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Agricultural Environmental Management Strategy KURNIA, UNDANG; SUTRISNO, NONO
Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 2, No 01 (2008): Juli 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Developments in Indonesia has raised several positif impact for most people due to gaining the new opportunity jobs. However, these positive opportunity often raised negative impact, especially on land resources and the environment, and people surrounding. Development industries on productive agriculture land have decreased agricultural areas, pollution of soil, water bodies/rivers, and cheerfulness and health of people and other humanlife. Mine activities also caused negative impact such asdegradation of land resources and environment, and pollution due to the application of chemical matterial on sevaration of mine products. Land clearing for infrastructures construction (roads, buildings, bridges), and agricultural practices had caused land degradation and the environment, and pollution as well. The disturbance of natural resources and environmental imbalance caused the deterioration of soil productivity, and the quality of agricultural yield due to chemical contamination on soil, rivers/water bodies, and crops. These condition has to consider necessary effort on the agricultural and environmental management more precised,directed, and accurated. Therefore, identification and characterization of sources of degradation and pollution, and analyses on issues raised in the field to form strategic effort on agricultural environmental management. The deterioration of soil productivity could be managed by applying soil conservation and land rehabilitation techniques through integrated management of related governments, institutions, and farmers/people. The pollution on soil and plant need quality standard criterium for heavy metals, and the values could be determined and difined for Indonesia condition. Critical levels of heavy metals in the soil could be used as a guide for implementation of law imporcement. Industrial waste which is polluted rivers and water bodies could be easly predicted, due tospesific industry resulted chemical contents of liquid waste similar with content of raw materials. Inappropiate land management could accelerate increasing green house gases in the atmosphere, and would be caused global warming as well. Excessive carbondioxide emission could be controlled by sequistrated CO2 through revegetation and rehabilitation of degraded land. Methane (CH4) and nitrousoxide (N2O) emission from lowland rice could be controlled by reduction its planting areas and substitute by non rice commodites, appropiate and better water management, and slow release nitrogen fertilizer application.

AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGY KURNIA, UNDANG; SUTRISNO, NONO
Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 2, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development

Developments in Indonesia has raised several positif impact for most people due to gaining the new opportunity jobs. However, these positive opportunity often raised negative impact, especially on land resources and the environment, and people surrounding. Development industries on productive agriculture land have decreased agricultural areas, pollution of soil, water bodies/rivers, and cheerfulness and health of people and other humanlife. Mine activities also caused negative impact such asdegradation of land resources and environment, and pollution due to the application of chemical matterial on sevaration of mine products. Land clearing for infrastructures construction (roads, buildings, bridges), and agricultural practices had caused land degradation and the environment, and pollution as well. The disturbance of natural resources and environmental imbalance caused the deterioration of soil productivity, and the quality of agricultural yield due to chemical contamination on soil, rivers/water bodies, and crops. These condition has to consider necessary effort on the agricultural and environmental management more precised,directed, and accurated. Therefore, identification and characterization of sources of degradation and pollution, and analyses on issues raised in the field to form strategic effort on agricultural environmental management. The deterioration of soil productivity could be managed by applying soil conservation and land rehabilitation techniques through integrated management of related governments, institutions, and farmers/people. The pollution on soil and plant need quality standard criterium for heavy metals, and the values could be determined and difined for Indonesia condition. Critical levels of heavy metals in the soil could be used as a guide for implementation of law imporcement. Industrial waste which is polluted rivers and water bodies could be easly predicted, due tospesific industry resulted chemical contents of liquid waste similar with content of raw materials. Inappropiate land management could accelerate increasing green house gases in the atmosphere, and would be caused global warming as well. Excessive carbondioxide emission could be controlled by sequistrated CO2 through revegetation and rehabilitation of degraded land. Methane (CH4) and nitrousoxide (N2O) emission from lowland rice could be controlled by reduction its planting areas and substitute by non rice commodites, appropiate and better water management, and slow release nitrogen fertilizer application.

CHANGES OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER FRACTION ON ULTISOLS JASINGA BY SOIL TILLAGE AND ORGANIC MATTER PRACTICES NURIDA, NENENG LAILA; HARIDJAJA, O.; ARSYAD, S.; SUDARSONO, .; KURNIA, UNDANG; DJAJAKIRANA, G.
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 26 (2007): Desember 2007
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n26.2007.%p

In situ organic matters, such as Mucuna sp., Flemingia sp., and plant residues differ in quality (in terms of lignin, cellulose and nutrients contents). Such difference determines soil organic matter content especially labile fraction that could effect on soil properties. The aims of this research were to study: 1) the effects of various sources and quality of organic matters on soil organic fraction, and 2) the relationships between the changes of particulate organic matter and C-microbes (POM and Cmic) and soil quality indicators. The experiments were conducted in greenhouse of the Center for Soil and Agroclimate Research and Development, Bogor, from January to May 2003. The factorial completely randomized design was used with three replications. The first factor was the method of organic matters application: 1) mulch on soil surface and 2) incorporated with soils. The second factor was the sources of organic matters (dosage in equvalent with 2% organic C), i.e: 1) Mucuna sp., 2) Flemingia sp., 3)maize residue, 4) mixture of Mucuna sp., and Flemingia sp., 5) mixture of Flemingia sp. and maize residue, 6) mixture of Mucuna sp. and maize residue, and 7) mixture of Mucuna sp., Flemingia sp., and maize residue. The results showed that on organic matter application with incorporated method, C/N ratio and lignin content of organic matter have positive correlation with organic C, Cmic and Cmic/Corg, but have negative correlation with POMp. The changes of soil qualities caused by short term organic matter application could be seen from the changes of labile fraction of organic matter. When organic matter was incorporated, POMtand POMt/Corg have positive correlation with bulk density, but have negative correlation with RPT, PDC, available K, and total- N. When organic matter was spreaded on the soil surface, Cmic has positive correlation with available P. The changes on labile fraction (Cmic and POMt) was easy to be detected in short period, thus the changes of physical characteristics and the availability of macro nutrients is easy to be predicted.

PRESERVATION OF ORGANIC MATTER AS AFFECTED BY VARIOUS CLAY CONTENTS IN AN ACID SOIL:BENEFICIAL IMPACT ON GROUNDNUT YIELD ANDA, MARKUS; SURYANI, ERNA; KURNIA, UNDANG
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 27 (2008): Juli 2008
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n27.2008.%p

Systematic study on the effect of various clay contents on organic C dynamic and groundnut yield (Arachis hypogea) in upland acid soils has not received any attention. The objectives of the study were: (i) to assess the capability of various soil clay contents to preserve organic C, (ii) and to relate the effects of soil clay fraction and organic C on groundnut yield of an acid soil (Ultisol). The soil clay content was artificially adjusted to 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75%. Each soil clay percentage was thoroughly mixed with finely ground rice straw at the rate equals to 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% of organic C. The soil was then transferred into a pot and planted with corn (Zea mays)for the first 6 months and followed by groundnut for further 6 months. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with three replications under glasshouse conditions. Results for the first 6 months have been published elsewhere. Hence, results for the last 6 months were presented here. Soil clay was the major factor responsible for the preservation of organic C as indicated by (i) the increased soil organic C with increasing clay fraction, and (ii) the low mineralization rate as shown by CO2-C: total C ratio from low to high 75<60<45<30<15% soil clay. It is observed that every 15% clay increment could preserve another 0.3% organic C for the period of 12 months. The increased soil organic C could linearly increase groundnut yield for 15 and 30% clay and quadratic yield for 45 and 60% clay. The maximum grain yield was 25.7-27.6 g pot-1 (equals to 2.9-3.1 t ha-1), which was obtained at 30-45 % clay containing 1.8-1.9% soil organic C.

EVALUATION OF EROSION AND SILTATION OF LAKE TONDANO BASED ON THE HYDROLOGICAL AND SOIL CHARACTERISTICS OF ITS CATCHMENT HIKMATULLAH, .; H, SUBAGYO; KURNIA, UNDANG; AMIEN, LE ISTIQLAL
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 18 (2000): Desember 2000
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n18.2000.%p

The lake Tondano in North Sulawesi Province, has very important role, namely as the source of domestic water use for Manado town, electric power generator, fisheries, and tourism. It has been issued to serious siltation process over the tolerable Iimit due to soil erosion, so that the water quantity and quality are worried to be decrease. The objective of the research is to study the possibility occuring of lake siltation caused by soil erosion, by analyzing the hydrological and soil characteristics data from the Tondano catchment. The hydrological data analysis includes the river discharge and sediment discharge entering the lake, lake depth, and lake water balance. The soil data analysis consists of chemical and physical soil properties, soil infiltration rate, and erosion hazard of the catchment predicted by universal soil loss equation (USLE) method. The results indicate that the water lake level fluctuation and the outlet discharge depend on the amount of rainfall. The discharge of sediment suspension entering the Jake was 7,540 tons per year compared to the lake volume as much as 680 millions m3, the lake would be full-filled by the sediments in thousands of years. The measured deepest lake depth at present is about 22 m, and during the last century, the lake was decrease as much as 6 m. The infiltration rate of main soils varies from moderate to very rapid (22- 71 cm/hr), and are still higher than the maximum absolute rainfallintensity, so that overland flow occurs very little. The amount of soil loss by erosion indicates that 94% of the catchment area is lower than the maximum tolerable limits (< 12 t/ha/yr). This research has proved that the hydrological and soil condition of the Tondano catchment have not yet been serious degradation caused by erosion, so that the accelerated siltation due to erosion process was not occur in the lake catchment and its surrounding.

Agricultural Environmental Management Strategy UNDANG KURNIA; NONO SUTRISNO
Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 2, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jsdl.v2n1.2008.%p

Developments in Indonesia has raised several positif impact for most people due to gaining the new opportunity jobs. However, these positive opportunity often raised negative impact, especially on land resources and the environment, and people surrounding. Development industries on productive agriculture land have decreased agricultural areas, pollution of soil, water bodies/rivers, and cheerfulness and health of people and other humanlife. Mine activities also caused negative impact such asdegradation of land resources and environment, and pollution due to the application of chemical matterial on sevaration of mine products. Land clearing for infrastructures construction (roads, buildings, bridges), and agricultural practices had caused land degradation and the environment, and pollution as well. The disturbance of natural resources and environmental imbalance caused the deterioration of soil productivity, and the quality of agricultural yield due to chemical contamination on soil, rivers/water bodies, and crops. These condition has to consider necessary effort on the agricultural and environmental management more precised,directed, and accurated. Therefore, identification and characterization of sources of degradation and pollution, and analyses on issues raised in the field to form strategic effort on agricultural environmental management. The deterioration of soil productivity could be managed by applying soil conservation and land rehabilitation techniques through integrated management of related governments, institutions, and farmers/people. The pollution on soil and plant need quality standard criterium for heavy metals, and the values could be determined and difined for Indonesia condition. Critical levels of heavy metals in the soil could be used as a guide for implementation of law imporcement. Industrial waste which is polluted rivers and water bodies could be easly predicted, due tospesific industry resulted chemical contents of liquid waste similar with content of raw materials. Inappropiate land management could accelerate increasing green house gases in the atmosphere, and would be caused global warming as well. Excessive carbondioxide emission could be controlled by sequistrated CO2 through revegetation and rehabilitation of degraded land. Methane (CH4) and nitrousoxide (N2O) emission from lowland rice could be controlled by reduction its planting areas and substitute by non rice commodites, appropiate and better water management, and slow release nitrogen fertilizer application.

Changes of Soil Aggregate on Degraded Jasinga Ultisols by Soil Tillage and Organic Matter Practices NENENG LAILA NURIDA; UNDANG KURNIA
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 30 (2009): Desember 2009
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n30.2009.%p

Soil aggregate is soil characteristics which is sensitive to change due to soil tillage. Organic matter practices and soil tillage difference have an important role in determining the quality and quantity of soil aggregate. The objective of this research is to study the quality changes of soil aggregation on Ultisols Jasinga degraded by various soil tillage and organic matter practices. This research was carried out at Jasinga Village, Jasinga Sub District, Bogor District in 2003 planting season (PS). The randomized block design with three replications was used. The Main plot was artificial desurfacing which consisted of three treatments, i.e: non-artificial desurfacing, 5 cm depth of artificial desurfacing, and10 cm depth of artificial desurfacing, whereas sub plot treatments were soil tillage and soil rehabilitation with Mucuna sp. (tillage+Mucuna sp.), no soil tillage and without rehabilitation (no tillage without Mucuna sp.), soil tillage without rehabilitation (tillage without Mucuna sp.), and no soil tillage with rehabilitation (no tillage+Mucuna sp.). The result of this research showed that periodic application of fresh organic matters was able to maintain the quality of macroaggregate on eroded soil (0.36-15.47 cm). Minimum soil tillage application and continuos organic matter practices (>21 t ha-1 year-1) are soil conservation technique that has been able to maintain soil aggregate, even without rehabilitation with Mucuna sp. Various organic matters (Mucuna sp., plant waste, and flemingia) are needed to be applied periodically to maintain the quality of soil aggregate.

P Extraction Method and Fertilizer Requirement of Soybean on Typic Kandiudox in Papanrejo, Lampung DEDI NURSYAMSI; M.T SUTRIADI; UNDANG KURNIA
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 22 (2004): Desember 2004
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n22.2004.%p

Field experiment to select extraction method, determine nutrient availability class, and estimate P fertilizer recommendation for soybean on Typic Kandiudox was conducted in Papanrejo, Lampung. The experiment applied single location approach with two steps of activities. The first step conducted in dry season 2002 was to make artificial soil P status by adding P: 0X (very low), 1/4X (low), 1/2X (medium), 3/4X (high), and X (very high status), where X was amount of P required to attain 0,2 μg P l-1 in soil solution. The second step, conducted in the following season (wet season 2002/2003), was P treatment in each artificial soil P status by using P fertilizer: 0, 20, 40, 80, and 160 kg P ha-1 from SP-36 with 3 replicates. The result showed that Mehlich, Olsen, Truogh, Bray 1, and Bray 2 could be used to estimate P fertilizer requirement for soybean on Typic Kandiudox. Among the extractions, Bray 1 was the best. The levels of soil P availability extracted using Bray 1 were classified into: low (<8 ppm P205), medium (8–20 ppm P205), and high (>20 ppm P2O5), while soil P availability extracted using Bray 2 were <12, 12–36, and >36 ppm P2O5 for low, medium, and high classes, respectively. P fertilizer recommendation for soybean on Typic Kandiudox with low, medium, and high soil P availability classes was 58, 45, and 16 kg P ha-1 or equal to 355, 279, and 97 kg SP-36 ha-1, respectively.

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