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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Pengembangan Inovasi Pertanian Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan
Anny Mulyani
Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences

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MINERALOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS AS A CONSIDERATION FOR ESTABLISHING SUSTAINABLE SOIL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES Anda, Markus; Mulyani, Anny; Suparto, Suparto
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 13, No 2 (2012): October 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Problems of soil limiting factors affecting crop growth were not fully understood owing to little attention has been given to soil mineralogy and its association to soil chemical properties. The objective of the study was to assess soil  mineralogical and chemical properties of seven soils derived from different parentmaterials as an integrated strategic consideration to establish soil management. Field study was carried out in 2009. Soils were sampled from each horizon of profiles. Results showed that primary and secondary minerals had a strong effect on soil chemical properties. The sand fraction of soils derived from basalt, gabbro, mica schist and serpentinite was dominated by resistant minerals (quartz or opaques), leading to very limited, if any, nutrients released from parent  materials. The clay fraction was dominated by kaolinite for soils derived frombasalt, mica schist and gabbaro, and by amorphous materials for the soil derived from serpentinite resulting in low soil cation exchange capacity (CEC). For other three soils derived from volcanic tuff, volcanic basaltic andesite and volcanic ash, the easily weatherable minerals (feldspar and ferromagnesian) were dominant, suggesting the high reserved nutrients. The presence of halloysite and smectite minerals in the soil derived from volcanic tuff resulted in high soil CEC, while the dominance of amorphous materials in soils derived from volcanic basaltic andesite and volcanic ash was responsible for the low CEC. Forsoils derived from basalt, serpentinite, mica schist and gabbro, therefore, the strategic management should be directed to restore soil CEC, pH, exchangeable cations and P content. For soils derived from volcanic tuff, volcanic basaltic andesite and volcanic ash, the presence of easily weatherable minerals indicated many reserved nutrients; hence the soil management is directed for  replenishment of nutrients removed by crops.
Increasing the Production Capacity of Upland Food Crops MULYANI, ANNY; HIDAYAT, ACHMAD
Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 3, No 02 (2009): Desember 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development

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Upland agriculture plays an important role in producing various kinds of food crops. However, data of the annual upland crops areas that are needed as a basis for area extensification planning is not available. Therefore land area of 10 commodities of annual upland crops was estimated based on its comparison with paddy field areas, with the assumption of cropping index of 100 (one crop per year). For example, upland area planted to maize is assumed 60% of the total harvested area of maize, because the remaining 40% is produced in paddy field areas. Based on these predictions, the upland areas planted to 10 food crops is only about 5.53 million ha or 37.7% of the total annual upland agriculture area of 14.6 million ha. To evaluate the production capacity of the upland areas, we grouped those areas based on soil fertility and potential yield for each commodity. The results indicate that if the 5.53 million ha upland areas are used optimally for food crop production, it can produce 2.82 million tons of unhusked upland rice, 9.15 million tons of corn grain, 0.23 million tons of soybean grain, 0.73 million tons of peanuts pods, 0.20 million tons of mungbeans, 20.81 million tons of cassava, 0.58 million tons of sweet potato, 1.0 million tons of potatoes, 0.21 million tons of shallots and 1.3 million tons of sugarcane. If in the coming year, the total area of upland can be increased gradually from 37.7% to 70% of the total available annual upland areas, i.e. to about 10.2 million ha, thus the upland crops production capacity will increase to 4.9 million tons of upland rice , 16.2 million tons of corn, 0.4 million tons of soybeans, 1.5 million tons of peanuts, 0.35 million tons of mungbeans, 37.3 million tons of cassava, one million tons of sweet potatoes, 1.8 million tons of potato, 0.27 million tons of shallots and 2 million tons of sugarcane. By increasing the upland areas of about 5 million, it will lead to the national selfsufficiency of most commodities until the year of 2050, except for soybeans, potatoes and shallots. Therefore, to maintain selfsufficiency in rice and maize , as well as promote self-sufficiency of other food crop production, the extensification of upland agricultural areas for food crops is a prerequisite.
PERCEPATAN PENGEMBANGAN PERTANIAN LAHAN KERING IKLIM KERING DI NUSA TENGGARA Mulyani, Anny; Nursyamsi, Dedi; Las, Irsal
Pengembangan Inovasi Pertanian Vol 7, No 4 (2014): Desember 2014
Publisher : +622518321746

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Wilayah Nusa Tenggara memiliki iklim kering dengan curah hujan kurang dari 2.000 mm/tahun. Sekitar 72% wilayahnya berbukit dan bergunung dengan solum tanah dangkal dan berbatu. Kondisi ini menjadi tantangan dalam pengembangan pertanian. Oleh karena itu, Balitbangtan melaksanakan kegiatan percepatan pengembangan pertanian di lahan kering beriklim kering sejak tahun 2010 sampai sekarang. Hasil identifikasi sumber daya alam dan sosial ekonomi menunjukkan permasalahan utama yang dihadapi dalam pengembangan pertanian ialah curah hujan rendah, ketersediaan air terbatas, serta produktivitas dan indeks pertanaman rendah (IP < 100). Di beberapa lokasi terdapat sumber air permukaan (sungai, embung, dam parit, mata air) dan air tanah yang belum dimanfaatkan. Oleh karena itu, Balitbangtan melakukan eksplorasi sumber air dan desain distribusinya dengan sistem gravitasi untuk dimanfaatkan pada musim kemarau untuk area 5-15 ha. Selanjutnya, masyarakat diperkenalkan dengan inovasi teknologi varietas unggul, pengelolaan hara (pupuk organik, pupuk hayati, pembenah tanah), pembuatan kandang komunal, dan pengelolaan limbah menjadi kompos. Pembelajaran yang dapat diambil dari kegiatan ini ialah sulitnya mengubah etos kerja dan kebiasaan petani untuk memanfaatkan potensi sumber daya alam secara optimal. Ke depan, selain teknik budi daya, diperlukan pendampingan dan pembinaan kelembagaan secara intensif, termasuk memotivasi petani dalam pengembangan pertanian di wilayahnya.
Co-Authors Achmad Hidayat Dedi Nursyamsi Irsal Las Markus Anda Suparto Suparto