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All Journal International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Journal of Community Empowerment for Health
Hakim, Mohamad Saifudin
Department Of Microbiology, Faculty Of Medicine, Public Health And Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health

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The effectivity of banana leaf-filtered cloth face masks as an alternative protection during the pandemic Mohamad Saifudin Hakim; Mumtihana Muchlis; Fitra Duhita; Rita Dian Pratiwi
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 11, No 1: March 2022
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v11i1.21075

Abstract

The main transmission route of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is through individual droplets of respiratory secretions. Accordingly, the most basic preventive measure is wearing a face mask. Since the issue of medical waste during the pandemic is concerning, developing face masks made of reusable and biodegradable materials is necessary. This study aimed to develop "do-it-yourself" face masks and test the effectiveness of banana leaf-filtered cloth face masks. The design development was conducted by a series of trials for making a mask pattern that can be applied to the cloth. Then, we performed bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) and water resistance tests to investigate the effectiveness of banana leaf-filtered cloth-based face masks. The dimensions of the developed face mask are 20x18 cm, with a semi-duckbill model, consisting of three layers of washable cotton cloth and a pocket designed for the banana leaf filter. Among 34 leaf-filtered face masks, 61.8% showed water resistance abilities. Based on the BFE test, the leaf-filtered face masks contained significantly fewer bacteria (the average of 0.417x103 cfu/cm2) compared to the cloth face masks without additional leaf filter (30x103 cfu/cm2). Thus, banana leaf-filtered cloth face masks could be considered as alternative protection during the pandemic.
Current understanding of the origin, molecular biology and continuing evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Mohamad Saifudin Hakim; Luthvia Annisa; Endah Supriyati; Edwin W. Daniwijaya; Rakhmat A. Wibowo; Eggi Arguni; Titik Nuryastuti
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 52, No 3 (2020): Special Issue: COVID-19
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (740.09 KB) | DOI: 10.19106/JMedSciSI005203202005

Abstract

Recent outbreaks of human coronaviruses, officially named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have put health authorities worldwide on a high alert. Firstly emerged in the city of Wuhan, China, SARS-CoV-2 infection is rapidly escalating into a global pandemic. It is first thought as the result of a zoonotic transmission event, similar to the previous epidemic of coronaviruses. However, a continuously increasing number of confirmed cases indicates that the virus gains capacity of efficient human-to-human transmission. Soon after the pandemic is arising, many efforts are focused on identifying the origin of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human population. Current evidence suggests that the virus is probably derived from bat or pangolin coronaviruses as the natural host. Whether intermediate host(s) exist in the transmission cascade from bat or pangolin to humans is, to a great extent, elusive. This information is essential as the basis for infection prevention and control measures. In this review, we discuss our recent understanding of SARS-CoV-2 biology, highlighting its origin and molecular evolution.
Early hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as combined therapy for COVID-19: a case series Siswanto Siswanto; Oktaviarum S. Utama; Agit S. Adisetiadi; Maria E. Pranasakti; Mohamad Saifudin Hakim
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 52, No 3 (2020): Special Issue: COVID-19
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (335.738 KB) | DOI: 10.19106/JMedSciSI005203202016

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared it as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) and eventually a pandemic. Many clinical trials have been conducted to investigate potential and effective therapies for COVID-19. Here we reported the outcome of three COVID-19 cases treated early with the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. Early treatments of suspected or confirmed positive COVID-19 cases with this combination therapy is to avoid disease progressions into a more severe and irreversible state. In these cases, clinical, radiological, and laboratory features were followed up. No complications were observed. The COVID-19 patients treated with this early combination therapy showed good clinical and virological responses.
Public acceptance of banana leaf-filtered cloth masks as an alternative for medical masks Mohamad Saifudin Hakim; Fitra Duhita; Mumtihana Muchlis; Rita Dian Pratiwi
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 5, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.69730

Abstract

One of the most basic control measures to prevent transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is that everyone should wear face masks wherever there are potential exposures such as public spaces and when there are suspected symptoms of COVID-19 infection. In addition to adherence to public safety protocols, community compliance in wearing face masks is mainly influenced by the comfort when the masks are worn. Several mask developments have been made to improve the comfort and function of the masks, including a modified cloth mask with a banana leaf filter. This study aimed to assess the public acceptance of this modified mask that we previously developed. We conducted a survey using an adaptation of the instrument called, the Usefulness, Satisfaction and Ease of Use (USE) questionnaire. The respondents consisted of 99 people from the Family Welfare Program and Islamic study group members in Tlogoadi, Sleman. The data analysis was conducted descriptively. The majority of the respondents agreed that the banana leaf-filtered cloth masks were useful, easy to use, and satisfying to be worn. The highest indicators were ease of use (83%) and satisfaction (83%). However, only a small percentage (30%) of respondents were interested in making their own homemade masks.
Pharmacoeconomic Rationale of Zinc Supplementation In The Management of Acute Diarrhea In Children With Rotavirus Infection In Indonesia Mohamad Saifudin Hakim; Serhii Soloviov; Yati Soenarto; Iryna Dzyublyk; Maryia Leleka; Viktor Trokhymchuk
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 30 No 4, 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm30iss4pp285

Abstract

Rotavirus is one of the most important causative agents of gastroenteritis in both infants and children worldwide, resulting in a high mortality and burden of disease, mainly in low-income, developing countries. Oral rehydration therapy with zinc supplementation is currently the recommended way to prevent death from diarrheal dehydration. In this study, we aimed to estimate the effectiveness of zinc supplementation in combination therapy of patients with suspected rotavirus infection in Indonesia. The perspective of this pharmacoeconomic study refer to the economic vantage point of cost-of-illness analysis. Achievement of this goal was possible with the construction of a decision tree model and determination of decision rules for inclusion of zinc supplementation into the combination therapy. The input parameters of the model were hospitalization days of patients stratified by the presence or absence of rotavirus infection as well as the additional inclusion of zinc supplementation. The criterion for prediction and decision making was the global rotavirus prevalence. The feature of the simulation was that the costs were expressed as relative to each other, which allowed to unify the proposed methodology. Retrospective analysis of clinical database of Indonesian patients with acute diarrhea has shown that zinc supplementation would be rational in case of rotavirus prevalence among these patients is higher than 81.5%. It was shown that additional zinc supplementation would be costeffective with probability of 0.62 and 0.53 – in the positive range of cost ratio variation or if costs for less than 43% of baseline therapy per day costs on an average. 
Co-Authors Agit S. Adisetiadi Edwin W. Daniwijaya Eggi Arguni Fitra Duhita Iryna Dzyublyk Luthvia Annisa Maria E. Pranasakti Maryia Leleka Mumtihana Muchlis Mumtihana Muchlis Oktaviarum S. Utama Rakhmat Ari Wibowo Rita Dian Pratiwi Rita Dian Pratiwi Serhii Soloviov Siswanto Siswanto Supriyati Supriyati Titik Nuryastuti Viktor Trokhymchuk Yati Soenarto