 and 0.036 times of potassium sorbate concentration respectively. The active starch-based edible coatings with 0.6% potassium sorbate incorporated increased the shelf life of meatballs up to 4 days, while the meatballs without coating only lasted less than 1 day.ABSTRAKKecepatan pertumbuhan mikrobia sebagai agen kerusakan dapat mengindikasikan kemunduran mutupangan sebagai substratnya. Adanya pelapis aktif pada permukaan bahan makanan akan mempengaruhi keduanya.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kinetika pertumbuhan mikrobia, dan kemunduran mutu bakso terlapisi pati umbi kimpul (X. sagittifolium) yang diinkorporasi kalium sorbat. Perlakuan yang dicoba dalam penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi kalium sorbat yang berbeda pada pelapis edible. Parameter pengamatan meliputi jumlah mikrobia, kadar protein, TVB-N, susut berat, dan tekstur.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan kalium sorbat berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah mikrobia, TVB-N, dan tekstur, serta berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap kadar protein dan susut berat bakso. Jumlah mikrobia meningkat secara eksponensial dengan laju penghambatan 0,101 kali konsentrasi kalium sorbat, sementara  TVB-N, dan tekstur bakso berubah secara linier dengan laju penghambatan masing-masing sebesar 0,584 dan 0,036 kali konsentrasi kalium sorbat. Pelapis edible aktif berbasis pati X. sagittifolium yang diinkorporasi kalium sorbat 0,6% dapat meningkatkan umur simpan bakso sampai 4 hari, sementara bakso tanpa pelapis hanya bertahan kurang dari 1 hari.
Sifat Fisik, Mekanik dan Barrier Edible Film Berbasis Pati Umbi Kimpul (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) Yang Diinkorporasi dengan Kalium Sorbat Warkoyo Warkoyo; Budi Rahardjo; Djagal Wiseso Marseno; Joko Nugroho Wahyu Karyadi
agriTECH Vol 34, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (614.951 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.9525

Abstract

Xanthosoma sagittifolium starch has the potential to be developed as a base for edible film, because it was hydrocolloid compound, as well as renewable natural resources, widely available and easy to obtain its. High amylose content of X. sagittifolium starch (35.34%), twice than cassava starch, so that it possible to produce strong and flexible edible film. The presence of the active ingredient in edible film with different it kinds and amounts would produce different properties too. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical, mechanical and barrier properties of active edible film due to variation of concentration of starch and potassium sorbate. Edible films have produced characteristics for tensile strength from 0.399 to 1.390 MPa, elongation from 14.943 to 31.647%, thickness from 0.065 to 0.081 mm, water vapor transmission rate from 10.095 to 15.247 g.mm/m2.day, solubility from 27.126 to 59.846% and transparency from 0,719 to 1,063. To increase starch made elevation of edible film tensile strength, thickness, WVTR, and the smoothness, as well as decrease its water solubility, while increasing potassium sorbate would increase elongation and WVTR, as well as decrease the tensile strength. ABSTRAKPati umbi kimpul (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) mempunyai potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan dasar edible film, karena pati merupakan senyawa hidrokoloid, sebagai sumber daya alam yang dapat diperbaharui, tersedia secara luas dan mudah didapat. Kandungan amilosa pati umbi kimpul cukup tinggi (35,34%), dua kali lebih besar dibandingkan amilosa pati ubi kayu, memungkinkan untuk menghasilkan edible film yang kuat dan fleksibel. Keberadaan kalium sorbat dalam edible film dengan jumlah yang berbeda akan menghasilkan sifat yang berbeda pula. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sifat fisik, mekanik dan barrier edible film aktif akibat variasi konsentrasi pati umbi kimpul dan kalium sorbat. Edible film yang dihasilkan mempunyai karakter kuat tarik 0,399-1,390 MPa, persen pemanjangan 14,943-31,647%, ketebalan 0,065-0,081 mm, WVTR 10,095-15,247 g.mm/m2.hari, kelarutan 27,126-59,846% dan transparansi 0,719-1,063. Penambahan pati menyebabkan kuat tarik, ketebalan, laju transmisi uap air, dan kehalusan permukaan edible film meningkat, tetapi kelarutannya dalam air menurun, sedangkan penambahan kalium sorbat dalam edible film menyebabkan persen pemanjangan dan laju transmisi uap air meningkat, tetapi kuat tariknya menurun.
Pemodelan Matematis Hubungan Kadar Air Tepung dengan Variabel Proses pada Pengeringan Mekanis Tepung Kasava Menggunakan Pneumatic Dryer Yus Witdarko; Nursigit Bintoro; Bandul Suratmo; Budi Rahardjo
agriTECH Vol 36, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (620.186 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.10691

Abstract

Moisture content of the materials (Ka) is the most important variable in evaluating the performance of drying process, therefore the ability to predict moisture-content of the materials in the drying process is very important. The objective of this research was to formulate a mathematical relationship between various pneumatic drying process variables and the moisturecontent of the materials of cassava flour by applying dimensional analysis. In this research, a pneumatic drying equipment and test edit in wide varieties of treatments, such as the input capacity, drying air temperature, and drying air velocity. Based on the result of data analysis, it was obtained that the relationship between moisture content of the materials and the drying process variables could be expressed as followThis equation had 0,722 coefficient of determination, so that it could be used to predict the moisture content of cassava flour precisely. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the dimensionless product which had the largest effect on Ka was.ABSTRAKKadar air bahan (Ka) merupakan variabel yang paling penting dalam mengevaluasi kinerja proses pengeringan bahan, sehingga kemampuan untuk memprediksi Ka dalam proses pengeringan akan menjadi sangat penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan hubungan matematis antara berbagai variabel proses pengeringan secara pneumatik dengan Ka akhir tepung ketela pohon dengan menerapkan analisis dimensi. Pada penelitian ini telah dirancang peralatan pneumatic drying dan dilakukan pengujian dengan berbagai macam variasi perlakuan seperti kapasitas input, temperatur udara pengering, dan kecepatan udara pengering. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data maka diperoleh hubungan antara Ka dengan variabel-variabel proses pengeringan sebagai berikut:Persamaan tersebut mempunyai nilai koefisien determinasi 0,722 sehingga besar kemungkinan untuk dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif dalam memprediksi kadar air tepung hasil pengeringan. Hasil uji sensitivitas menunjukkan bahwa dimensionless product yang paling berpengaruh terhadap nilai Ka adalah    ்ೠ   .