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Chinaâ€™s Public Diplomacy Through the Utilization of Investment and Censorship in Hollywood (2012 â€“ 2016) Baskoro, Riski M; Theresia, Amalia Agustina; Raharyo, Anggara
Sospol : Jurnal Sosial Politik Vol 5, No 1 (2019): Januari-Juni
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

The conduct of traditional public diplomacy was merely concerned on the engagement of state actors. Not to mention, diplomatic communication is only occurred between the government officials by intention to earned political changes in targeted countries. Recently, public diplomacy is mainly focused on the positive reputation building in the other country and is conducted through political and economic cooperation among two countries or more, by involving the non-state actors also. Starting from its economic reforms initiative, China is engaged in international trade and successfully became one of global economic powers. By its rapid raise, China is feared to be a national threat to other countries, be it politically, economically, or even for the national security. Even more, the Western media often portrays China?s image in a negative light. Hence, in improving its global image, China expands its global outreach by establishing cooperation with the United States film industry, Hollywood, that strengthen by the 2012?s Memorandum of Understanding upon film industry, also by implementing Chinese censorship policy, where negative portrayals of China is prohibited. The conduct of censorship itself would be supervised under state-ruled agency, the SAPPRFT, and is supported by the involvement of Chinese multinational companies investors. Through this research study, the effort of China?s public diplomacy on the utilization of Hollywood as the United States film industry would be proven through new public diplomacy theory. Further, the role of multinational corporations will be assessed due to its essential contribution in enhancing Chinese censorship in Hollywood films for its global release.

EAST ASIA REGIONAL LEADERSHIP DYNAMIC IN MEGA-REGIONAL AGREEMENT ERA (Dinamika Kepemimpinan Regional Asia Timur Dalam Era Perjanjian Mega-Regional) Anggara Raharyo; Sheiffi Puspapertiwi
Jurnal Politica Vol 9, No 1 (2018): Jurnal Politica Mei 2018
Publisher : Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Mega-regional has become a major trend of the global political economy in this contemporary era. The most talked mega-regional negotiations are centered in East Asia, where Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) seemed to be contested toward each other. The two mega-regional negotiations promised solution and advancement from stagnant multilateralism and regional trade agreement redundancy. Both regimes also promised possibility for East Asia regionalism, as an inevitable consequence of deeper integration created by the two regimes. Regional leadership is thus becoming a prominent issue, as great powers such as Japan, China, and ASEAN, will struggle to become a regional leader. While participating countries are motivated to conclude negotiation, a major event occurred with the withdrawal of the US from TPP and the establishment of its successor, Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). This study is aimed to understand East Asia political economy leadership constellation, regarding the current development of mega-regional trade agreements involving the region. We use “leadership” and “regional leadership” as our conceptual frameworks. We use the qualitative method in our study, in which data is obtained from the latest journals and books through literature review. Based on our analysis, we argue that this major shock event has created disruption in East Asia Regionalism, as it provided a new playing field for Japan, changing the balance of regional leadership. To conclude our study, we also propose scenarios for each East Asia great power as an initial discussion responding to this changing event. AbstrakMega regional telah menjadi tren utama dalam politik ekonomi era kontemporer. Negosiasi mega regional yang banyak diperbincangkan berpusat pada Asia Timur, di mana Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) dan Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) dikontestasikan dengan satu sama lain. Keduanya menjanjikan solusi dan peningkatan dari stangnansi multilateralisme dan redundansi perjanjian perdagangan regional. Keduanya juga menjanjikan kemungkinan regionalism di Asia Timur, sebagai konsekuensi yang tidak dapat dihindari dari integrasi yang intensif dari kerangka rezim yang ada. Kepemimpinan regional kemudian menjadi isu yang penting, karena kekuatan besar seperti Jepang, China, dan ASEAN akan mencoba untuk menjadi pemimpin kawasan. Di tengah negosiasi negara peserta untuk segera menyelesaikan negosiasi panjang RCEP, peristiwa penting terjadi di mana AS mundur dari TPP serta dibentuknya Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) sebagai penggantinya. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memahami konstelasi kepemimpinan ekonomi politik Asia Timur, dikaitkan dengan perkembangan dari perjanjian perdagangan mega-regional yang melibatkan kawasan ini. Kami menggunakan konsep “kepemimpinan” dan “kepemimpinan kawasan” sebagai kerangka konseptual dalam tulisan ini. Metode kualitatif digunakan dalam studi ini dengan data yang diperoleh dari jurnal terbaru dan buku melalui studi literatur. Berdasarkan analisa yang dilakukan, kami berargumen bahwa peristiwa ini telah menciptakan disrupsi terhadap regionalism Asia Timur, di mana peristiwa tersebut menciptakan arena yang baru bagi Jepang, sehingga mengubah keseimbangan dinamika kepemimpinan regional. Sebagai akhir dari studi yang kami lakukan, selanjutnya kami menawarkan skenario bagi tiap kekuatan besar Asia Timur, membuka diskusi awal sebagai respon dari peristiwa yang terjadi.

Decentralization of Foreign Cooperation: Case Study of Sister Province Cooperation Between West Java, Indonesia And South Australia [Desentralisasi Kerja Sama Luar Negeri: Studi Kasus Kerja Sama Antara Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Barat, Indonesia Dan Austra] Andriani Florencia Dharmajaya; Anggara Raharyo
Jurnal Politica Vol 10, No 1 (2019): Jurnal Politica Mei 2019
Publisher : Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22212/jp.v10i1.1316

Cooperation between cities and states/provinces has gained its attention in contemporary global affairs. Most scholars refer to it as para-diplomacy, which can be defined as cooperation between sub-national actors for the benefit or the interest of the national governments. This research focuses on the practice of para-diplomacy between West Java Province of Indonesia and South Australia. It aims to explain the progress of the sister province cooperation out of the renewal of its agreement in 2015 and their progress of cooperation until 2017. This research utilizes annual reports of the cooperation from both sides of the parties to identify the practices and progress of the cooperation. From the analysis, cooperation in agriculture, fisheries, and tourism, including culture and education are still in the developing progress. Nevertheless, several sectors have shown an improvement on the West Java’s side.AbstrakKerja sama antar Pemerintah Kota dan Pemerintah Provinsi telah menjadi salah satu perhatian di studi Hubungan Internasional. Mayoritas peneliti menamakan hal ini sebagai aktivitas paradiplomasi yang berarti kerja sama yang dilakukan oleh aktor sub-nasional untuk mendapatkan manfaat atau mencapai kepentingan nasional. Penelitian ini berfokus pada praktek paradiplomasi antara Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Barat dengan Australia Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perkembangan dari kerja sama provinsi yang telah dilaksanakan dari pembaharuan perjanjian kerja sama pada tahun 2015 hingga tahun 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan laporan tahunan dari kedua belah pihak sebagai sumber utama. Dari analisis ini, kerja sama dalam bidang pertanian, perikanan, dan pariwisata serta kebudayaan dan pendidikan masih dalam tahap perkembangan awal. Walaupun, beberapa sektor telah menunjukkan perkembangan yang baik, terutama bagi Jawa Barat.

China’s Public Diplomacy Through the Utilization of Investment and Censorship in Hollywood (2012 – 2016) Riski M Baskoro; Amalia Agustina Theresia; Anggara Raharyo
Sospol : Jurnal Sosial Politik Vol. 5 No. 1 (2019): Januari-Juni
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/sospol.v5i1.7765

The conduct of traditional public diplomacy was merely concerned on the engagement of state actors. Not to mention, diplomatic communication is only occurred between the government officials by intention to earned political changes in targeted countries. Recently, public diplomacy is mainly focused on the positive reputation building in the other country and is conducted through political and economic cooperation among two countries or more, by involving the non-state actors also. Starting from its economic reforms initiative, China is engaged in international trade and successfully became one of global economic powers. By its rapid raise, China is feared to be a national threat to other countries, be it politically, economically, or even for the national security. Even more, the Western media often portrays China’s image in a negative light. Hence, in improving its global image, China expands its global outreach by establishing cooperation with the United States film industry, Hollywood, that strengthen by the 2012’s Memorandum of Understanding upon film industry, also by implementing Chinese censorship policy, where negative portrayals of China is prohibited. The conduct of censorship itself would be supervised under state-ruled agency, the SAPPRFT, and is supported by the involvement of Chinese multinational companies investors. Through this research study, the effort of China’s public diplomacy on the utilization of Hollywood as the United States film industry would be proven through new public diplomacy theory. Further, the role of multinational corporations will be assessed due to its essential contribution in enhancing Chinese censorship in Hollywood films for its global release.

Actualizing Blue Economy: Multi-Track Diplomacy in Supporting Indonesia – Philippines Ocean Economy Cooperation (2014-2017) Yossica Novyanti Lyonitha Putri; Anggara Raharyo
AEGIS : Journal of International Relations Vol 3, No 2 (2019): March - August 2019
Publisher : President University

This article aims to analyse Indonesia’s diplomacy strategy to the Philippines in actualizing blue economy from 2014 until 2017. Indonesia's geographical condition, which is the largest archipelagic country in the world and is located within the coral triangle region brace Indonesia to have enormous marine potentials and high valuation. Indonesia during the reign of President Joko Widodo committed to develop their economy from the marine sector using blue economic principle-- the utilization of marine potential by considering the long-term calculation between social and the environmental sustainability. The authors use complex interdependence theory which shows that cooperation between Indonesia and the Philippines by involving the role of non-governmental organizations and business stakeholders contribute to solve problems and support the successful implementation of the blue economy. Through a qualitative analytic research method, this article finds Indonesia’s diplomacy strategy as the effort to implement blue economy by using Multi-track Diplomacy approach, which focuses on the government (Track I) through the signing of Joint Declaration of Sea Connectivity between the two countries, non-government professional (Track II) through the establishment of the Working Group for Coral Triangle Initiatives involving Non-Governmental Organizations in Indonesia, and business (Track III) through the Coral Triangle Initiatives-Business Forum to the Philippines during the administration of President Joko Widodo in 2014-2017.Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi diplomasi Indonesia ke Filipina dalam mengaktualisasikan ekonomi biru dari 2014 hingga 2017. Kondisi geografis Indonesia, yang merupakan negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia dan terletak di dalam kawasan segitiga karang menganugerahkan Indonesia dengan potensi laut yang sangat besar dan valuasi tinggi. Indonesia pada masa pemerintahan Presiden Joko Widodo berkomitmen untuk mengembangkan ekonomi mereka dari sektor kelautan menggunakan prinsip ekonomi biru-- pemanfaatan potensi kelautan dengan mempertimbangkan perhitungan jangka panjang antara keberlanjutan sosial dan lingkungan. Penulis menggunakan teori ‘complex interdependence’ yang menunjukkan bahwa kerja sama antara Indonesia dan Filipina dengan melibatkan peran organisasi non-pemerintah dan pemangku kepentingan bisnis berkontribusi untuk memecahkan masalah dan mendukung keberhasilan implementasi ekonomi biru.Menggunakan metodologi penelitian kualitatif, skripsi ini menjelaskan strategi diplomasi Indonesia dalam upaya untuk mengaktualisasikan ekonomi bitu dengan menggunakan langkah Multi-track Diplomacy, dengan fokus dalam kerjasama negara (Track I) melalui penandatanganan Joint Declaration of Sea Connectivity antara kedua negara, organisasi non-pemerintah (Track II) melalui penetapan kelompok kerja untuk kerjasama Coral Triangle Initiative dengan melibatkan organisasi non-pemerintah di Indonesia, dan bisnis (Track III) melalui Forum Bisnis Regional Coral Triangle Initiatives kepada Filipina selama masa administrasi Presiden Joko Widodo tahun 2014-2017.

Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) as an Instrument for Regional Leadership of China in the East Asia Region Anggara Raharyo
AEGIS : Journal of International Relations Vol 2, No 2 (2018): March - August 2018
Publisher : President University

The establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) has sparked many debates and controversies in the last five years since it was announced back in 2013. Amongst studies trying to explain the reason for the establishment of the AIIB, most of them are based on the analysis of Sino-U.S. relations especially on how they overlooked China as a replacement for global hegemon to the U.S.However, considering China’s foreign policy in the recent decade, the establishment of the AIIB is considered as a typical step to becoming a leader in regionalism of East Asia. This writing concludes that China is still only aiming to become regional leader in the scale of East Asia. Keywords: East Asia, Regionalism, Leadership, China, AIIB

The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) Loan Projects: Analyzing The People’s Republic of China’s Multilayered Multilateralism Strategy to Turkey (2016-2018) Anggara Raharyo; Shelia Saady
AEGIS : Journal of International Relations Vol 4, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : President University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33021/aegis.v4i1.932

The establishment of Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) was first marked with the proposition made by People’s Republic of China (PRC) President Xi Jinping in 2013. Many since then believes that the establishment of the AIIB is part of PRC’s bigger plan that is the Belt and Road Initiatives (BRI). The significance of Turkey strategic position for the implementation of BRI, it is very crucial for PRC to maintain a steady flow of cooperation with Turkey. Out of 93 members that has joined as a part of AIIB, Turkey stands as the second largest loan receiver by the end of 2018. This article argues that PRC has been using AIIB as part as their BRI plan through its multilayered-multilateralism strategy to Turkey. This article analyze the loan policies that has been made by PRC and AIIB to Turkey from 2016 to 2018

Komitmen Indonesia dalam Implementasi SDGs Nomor 5 untuk Menjamin Keamanan Manusia Khususnya Perempuan (2015-2021) [Indonesia's Commitment on the Implementation of SDGs Number 5 to Guarantee Human Security Especially Women (2015-2021)] Ilmi Dwiastuti; Anggara Raharyo; Muhammad Farid; Riski Baskoro
Verity: Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional (International Relations Journal) Vol 14, No 27 (2022): January - June
Publisher : Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/verity.v14i27.5901

This study examines the Indonesian government's commitment to gender equality as part of SGD 5. Gender equality is a human security concern that is fundamental to Indonesia's development. Thus, Indonesia's commitment and seriousness must be assessed to ensure that the agreed-upon SDG targets are met. The writers employ the concepts of SDGs and Human Security as analytical tools in evaluating and analyzing Indonesia's promises. The writers classify the aims specified in SDG 5 using the UNDP's seven elements of human security. The writers next explain the strategies and capacities required to handle human security based on the elements. The writers also employ a qualitative content analysis method in which the researchers evaluate diverse sources from official papers. Furthermore, the writers then examine the implementation of SDG 5 using the indicators provided by Bappenas. The writers categorize the analysis based on human security elements and provides an assessment of the government's executed strategies. Finally, the writers believes that, overall, Indonesia's commitment to implementing the SDGs program from 2015 to 2021 did not meet the desired target, but it was ideal in certain targets and indicators.Bahasa Indonesia Abstract: Penelitian ini membahas tentang komitmen pemerintah Indonesia dalam menjamin kesetaraan gender sebagai bagian dari SGDs nomor 5. Isu kesetaraan gender merupakan isu keamanan manusia yang menjadi fokus pembangunan Indonesia. Sehingga komitmen dan keseriusan Indonesia perlu dievaluasi untuk menjamin tercapainya target-target dalam SDGs yang sudah disepakati. Dalam mengevaluasi dan menganalisa komitmen Indonesia, penulis menggunakan konsep SDGs dan Keamanan Manusia sebagai alat analisis. Penulis menggunakan tujuh elemen keamanan manusia berdasarkan UNDP dalam mengklasifikasikan target-target yang tercantum dalam SDGs nomor 5. Kemudian, penulis memaparkan strategi dan kapasitas yang diperlukan dalam mengatasi keamanan manusia sesuai elemennya. Penulis juga menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan content analysis dimana para peneliti mengkaji berbagai sumber dari dokumen resmi. Kemudian penulis menganalisa implementasi SDGs nomor 5 menggunakan indikator yang sudah disediakan oleh Bappenas. Penulis mengelompokkan analisa berdasarkan elemen keamanan manusia dan memberikan evaluasi strategi pemerintah yang sudah dijalankan. Terakhir penulis menyimpulkan bahwa Komitmen Indonesia dalam menjalankan program SDGs sejak tahun 2015 hingga 2021 dapat dikatakan belum sesuai target yang diinginkan secara umum, namun sudah sempurna di beberapa target dan indikator.

The Practices of Indonesia’s Cultural Diplomacy in Saudi Arabia through the Tourism Promotion Programs (2015-2018) Annisa Dwida Sunggowo Putri; Anggara Raharyo; Muhammad AS Hikam
Indonesian Perspective Vol 6, No 1: (Januari-Juni 2021), hlm. 1-122
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

This article investigates Indonesia’s cultural diplomacy in Saudi Arabia through the tourism promotion programs from 2015 to 2018. Cultural diplomacy is aimed to raise awareness about the wealth of Indonesian culture relating to tourism that can be utilized in obtaining the desired outcomes. This article employs the concept of ‘sof power’ and qualitative approach with the technique of data collection by analysing the official documents from the Indonesian Ministry of Tourism, as well as the technique of secondary data collection that analyzes several literatures including books, reports, journals, and related articles. This article argues that Indonesia’s efforts in conducting cultural diplomacy practices in Saudi Arabia through the tourism promotion programs from 2015 to 2018 is involving the cultural elements to the programs that were Islamic-nuanced and recognized as the world’s intangible cultural heritage by the UNESCO.

The Practices of Indonesia’s Cultural Diplomacy in Saudi Arabia through the Tourism Promotion Programs (2015-2018) Annisa Dwida Sunggowo Putri; Anggara Raharyo; Muhammad AS Hikam
Indonesian Perspective Vol 6, No 1: (Januari-Juni 2021), hlm. 1-122
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ip.v6i1.37514

This article investigates Indonesia’s cultural diplomacy in Saudi Arabia through the tourism promotion programs from 2015 to 2018. Cultural diplomacy is aimed to raise awareness about the wealth of Indonesian culture relating to tourism that can be utilized in obtaining the desired outcomes. This article employs the concept of ‘sof power’ and qualitative approach with the technique of data collection by analysing the official documents from the Indonesian Ministry of Tourism, as well as the technique of secondary data collection that analyzes several literatures including books, reports, journals, and related articles. This article argues that Indonesia’s efforts in conducting cultural diplomacy practices in Saudi Arabia through the tourism promotion programs from 2015 to 2018 is involving the cultural elements to the programs that were Islamic-nuanced and recognized as the world’s intangible cultural heritage by the UNESCO.

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