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All Journal EKSAKTA: Journal of Sciences and Data Analysis Indonesian Journal of Chemistry IJCER (International Journal of Chemistry Education Research) IJCR (Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research)
Maisari Utami
Department Of Chemistry, Faculty Of Mathematics And Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Jl. Kaliurang Km. 14, Yogyakarta 55584, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Journal : Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

 1 
Synthesis of SO42–/ZrO2 Solid Acid and Na2O/ZrO2 Solid Base Catalysts Using Hydrothermal Method for Biodiesel Production from Low-Grade Crude Palm Oil Sri Setyaningsih; Maisari Utami; Akhmad Syoufian; Eddy Heraldy; Nasih Widya Yuwono; Karna Wijaya
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 22, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.65404

Abstract

Biodiesel is a renewable energy source that can be produced through esterification as well as transesterification reactions. This work presents a series of zirconia catalysts synthesized by hydrothermal method on various concentrations in acidic (H2SO4 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 M) and basic (NaOH 1, 2, 3, and 4 M) solution to get a catalyst with the highest acidity or basicity. Characterizations of the catalysts were performed by FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, surface area analysis, acidity, and basicity test. The most active acid catalyst activity was evaluated for the esterification of low-grade crude palm oil (LGCPO), while the solid base catalyst was utilized for the transesterification reaction. The solid acid catalyst of 0.7 M SO42–/ZrO2 60 °C; 24 h was denoted as the most active acid catalyst with a total acidity of 1.86 mmol g–1, while 4 M Na2O/ZrO2 60 °C; 24 h catalyst was considered as the solid base catalyst with the highest total basicity of 3.75 ± 0.12 mmol g–1. The optimized acid catalyst exhibited a 31 times higher acidity than commercial ZrO2. The concentration of free fatty acids (FFA) decreased to 68.87% in the esterification reaction. The solid base catalyst of 4 M Na2O/ZrO2 60 °C; 24 h successfully converted LGCPO into biodiesel by 68.55% through a transesterification reaction.
Co-Authors Akhmad Syoufian Akhmad Syoufian Eddy Heraldy Imam Sahroni Karna Wijaya Karna Wijaya Khofifah Khofifah Lutfia Isna Ardhayanti Randy Ramadani Salsa Widya Pratiwi Satyagraha Hakim Wicaksono Sigit Samsunar Sri Setyaningsih Wiyogo Prio Wicaksono Yuwono, Nasih Widya