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Meningkatkan Efektivitas Arang Bakau Pada Proses Karburising Padat Baja Karbon Rendah Menggunakan Barium Karbonat Soemowidagdo, Arianto Leman; Mujiyono, Mujiyono
Jurnal Semesta Teknika Vol 12, No 2 (2009): NOVEMBER 2009
Publisher : Jurnal Semesta Teknika

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The effect of BaCO3 on bakau charcoal effectiveness as a carburizer for pack carburizing process was investigated. Bakau charcoal being produced from bakau trees were sifted on 30 mesh sieve. BaCO3 was then added into the bakau charcoal sieves with composition of 0, 15, 20, 25, and 30 wt %. The pack carburizing was carried out at 850 0C for 2 hours. Low-carbon steel containing 0.156 %C was used as specimen. After being carburized, all specimens were reheated at 850 0C, hold it for 5 minutes, and subsequently quenched into water at 28 oC. The result shows that BaCO3 improves bakau charcoal effectiveness as a solid media in pack carburizing proces. By adding of 20, 25 dan 30 wt % of BaCO3, it produced the case depth of 190 mm, 250 mm dan 325 mm, respectively. Martensite structure that arises on steel surface after being quenched indicates the increase of the amount of carbon atoms.Â

Biokomposit dari serat rami dan sekresi kutu lak termodifikasi dengan lateks terhidrasi dan tidak terhidrasi Rohaeti, Eli; Mujiyono, Mujiyono; Rochmadi, Rochmadi
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 31, No 1 (2015): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Biocomposites are composite materials comprising one or more phases derived from a biological origin. Biocomposite with natural matrix developed more rapidly because they are more environmentally safer. The objective of research was to modify natural matrix from lac insect secretion with adding hydrated latex, to study effect of adding hydrated latex to the functional groups and the intrinsic viscosity of lac insect secretion, and to measure mechanical properties of biocomposite from modified lac insect secretion and ramie fiber. A sulfuric acid solution was used as catalyst in hydration of latex and then natural matrix of lac insect secretion was modified by adding hydrated latex. Biocomposite was prepared by mixing rami fiber and modifiedÂ lac insect secretion. It was then pressed with hydraulic press at 150 kgf/cm2 and 150oC for 15 minutes. Biocomposites were characterized using tensile tester according to ASTDM D 638-90 Type IV. The adding of catalyst caused the decreasing of intrinsic viscosity of latex. The adding of hydrated latex to natural matrix caused the increasing of intrinsic viscosity and functional group of matrix. The using 30% of catalyst and adding 10% of hydrated latex produced biocomposite with strength at break of 0.982 MPa, elongation at break of 1.189%, and Young modulus of 0.929 MPa.Keywords: biocomposite, hydration, latex, lac insect secretion, ramie fiber. ABSTRAK Biokomposit merupakan material komposit yang tersusun dari satu atau lebih komponennya berasal dari bahan alam. Biokomposit dari matriks alam berkembang lebih pesat karena lebih aman bagi lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memodifikasi matriks dari sekresi kutu lak dengan penambahan lateks hasil hidrasi, mempelajari pengaruh penambahan lateks hasil hidrasi terhadap gugus fungsi dan viskositas intrinsik matriks, dan untuk mengukur sifat mekanik biokomposit dari matriks hasil modifikasi dengan serat rami. Lateks dihidrasi dengan variasi katalis asam sulfat 10, 20, dan 30% (m/m). Matriks alam dari sekresi kutu lak dimodifikasi dengan penambahan lateks hasil hidrasi sebanyak 5, 10, dan 15% (m/m). Biokomposit dibuat melalui pencampuran sekresi kutu lak hasil modifikasi dengan serat rami dan dipress pada tekanan 150 kgf/cm2 dan suhu 150oC selama 15 menit. Biokomposit dikarakterisasi menggunakan tensile tester sesuai dengan ASTDM D 638-90 tipe IV. Penambahan katalis menurunkan viskositas intrinsik lateks terhidrasi. Penambahan lateks terhidrasi meningkatkan viskositas intrinsik dan gugus fungsi matriks. Biokomposit dari matriks alam sekresi kutu lak termodifikasi lateks terhidrasi dengan penggunaan katalis 30% dan penambahan lateks terhidrasi sebesar 10% mempunyai kuat tarik sebesar 0,982 MPa, elongasi saat putus sebesar 1,189%, dan modulus Young sebesar 0,929 MPa.Kata kunci: biokomposit, hidrasi, lateks, sekresi kutu lak, serat rami.

Model pembelajaran praktik pengelasan shieled metal arc welding(SMAW) posisi 1G jurusan teknik pengelasan Ardin, Masri Bin; Mujiyono, Mujiyono
Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi Vol 6, No 2 (2016): Juni
Publisher : ADGVI & Graduate School of Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan model pembelajaran praktik yang berlangsung atau disebut model pembelajaran regular praktek pengelasan SMAW posisi 1G di SMK Negeri 2 Pengasih; (2) mengetahui efektifitas dan mendeskripsikan bahan yang digunakan dalam praktek pengelasan SMAW posisi 1G, misalnya: besi plat, mata gerinda, elektroda, dan waktu yang digunakan selama praktek pengelasan SMAW posisi 1G. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, dokumentasi, angket dan penilaian skill pengelasan. Asessment skill pengelasan mengacu pada Acean Skill Welding Competition. Hasil penelitian yaitu: (1) model pembelajaran praktek pengelasan SMAW posisi 1G terdiri dari 4 pertemuan teori dan 13 pertemuan praktik; (2) model pembelajaran praktik pengelasan di SMKN 2 Pengasih sudah efektif tetapi untuk rutinitas pengelasan belum efektif untuk membentuk skill pengelasan SMAW posisi 1G dengan sistem assesment Asean Skill Welding Competition. Fasilitas utama dalam praktek pengelasan SMAW posisi 1G adalah mesin las. Sementara itu SMKN 2 pengasih memiliki 6 buah mesin las dengan rasio 1 mesin las untuk 5 orang siswa. Bahan habis pakai untuk 30 orang siswa per semester yang menggunakan model pembelajaran praktek pengelasan adalah besi plat Â± 100-150 kg, mata gerinda total Â± 5-6 keping, elektroda Â± 9-10 box dan total waktunya aktif 77 jam selama satu semester. Kata kunci: pembelajaran Praktik Pengelasan SMAW, Skill Siswa untuk Posisi 1G LEARNING MODEL OF SHIELD METAL ARC WELDING (SMAW) PRACTICE OF 1G POSITION AT THE WELDING ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Abstract This research aimed to: (1) describe the learning model of shield metal arc welding (SMAW) practice of 1G position at the Welding Engineering Department of State Vocational High School (SMKN) 2 Pengasih; (2) find the effectiveness and describe materials needed in the learning model of shield metal arc welding (SMAW) practice of 1G position, for examples: iron plate, grind eye, and electrode, and time needed for SMAW 1G position welding practice. This was a descriptive research study using the data collection techniques of interview, documentation, questionnaire, and t welding skill asessment rubrics. The welding skill asessment was based on Asean Skill Welding Competition (ASWC). The research result showed: (1) the learning model of shield metal arc welding (SMAW) practice of 1G position consisted of 4 meetings of theories and 13 meetings of practices; (2) the learning model of shield metal arc welding (SMAW) practice of 1G position at the Welding Engineering Department of SMK Negeri 2 Pengasih was effective but was not effective for routine practice of SMAW 1G position with the assessment system based on Asean Skill Welding Competition. The main facility required in welding practice of 1G position is a welding mechine. Meanwhile SMKN 2 Pengasih had six welding mechines with the ratio of1 mechine to 5 students. Using the learning model of shield metal arc welding (SMAW) practice of 1G position for 30 students per semester needed usable supplies of approximately 100-150 kg iron plates, 5-6 pieces of grind eye, 9-10 boxes of electrode, and the total time of 77 hours. Keywords: SMAW welding practice learning, student skills in 1G position

Manufacture of Nickel Collimator for BNCT: Smelting of Nickel Using Electrical Arc Furnace and Centrifugal Casting Preparation Mujiyono Mujiyono; Suharto Suharto; Alaya Fadllu Hadi Mukhammad; Didik Nurhadiyanto; Arianto Leman Sumowidagdo
Indonesian Journal of Physics and Nuclear Applications Vol 3 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana

Collimator is a tube that functions to direct neutrons generated by a nuclear reactor for BNCT (Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Cancer). Appropriate design of the collimator for BNCT application is a tube with an inner diameter of 16 cm, an outer diameter of 19 cm and a length of 13 cm total with 12 pieces with nickel purity above 95%. Manufacturing of the BNCT collimator will be planned using centrifugal casting method and smelting of nickel with electrical arc (EA) furnace. This article reports on the smelting process of nickel, setting the parameters of the electrical arc furnace, and the chemical composition of the nickel. Results of the study show that nickel with purity 98% can be melted perfectly using the EA Furnace with a current of 600-800 A and a pouring temperature of 1600°C. The fluidity of nickel can hold up to 1 minute at a 35°C environment that allows for the centrifugal casting process. The chemical composition of the nickel before being melted is Ni (98.89%), Si (0.79%), S (0.17%), and Fe (0.15%) and after being melted is Ni (97.89%), Si (0.92%), S (0.26%), and Fe (0.90%). The chemical composition of the nickel after smelting in an EA Furnace meets the requirements of BNCT collimator.

Perbaikan mutu produk baby fish nila krispi di Kelompok Tani Karya Mina Utama, Rowo Jombor, Klaten, Jawa Tengah Nani Ratnaningsih; Tutiek Rahayu; Mujiyono Mujiyono
Aksiologiya: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol 5, No 3 (2021): Agustus
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/aks.v5i3.3785

Kelompok Tani Karya Mina Utama merupakan kelompok produsen baby fish nila krispi di Rowo Jombor dengan mutu produk tidak konsisten, kemasan dan labeling sangat sederhana. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah memperbaiki mutu dan kemasan produk baby fish nila krispi sehingga dapat meningkatkan branding produk dan pangsa pasar. Metode kegiatan dilakukan dengan diskusi bersama, penyusunan standar proses produksi, pendampingan penerapan standar proses produksi, serta perbaikan kemasan dan label. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan mutu produk baby fish nila krispi yang diproduksi oleh Kelompok Tani Karya Mina Utama, Desa Krakitan, Klaten dapat ditingkatkan dengan perbaikan standar proses produksi, kemasan dan labeling produk. Standar proses produksi nila krispi meliputi pemilihan anak ikan, pembersihan isi perut, pembelahan, pencucian, perendaman dalam bumbu, pelapisan dengan tepung beras dan tapioka, penggorengan, penirisan minyak dengan spinner, dan pengemasan. Produk dikemas dengan kantong plastik pouch (200 gram) dengan label berisi brand/merk, nama produk, komposisi, berat bersih, informasi gizi, nomer P-IRT, nomer sertifikat halal, tanggal kadaluwarsa, nama dan alamat produksi, dan binaan. Produk nila krispi dari kegiatan ini dapat mencantumkan klaim kaya kalsium dan sumber protein sehingga berpotensi sebagai oleh-oleh khas Rowo Jombor.Kata Kunci: baby fish nila krispi; mutu produk; pendampingan; Rowo Jombor Improving the quality of crispy tilapia baby fish products at the Karya Mina Utama Farmers Group, Rowo Jombor, Klaten, Central Java ABSTRACTKarya Mina Utama Farmer Group is a producer of baby tilapia crisp from Rowo Jombor with inconsistent product quality and very simple in packaging and labeling. The purpose of community service activities was to improve the quality and packaging of baby tilapia crisp for increasing the brand product and market. The activities were done by focus group discussions, preparation of standards of production process, assistance in applying the standards of production process, and improvement of packaging and labels. The results showed that the quality of baby tilapia crisp produced by the Karya Mina Utama Farmer Group can be increased by improving the production process, packaging and labeling. Standard of production process consisted of selecting baby fish, cleaning stomach contents, cleavage, washing, soaking in seasonings, coating with rice flour and tapioca, frying, draining oil with spinner, and packaging. The product is packaged in a plastic bag pouch (200 grams) with a label containing the brand, product name, composition, net weight, nutritional information, P-IRT number, halal certificate number, expired date, name and address of production, and support team. Baby tilapia crisp can use the claim of rich in calcium and source of protein so that they have the potency as the special souvenir from Rowo Jombor.Keywords: baby tilapia crisp; product quality; assistance; Rowo Jombor

Biokomposit dari serat rami dan sekresi kutu lak termodifikasi dengan lateks terhidrasi dan tidak terhidrasi Eli Rohaeti; Mujiyono Mujiyono; Rochmadi Rochmadi
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 31, No 1 (2015): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v31i1.222

Biocomposites are composite materials comprising one or more phases derived from a biological origin. Biocomposite with natural matrix developed more rapidly because they are more environmentally safer. The objective of research was to modify natural matrix from lac insect secretion with adding hydrated latex, to study effect of adding hydrated latex to the functional groups and the intrinsic viscosity of lac insect secretion, and to measure mechanical properties of biocomposite from modified lac insect secretion and ramie fiber. A sulfuric acid solution was used as catalyst in hydration of latex and then natural matrix of lac insect secretion was modified by adding hydrated latex. Biocomposite was prepared by mixing rami fiber and modified lac insect secretion. It was then pressed with hydraulic press at 150 kgf/cm2 and 150oC for 15 minutes. Biocomposites were characterized using tensile tester according to ASTDM D 638-90 Type IV. The adding of catalyst caused the decreasing of intrinsic viscosity of latex. The adding of hydrated latex to natural matrix caused the increasing of intrinsic viscosity and functional group of matrix. The using 30% of catalyst and adding 10% of hydrated latex produced biocomposite with strength at break of 0.982 MPa, elongation at break of 1.189%, and Young modulus of 0.929 MPa.Keywords: biocomposite, hydration, latex, lac insect secretion, ramie fiber. ABSTRAK Biokomposit merupakan material komposit yang tersusun dari satu atau lebih komponennya berasal dari bahan alam. Biokomposit dari matriks alam berkembang lebih pesat karena lebih aman bagi lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memodifikasi matriks dari sekresi kutu lak dengan penambahan lateks hasil hidrasi, mempelajari pengaruh penambahan lateks hasil hidrasi terhadap gugus fungsi dan viskositas intrinsik matriks, dan untuk mengukur sifat mekanik biokomposit dari matriks hasil modifikasi dengan serat rami. Lateks dihidrasi dengan variasi katalis asam sulfat 10, 20, dan 30% (m/m). Matriks alam dari sekresi kutu lak dimodifikasi dengan penambahan lateks hasil hidrasi sebanyak 5, 10, dan 15% (m/m). Biokomposit dibuat melalui pencampuran sekresi kutu lak hasil modifikasi dengan serat rami dan dipress pada tekanan 150 kgf/cm2 dan suhu 150oC selama 15 menit. Biokomposit dikarakterisasi menggunakan tensile tester sesuai dengan ASTDM D 638-90 tipe IV. Penambahan katalis menurunkan viskositas intrinsik lateks terhidrasi. Penambahan lateks terhidrasi meningkatkan viskositas intrinsik dan gugus fungsi matriks. Biokomposit dari matriks alam sekresi kutu lak termodifikasi lateks terhidrasi dengan penggunaan katalis 30% dan penambahan lateks terhidrasi sebesar 10% mempunyai kuat tarik sebesar 0,982 MPa, elongasi saat putus sebesar 1,189%, dan modulus Young sebesar 0,929 MPa.Kata kunci: biokomposit, hidrasi, lateks, sekresi kutu lak, serat rami.

Meningkatkan Efektifitas Karburisasi Padat pada Baja Karbon Rendah dengan Optimasi Ukuran Serbuk Arang Tempurung Kelapa Mujiyono Mujiyono; Arianto Leman Sumowidagdo
Jurnal Teknik Mesin Vol. 10 No. 1 (2008): APRIL 2008
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

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Pack carburizing is the simplest method of carburizing process that use charcoal powder as carbon element adder. The research target is to increase the effectiveness of charcoal powder as pack carburizing media. Coconut shell charcoal was made into powder then sifted with size of 150, 250, 279, 600, 850 and 2000 m. Specimens were Low Carbon Steel which contain 0,082 % C. The pack carburizing process was conducted for 4 hours at 850 0C. The hardening process was done by reheating at 850 0C with 5 minutes holding time and quenched into water of 28 0C to form Martensite structure that was observed by optic microscope and Micro Vickers Hardness Tester. The conclusion of the research are that 250 until 600 m powder size of coconut shell charcoal can use to pack carburizing media. With 4 hours for pack carburizing process, case depth of carbon diffusion on surface specimen is about 1200 m and surface hardness specimen increase 250% to base material Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia: Karburising padat merupakan metode karburisasi yang paling sederhana, yaitu meng¬gunakan serbuk arang sebagai penambah unsur Karbon. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk meningkatkan efektivitas hasil proses karburising yang menggunakan serbuk arang tempurung kelapa pada Baja Carbon Rendah. Arang tempurung kelapa dibuat serbuk dan diayak dengan ukuran butir 150, 250, 279, 600, 850 dan 2000 μm. Benda uji yang digunakan adalah baja karbon rendah dengan kandungan 0,082% C. Proses karburising padat dilakukan pada suhu 850 0C selama 4 jam. Proses pengerasan dilakukan dengan memanaskan ulang benda uji pada suhu 850 0C, ditahan 5 menit, kemudian dicelup ke dalam air bersuhu 28 0C. Struktur Martensit yang terbentuk diamati dengan mikroskop dan diuji dengan Micro Vickers Hardness Tester. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa serbuk tempurung kelapa dengan ukuran antara 250 hingga 600 µm efektif digunakan untuk proses karburising padat pada Baja Karbón Rendah. Dengan waktu tahan karburising selama 4 jam, maka akan terjadi difusi Karbón hingga kedalaman 1200 µm dan kekerasan permukaan baja dapat meningkat hingga 250% dari kekerasan semula. Kata kunci: Kaburising padat, difusi karbon, ukuran serbuk arang, Martensit.

CASTING PRACTICE EQUIPMENTS TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ LEARNING OUTCOMES Mujiyono Mujiyono; Agung Pratama Putra
Jurnal Kependidikan Vol 2, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

This study was aimed at determining the effectiveness of metal casting practice equipement in improving student learning outcomes in metal casting practice from the cognitive aspects. This study used quasi-experimental method with pretest-posttest control group design. The population of this study were the students of class X Machine Engineering at vocational high school in Yogyakarta year 2016/2017. The samples were taken by random assignment method. The control group sample was class X TP 3 and the sample of the experimental group was class X TP 4. The data were collected using objective test instruments given before and after the treatment. The data analysis used in this study was descriptive statistics and parametric statistics using the T-test. The calculation of data analysis used SPSS v18 software. The results show that the media of metal casting practice tools is effective in improving student learning outcomes in the metal casting practice material from the cognitive aspects. This is indicated by the percentage of completeness of learning outcomes of students who use media casting metal casting tools by 75% while students who use the lecture method by 35.7%.PERANGKAT PRAKTIK PENGECORAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWAAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas media perangkat praktik pengecoran logam dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi praktik pengecoran logam dari aspek kognitif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuasi eksperimen dengan desain pretest-posttest control group design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X Teknik Pemesinan SMK di Yogyakarta Tahun Ajaran 2016/2017. Sampel diambil dengan cara random assignment. Sampel kelompok kontrol adalah kelas X TP 3 dan sampel kelompok eksperimen adalah kelas X TP 4. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan instrumen tes objektif yang diberikan sebelum dan sesudah pembelajaran.Analisis data yang digunakan adalah statistik deskriptif dan statistik parametris dengan uji-T. Perhitungan analisis data menggunakan software SPSS v18. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media perangkat praktik pengecoran logam efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi praktik pengecoran logam dari aspek kognitif. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan persentase ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan media perangkat praktik pengecoran logam sebesar 75% sedangkan siswa yang menggunakan metode ceramah sebesar 35,7%.

New biocomposite material from ramie fibre and natural matrix of flee secretion on albasia tree as expansion effort of teaching material Mujiyono Mujiyono
JOURNAL OF EDUCATION Vol 1, No 1 (2008): Year 1, Number 1, November 2008
Publisher : LPPM UNY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (8460.672 KB)

Abstract: A biocomposite is a composite which consists of natural fiber as reinforcement and matrix as binder agents. Biocomposite materials are interesting phenomena because they are environmentally friendly, are renewable resources, and can increase the economic level of the neighbouring people. The objective of the present study is to look into the feasibility of biocomposite material from secretion of albasia flea as a binder agent and ramie fiber as reinforcement. Secretion of albasia flea was collected from Ciamisforest, WestJava, Indonesia with lumps type and then was reacted with methylated spiritus to liquefaction. Heating of the dilution offlea secretion at180°C in 15 minutes decreased the viscosity to become gel. The gels were layered on the surface of ramie fiber woven roving with the hand layout method. Molding of the biocomposite was done at 180-200°C in 10 minutes after 2-4 layers of ramiefiber were soaked with gel, pressing with pressure 40MPa, and cooling at room temperature in 4 hours. Density and tensile strengths of the biocomposite were evaluated with ASTM D638-90 standard and compared withpublicized biocomposites to know itsfeasibility. The tensile strength of the biocomposite from 60% of ramie fiber woven roving andsecretion of albasiaflea was 80 MPa with a density of 1.17g/cm'. This result showed that the biocomposite had a relatively higher tensile strength and lower density than an epoxy or polyester matrix. The biocomposite of the matrix of albasia flea secretion can become a novel material, have high feasibility based on availability of renewable resources, give simplicity of matrix processing, need no high technology on molding biocomposite, and have higher tensile strength relative to lower density. An implication of the results of the study can be in the development of new teaching material in the engineering material subject of study in the Faculty of Engineering of YogyakartaState University.Keywords: biocomposite, ramiefiber, secretion of .albasiaflea, natural matrix, tensile strength, density, binder agent, reinforcement

Meningkatkan Efektivitas Arang Bakau Pada Proses Karburising Padat Baja Karbon Rendah Menggunakan Barium Karbonat Arianto Leman Soemowidagdo; Mujiyono Mujiyono
Semesta Teknika Vol 12, No 2 (2009): NOVEMBER 2009
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/st.v12i2.731

The effect of BaCO3 on bakau charcoal effectiveness as a carburizer for pack carburizing process was investigated. Bakau charcoal being produced from bakau trees were sifted on 30 mesh sieve. BaCO3 was then added into the bakau charcoal sieves with composition of 0, 15, 20, 25, and 30 wt %. The pack carburizing was carried out at 850 0C for 2 hours. Low-carbon steel containing 0.156 %C was used as specimen. After being carburized, all specimens were reheated at 850 0C, hold it for 5 minutes, and subsequently quenched into water at 28 oC. The result shows that BaCO3 improves bakau charcoal effectiveness as a solid media in pack carburizing proces. By adding of 20, 25 dan 30 wt % of BaCO3, it produced the case depth of 190 mm, 250 mm dan 325 mm, respectively. Martensite structure that arises on steel surface after being quenched indicates the increase of the amount of carbon atoms.

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