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TRANSFER OF JAVANESE CULTURE IN THE PRODUCTION OF ENGLISH UTTERANCES AND ITS POSSIBLE IMPACT ON INTER-CULTURAL INTERACTION FX Nadar
Humaniora Vol 11, No 2 (1999)
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

This brief paper discusses the ways Javanese speaking English produce utterances in English which show transfer and influence from Javanese culture . It argues that cultural transfer from first language has possible negative impact in intercultural interaction . First, some important characteristics of Javanese culture will be discussed, then examples of utterances commonly produced by Javanese speaking English will be given . The writer collected the data from his classroom activities, his personal experience and also from limited studies on the ways Javanese speaking English produce certain acts by using questionnaires . Finally this paper argues that as cultural transfer may influence the smoothness of interaction between Javanese speaking English with speakers English of other cultures and particularly with native speakers of English, it is essential that teachers as well as learners of English in Indonesia should be aware of such cultural transfer and include the discussion of cultural differences in their teaming process.

RECONSIDERING SOME CULTURAL CONSTRAINTS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH LEARNING FX Nadar
Humaniora Vol 12, No 2 (2000)
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

English is perhaps the most important foreign language in Indonesia . It is used for communication in business with other countries and studied in schools from junior high school to university level . People in Indonesia study English for different reasons . Many of them study English because if they understand English well they will be able to improve their general knowledge . Others particularly university students and lecturers study English because English may help them develop their academic achievement . Other people who are active in tourism and hotel industries need to study English because they have to communicate regularly with people from other countries . Despite the fact that English has been extensively studied, many learners feel they cannot use it for daily communication . This brief essay attempts to explore the constraints, particularly from the cultural views, which may have reduced the success of learning English . Approaches to language learning have undergone changes. Celce-Murcia (1991 :5- 8), for example, describes the stages of 20"-century approaches of language learning . In the sequence of approaches, communicative approach comes last . The origins of communicative language learning are to be found in the changes in the British language learning tradition dating from the late 1960's (Richards and Rogers, 1986 :64) which focus on the functional and communicative potential of the language . Richards and Rogers write (p .64) that with the interdependence of European countries 'the need to articulate and develop alternative methods of language learning was considered a high priority' . It seemed that since then the terms 'communicative' and also 'communication' became more and more popular (Atkinson, 1992 :6) . The implementation of communicative language learning in an EFL (English as a Foreign Language) context may cause problems . Paulston (1979 :3-4) describes the problems of non-native English teacher's imperfect proficiency, sociocultural values, class sizes, social behaviour, etc. which should all be taken into consideration . There may be constraints which reduce the effectiveness of its good values. This essay which views the possibility of implementing the communicative language learning and the likely cultural constraints in its implementation is divided into five main parts : firstly, the introduction; secondly, a glance at English learning in Indonesia; thirdly, communicative English learning ; fourthly, some constraints and how to minimize them ; and finally, the conclusion .

Indonesian Learners’ Difficulties In Understanding The Meaning Of Present Perfect Form In English FX Nadar
Humaniora Vol 14, No 3 (2002)
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

This concise essay is a summary of a limited research project attempting to investigate Indonesian learners’ problems in understanding the English perfect forms. It consists of four parts. Firstly the introduction, which gives an outline of what the essay is about. The second part, a brief literature review, discusses the basic verb phrase structure in English and Indonesian. The third part is a prediction of learners' likely difficulties, and hypotheses based on the ideas drawn from the literature review. Then, the methodology section, the fourth part, discusses how the study is conducted. The fifth part is the result and discussion of the findings, which is finally followed by the conclusion

PENOLAKAN DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS DAN BAHASA INDONESIA FX Nadar; I Dewa Putu Wijana; Soepomo Poedjosoedarmo; Stephanus Djawanai
Humaniora Vol 17, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

This paper discusses refusals in English and in Indonesian and is presented within the framework of pragmatics. The goal is to describe and compare the language politeness strategies used in refusals of both languages. Three hundred and ninety refusals in English and 390 refusals in Indonesian were used as data corpus. Both languages employ some strategies found in Brown and Levinson’s compiled language politeness strategies. However, as compared to refusals in Indonesian, more refusals in English are expressed in single speech acts and combination of two speech acts. Fewer refusals are expressed in combination of three and four speech acts. Refusals in English and in Indonesian also have different inclination in the use of speech act types to express refusals.

IHWAL MENERJEMAHKAN: PROPOSISI TEORETIS CAKUPAN PENGKAJIAN DAN PENELITIAN FX Nadar
Humaniora Vol 17, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

This paper argues that translation should be studied comprehensively in order to achieve optimal comprehension. The study of translation should be done comprehensively which includes the definition, process, principle, problems, management and linguistic aspects of translation. Research in translation should be related to the translation products, the previous learning experience of the translators, and the process of translation. Further, tools and facilities in doing a translation project should be taken into consideration.

THE PROMINENT CHARACTERISTICS OF JAVANESE CULTURE AND THEIR REFLECTIONS IN LANGUAGE USE FX Nadar
Humaniora Vol 19, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Keterkaitan budaya dan bahasa sudah dikenal dan diakui secara luas. Penggunaan bahasa Jawa yang sopan dan halus tidak terpisahkan dari budaya Jawa yang memiliki sifat-sifat khas tertentu. Sifat-sifat khas yang teridentifikasi antara lain adalah keinginan untuk menyembunyikan perasaan diri, mengutarakan pendapat secara tidak langsung, menghindari perhatian bagi diri penutur Jawa, memupuk kebersamaan, dan menghormati lawan tutur. Sifat-sifat khas tersebut direfleksikan dengan jelas dalam penggunaan bahasa Jawa yang dipergunakan dalam komunikasi sehari-hari oleh penutur yang berlatar belakang budaya Jawa.

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