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All Journal Yustisia Arena Hukum Jurnal Media Hukum Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada
Agustina Merdekawati
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Geothermal Exploitation in a World Heritage Site: a Case Study of Gunung Leuser National Park Marsudi Triatmodjo; Agustina Merdekawati; Sandy Nurvianto; Irkham Afnan Trisandi Hasibuan; I Gusti Putu Agung
Yustisia Vol 10, No 1: April 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/yustisia.v10i1.47797

Abstract

Act Number 21of 2014 on Geothermal Energy is considered a solution to the slow development of geothermal energy utilization for power plants by opening the way for exploitation in conservation forest areas. However, in practice, such exploitation is still constrained because it often clashes with the conservation interest. This study aims to review: (1) the role of Act No. 21/2014 as a legal justification to conduct geothermal power plant exploitation in Gunung Kembar and Gunung Waihlup within the core zone of Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP), and (2) the potential impact of such exploitation on the international recognition of Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra (TRHS) as a world heritage. This research is normative legal research, using secondary data consisting of primary and secondary legal materials, and employs a qualitative method to analyze the data. The results showed that Act Number 21 of 2014 could not justify geothermal exploitation activity within the core zone of GLNP. The study also concluded that the geothermal power plant activity is projected to have the potential to compromise TRHS recognition as a world heritage site.
ANALYSIS ON INDONESIA'S FULFILLMENT OF OBLIGATIONS RISING FROM INTERNATIONAL TREATIES Agustina Merdekawati; Andi Sandi Ant. T. T
Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada Vol 28, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (384.218 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jmh.16394

Abstract

AbstractThis research aims to examine the positions of international law and the applicable principles regarding the issues of fulfillment of international obligations under ratified/acceded international agreements by Indonesia. Upon assessment, this research concludes that: Firstly, there are two main obligations that should be fulfilled by Indonesia in an international agreement and treaties, which is legal obligation and moral obligation. Secondly, practices shown that Indonesia’s commitments in fulfilling its international obligation are still not optimal, as a solution, it is recommended that future ratification of international agreement should include additional executorial / performance provision either in the form of Law or Presidential Regulation.IntisariPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana ketentuan hukum internasional mengatur persoalan kewajiban hukum negara terhadap pemenuhan perjanjian internasional yang telah diratifikasi/diaksesi dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana praktik yang Indonesia terkait pemenuhan kewajiban tersebut. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa: Pertama, bahwa terdapat 2 kewajiban yang harus dilakukan oleh setiap negara pihak terkait dengan pemenuhan Perjanjian Internasional yakni kewajiban hukum dan kewajiban moral. Kedua, bahwa praktik pelaksanaan kewajiban pemenuhan Perjanjian Internasional di Indonesia masih kurang optimal dan sebagai solusinya dapat ditambahkan beberapa penegasan untuk pemenuhan berbagai kewajiban tersebut dalam bentuk penambahan klausula dalam produk pengesahan perjanjian internasional baik yang berupa Undang­Undang Ratifikasi maupun Peraturan Presiden.
Equity Interest Scheme in Polymetallic Nodules Deep Seabed Mining: The Positives and Negatives Agustina Merdekawati; I Made Andi Arsana
Jurnal Media Hukum Vol 29, No 1: June 2022
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jmh.v29i1.13770

Abstract

UNCLOS 1982 initially obliged all applicants to submit a reserved area when applying for exploration activities in the Area. Such provisions were derogated when the equity interest scheme was introduced in the exploration regulations for polymetallic sulphides and cobalt-rich ferromanganese crust. The applicant may choose to submit a reserved area or offer an equity interest in a joint venture with the Enterprise. There has been a push to implement the same policy for polymetallic nodule (PMN) explorations. Although this prospect has sparked much support and rejections, there have been no scholarly articles substantiating such alignment's positive and negative impacts. Applying the scheme for all three types of minerals may significantly impact the implementation of the common heritage of mankind principle in the Area. This article normatively assesses the prospect of incorporating the equity interest scheme into the PMN utilization regime to identify its advantages and disadvantages compared to the reserved area scheme. The study found that incorporating the equity interest scheme for PMN would be oriented to optimize the financial benefits. However, it would further compromise the access for developing countries.
COMPATIBILITY OF INDONESIA'S REGULATIONS ON SUBMARINE CABLE WITH UNCLOS 1982 Agustina Merdekawati; Swissitya Ajari; Irkham Afnan Trisandi Hasibuan; I Gusti Putu Agung
Arena Hukum Vol. 14 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Arena Hukum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2021.01402.5

Abstract

AbstractThe special status of Exclusive Economic Zone of Indonesia (EEZ) raises a problem particularly related to the submarine cable laying activities. This study aims to analyze the compatibility of the marine location permit instrument under Law No. 32/2014 on Marine Affairs and Government Regulation No. 32/2019 on National Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) with UNCLOS 1982 in regulating submarine cable in the EEZ. This normative research shows that the marine location permit instrument regulating submarine cable laying activity in EEZ is incompatible with the provisions of UNCLOS 1982. In contrast, the MSP instrument is compatible and a suitable instrument to protect Indonesia's interests in the EEZ. The Government of Indonesia is advised to regulate an exemption clause for submarine cable installation in EEZ in the Draft of Government Regulation on Marine Location Permit; formulate and formalize ‘prior notification’ procedures by other countries in submarine cable laying activities in EEZ into laws and regulations; and publish the Government Regulation on Marine Spatial Planning and its annexes through the channels of relevant international organizations such as International Cable Protection Committee (ICPC) and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC).AbstrakKekhususan Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia (ZEE) menimbulkan permasalahan terkait bentuk instrumen hukum yang dapat diterapkan oleh Indonesia untuk mengatur aktivitas pemasangan kabel bawah laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesesuaian instrumen izin lokasi laut dalam Undang-Undang 32/2014 tentang Kelautan; dan Peraturan Pemerintah 32/2019 tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Laut (PP RTRL) terhadap UNCLOS 1982 dalam mengatur aktivitas pemasangan kabel bawah laut di ZEE. Hasil penelitian normative ini menunjukkan bahwa instrumen izin lokasi laut tidak berkesesuaian dengan ketentuan UNCLOS. Sementara, instrumen rencana tata ruang laut berkesesuaian dengan ketentuan UNCLOS sehingga menjadi instrumen yang tepat untuk melindungi kepentingan Indonesia. Tim peneliti merekomendasikan kepada Pemerintah Indonesia untuk mengatur klausul pengecualian terhadap pemasangan kabel bawah laut di ZEE dalam Rancangan PP Izin Lokasi Laut; memformulasikan dan merumuskan prosedur ‘prior notification’ oleh negara lain dalam aktivitas pemasangan kabel bawah laut di ZEE ke dalam peraturan perundang-undangan, dan memublikasikan eksistensi PP RTRL beserta lampiran-lampirannya melalui kanal organisasi-organisasi internasional terkait seperti International Cable Protection Committee (ICPC) dan Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC).
Co-Authors Andi Sandi Ant. T. T Bintari Dyah Ramadhani dan Marsudi Triatmodjo I Gusti Putu Agung I Made Andi Arsana Irkham Afnan Trisandi Hasibuan Sandy Nurvianto Swissitya Ajari