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Blockchain-Based Smart Contract: Advancing Digital Consumer Protection and Preventing Private International Law E-Commerce Cases Tresnawati Tresnawati; Angelina Marlina Fatmawati
Yustisia Jurnal Hukum Vol 10, No 3: December 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/yustisia.v10i3.54891

Abstract

Blockchain has functioned as a ledger that decentralizes controls with immutable and irreversible character and have the potential to overcome the deficiency of traditional contracts, especially in today’s digital era such as the e-commerce industry. Unfortunately, although famous to be used for blockchain and smart contracts have not been applied widely in Indonesia and there is no regulation that specifically regulates the use of blockchain technology and smart contracts. This article will analyze the application of smart contracts to escalate consumer rights in e-commerce services. This research showed that the self-executory characteristic of smart contracts helps the consumer to have an equal bargaining position with businesses actors in determining the contents of the contract. In response to those curative efforts, the smart contract will be advantageous as a preventive scheme for PIL cases. The self-executory character of the smart contract will prevent many PIL cases which are potentially occurred. The immutable nature of blockchain records will also be helpful for any dispute settlement scheme. This might be led to the tendency that international e-commerce cases should not be litigated or to be set for an arbitration tribunal. Those international e-commerce cases might not require settlement of judicative branch and may be settled at the administrative level. Consequently, this would create a more effective and efficient settlement, both in time and money. Those advantages have made blockchain-based smart contracts will be prospective in Indonesia, in the upcoming future
Efek Konsumsi Air Kelapa (Cocos nucifera) terhadap Ketahanan Berolahraga Selama Latihan Lari pada Laki-laki Dewasa Bukan Atlet Fen Tih Fen Tih; Harijadi Pramono; Stella Tinia Hasianna; Ersalina Tresnawati Naryanto; Albertus Gani Haryono; Oliver Rachman
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 5, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (150.998 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v5i1.1966

Abstract

Ketahanan berolahraga menunjang latihan fisik yang optimal untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan dan kebugaran jasmani. Penurunan kapasitas ketahanan olahraga disebabkan oleh dehidrasi dan penurunan karbohidrat dalam otot selama melakukan latihan. Air kelapa berpotensi sebagai minuman olahraga karena memiliki derajat keasaman yang rendah, gula seimbang, kandungan mineral, dan bersifat isotonis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek konsumsi air kelapa terhadap ketahanan dan kebugaran berolahraga diukur dari jarak tempuh dan VO2max  selama latihan lari. Penelitian dilakukan di Lapangan FPOK UPI Bandung periode Juli 2015–Februari 2016. Bahan penelitian yang digunakan adalah air kelapa dalam kemasan. Air mineral, air gula 5%, dan minuman olahraga isotonik yang digunakan sebagai pembanding. Subjek penelitian adalah 120 orang laki-laki, berusia 18–23 tahun yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok untuk tiap-tiap bahan uji. Setelah pemanasan, subjek berlari secepatnya selama 30 menit. Bahan uji diberikan sebelum dan setiap 10 menit selama lari. Jarak yang ditempuh dicatat dalam satuan meter. Analisis dengan one-way ANOVA yang dilanjutkan dengan uji least significant difference (LSD) dengan α<0,05. Jarak tempuh terpanjang rata-rata dan VO2max tertinggi didapatkan pada kelompok perlakuan air kelapa, diikuti kelompok air gula 5%, minuman olahraga isotonik, dan air mineral (p<0,01). Simpulan, konsumsi air kelapa sebelum dan selama latihan olahraga lari dapat meningkatkan ketahanan olahraga pada laki-laki dewasa bukan atlet.THE EFFECTS OF COCONUT WATER (COCOS NUCIFERA) CONSUMPTION TOWARDS ENDURANCE DURING RUNNING EXERCISE ON NON-ATHLETE ADULT MALEThe endurance in exercising supports optimal physical training to improve physical health and fitness. Two major factors in decreasing sport endurance are dehydration and loss of carbohydrates in muscle during exercise. Coconut water is a potential sports drink because it has low acidity, sugars, minerals content and is isotonic. This research aims to know the effects of coconut water consumption towards endurance and fitness measured from VO2max and mileage during running exercise. The study was conducted in FPOK UPI Bandung during July 2015 to February 2016. Research material used was coconut water, mineral water, 5% sugar water, and isotonic sports drink. The subjects were 120 men, aged 18–23 years old, divided into 4 groups for each of the test material. After warming up, the subjects ran quickly for 30 minutes. Test materials were given before and every 10 minutes during the run. Distance traveled was recorded in units of meters. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA test followed by the least significant difference (LSD) test with α<0.05. The longest distance and highest VO2max were obtained by the group treated with coconut water, followed by 5% sugar water, isotonic sports drinks, and mineral waters (p<0.01). In conclusion, coconut water consumption before and during exercise can improve sports endurance on non-athlete adult male.
INDONESIAN ANTI-TRUST RELAXATION: URGENCY FOR IMPLEMENTATION PROVISION AND ITS CORRELATION WITH GOTONG ROYONG PRINCIPLE Tresnawati Tresnawati
Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum Volume 6 Nomor 2 Maret 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23920/jbmh.v6i2.571

Abstract

ABSTRACT During the Covid-19 pandemic, numerous jurisdictions have used Anti-Trust Relaxation, also known as Anti-Trust Immunity (ATI) in the United States, recognized as block exemption, authorization, or dispensation in other jurisdictions. Essentially, this ATI states that collaboration between business actors does not always imply an infringement in competition. There are times when cartels and teamwork can be beneficial to the environment. Many businesses have suffered enormous losses because of the Covid-19 outbreak, and they require assistance and support to survive in this unique scenario. Most likely, survival is only possible when business competitors embrace 'gotong royong' or collaboration. Anti-trust immunity, which allows collaboration-usually defined as cartel in normal situation-will be assessed and authorized accordingly by Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU). Another possibility is to include this ATI in the new bill, which would be even more authoritative. On November 2020, KPPU Regulation No. 3 of 2020 on Competition Relaxation was enacted. However, detailed implementation provision will be required in implementation of the Regulation. Keywords: anti-trust immunity; authorization; block exemption; cartel relaxation; dispensation.
BLOCKCHAIN APPLICATION: INDONESIAN COMPETITION LAW’S PERSPECTIVES Stevi Milenia; Tresnawati Tresnawati
Law Review Volume XXII, No. 1 - July 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pelita Harapan | Lippo Village, Tangerang 15811 - Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/lr.v0i1.5421

Abstract

Having advantages of consensus mechanism in decentralizing data transaction which potentially eliminates the need for third-party intermediaries, blockchain has the potential to revolutionize markets industry to decrease the showcase control of today’s centralized stages by utilizing the internet. Blockchain has been rising innovation in Indonesia, demonstrated by establishment of Indonesia Blockchain Association. Though its application in Indonesia is still restricted to cryptocurrency sector, no question that blockchains will be connected broadly in near future, and unquestionably will influence business competition. Law and technology ought to be thought of as allies-not enemies-as they feature complementary strengths, yet it might also have their curses. Some intriguing articles has even questioned how blockchain would cause the death of anti-trust, the so-called competition law. Meanwhile this article would focus on elaborating consequences of blockchain technology both positive and negative sides in Indonesia Competition Law Perspective, both in substantial and procedural law, using library research, statute, comparative, and conceptual approach.