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Lukman Hakim
Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta
Medicine & Pharmacology

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A COMPARATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY OF FUROSEMIDE IN SOLID DISPERSIONS FORMS Yandi Syukri; Lukman Hakim; Tedjo Yuwono
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 12 No 1, 2001
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (86.704 KB) | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm0iss0pp28-32

Abstract

Furosemide is a poorly soluble diuretic drug, the solubility of which can be enhanced by solid dispersion with polyvinylpirolidon (PVP). The solid dispersion system was prepared by a solvent method in various ratios of 1 : 5 and 1 : 7 of the drug and PVP, respectively, in order to improve furosemide bioavailability. The bioavailability of furosemide - PVP solid dispersion was compared with pure furosemide (control) and Lasix (reference). The study was done in a cross over design with a single-dose peroral that administered to the white male rabbits (n = 6). Furosemide blood levels were determined spectrofluorometrically by an extraction method. The area under the blood concentration-time curve AUC0 - , peak blood concentration Cmax and time to reach peak blood concentration Tmax were used to compare their bioavailabilities. The solid dispersion systems produced a higher extent of bioavailability than pure furosemide (P < 0,05). On the contrary, no statistically significant difference about the extent of bioavailability between solid dispersion and Lasix (P > 0,05). Finally, furosemide – PVP solid dispersion (1 : 7) was the best formulation with the highest extent of bioavailability and bioequivalence with the Lasix formula.Key Word : Solid dispersion, solubility, dissolution, bioavailability, furosemide.
Acute toxicity test of standardized ethanolic extract of Senggugu (Clerodendrum serratum L. Moon) root bark Wahyono .; Lukman Hakim; Nurlaila .; Marlin Sulistio; Rosmulyati Ilyas
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 18 No 1, 2007
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (234.658 KB) | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm0iss0pp1-7

Abstract

The goal of this research was to assess the potency of acute toxicity, evaluate clinical symptoms, spectrum of toxic effect and mechanism that caused the death of animal test after administration of standardized ethanolic extract of senggugu (Clerodendrum serratum L.Moon) root bark to Balb/C male mice.The research used completely randomized design. The animal test was Balb/C male mice, healthy, age 2-3 months with uniform body weight. Twenty-five mice were grouped into 5 groups, including 1 control group with administration of 0.5 % CMC Na and 4 experimental groups. The dosage for each group were 0.73; 1.21 ; 2.03; and 3.38 g/kg of body weight, respectively. Evaluation of the toxic symptoms and death of animal test was done for 24 hours. If the animal test was died before 24 hours then it underwent surgery to take the heart, liver, lung, kidney, gastric, and intestine. In the end of the evaluation, all mice were killed to take the vital organs for histopathologic examination.The test resulted LD50 of standardized ethanolic extract from senggugu root bark using Balb/C male mice was 1.57 g/kg of body weight. It was categorized as moderately toxic. Administration of the extract caused alterations of animal behaviours including vocalization, passiveness and mucus secretion. Histopathology examination shows infiltration of lymphocyte and neutrophil in intestinal mucous after administration of the extract.Key words: standardized ethanolic extract, Clerodendrum serratum L.Moon, LD50
Co-Authors Marlin Sulistio Nurlaila . Rosmulyati Ilyas Tedjo Yuwono Wahyono . Yandi Syukri