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Evaluasi proses produksi industri gondorukem dari tinjauan aliran massa dan energi (Studi kasus PGT Sapuran) [Evaluation of the gum rosin industrial production process based on mass and energy balances (PGT Sapuran case study) Primaningtyas, Annisa; Widyorini, Ragil
Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan Vol 12, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Kementerian Perindustrian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24111/jrihh.v12i1.5996

Abstract

Abstrak. Gondorukem dan terpentin adalah hasil hutan non kayu hasil distilasi dari getah pinus (Pinus merkusii) dan digunakan sebagai bahan baku pada berbagai industri. Gondorukem dan terpentin termasuk salah satu industri andalan penyumbang devisa negara sehingga perkembangan teknologinya harus mempertimbangkan aspek lingkungan, efisiensi, dan konservasi energi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi aliran massa dan energi yang terdapat pada proses produksi gondorukem dan terpentin untuk selanjutnya dianalisis kesesuaiannya dalam penggunaan energi dan terbentuknya limbah agar menjadi lebih efisien. Penelitian dilakukan di Pabrik Gondorukem dan Terpentin (PGT) Sapuran, Wonosobo, Jawa Tengah milik Perum Perhutani. Data input dan output proses tiap unit produksi dianalisis menggunakan neraca massa dan neraca panas yang dihitung manual dengan data sifat fisika bahan kimia didapatkan dari referensi. Kasus diamati pada waktu musim penghujan dan musim kemarau serta meliputi dua kondisi, yaitu kondisi operasi menggunakan Oleo Pine Resin (OPR) dan tanpa OPR. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa energi yang terbuang pada unit pengendap dan unit penampung untuk kedua jenis proses masing-masing sekitar 6% dan 12% dari total energi yang digunakan di kedua unit tersebut. Limbah terbanyak berupa getah campuran yang terdiri dari getah pinus dan terpentin paling banyak dihasilkan di unit pengencer sebesar 18,72% untuk proses tanpa OPR dan 24,80% untuk proses dengan OPR. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, beberapa perbaikan proses produksi perlu dilakukan oleh perusahaan agar limbah yang terbentuk minimal dan penggunaan energinya menjadi lebih efektif.Kata Kunci: non-kayu; industri; neraca massa; neraca panas Abstract. Gum rosin and turpentine are non-timber forest products distilled from pine sap (Pinus merkusii) and uses as raw materials in various industries. The gum rosin and turpentine industry are one of the pillar contributors to the country's foreign exchange. Therefore, technology development for this industry must consider environmental aspects, efficiency, and energy conservation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the mass and energy flow contained in the gum rosin and turpentine production processes for subsequent analysis of their suitability in energy use and waste generation to be more efficient. The research was conducted at Pabrik Gondorukem dan Terpentine (PGT) Sapuran, Wonosobo, Central Java owned by Perum Perhutani. Input and output process data of each unit of production were analyzed using a mass balance and heat balance that was calculated manually. The physical and chemical data properties were obtained from the references. The cases were observed during the rainy and dry season and included two conditions: operating conditions using Oleo Pine Resin (OPR) and without OPR. The results showed that the energy wasted in the settling unit and storage unit for the two types of processes were around 6% and 12% of the total energy used in the two units. The mixed resin as a waste consisted of both pine resin and turpentine was produced in the dilution unit. The amounts of waste produced in the process without OPR  and with OPR were 18.72 and 24.80%, respectively. The company should improve the production process to minimise waste and increase energy efficiency.Keywords : non-timber; industry; mass balance; energy balance
SINTESIS NANOKITOSAN TERMODIFIKASI NATRIUM KLORIDA DAN APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI PENGAWET KAYU SENGON (Falcataria moluccana) Annisa Primaningtyas; Tomy Listyanto; Ganis Lukmandaru
Journal Penelitian Kehutanan FALOAK Vol 6, No 1 (2022): Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Faloak
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Teknologi Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jpkf.2022.6.1.29-43

Abstract

Chitosan is an environmentally friendly natural preservative. In this study, nanometer-sized chitosan (nanochitosan) modified with NaCl was used as a sengon wood (Falcataria moluccana) preservative. The NaCl addition aimed to make the nanoparticle stable which was affected by chitosan concentration and the dispersion storage time. This study applied nanochitosan as a wood preservative by observing the concentration of chitosan and the storage time factor of nanochitosan dispersion. The samples were tested its anti-termite properties against dry wood termites (Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light), observed the morphology and size of nanochitosan in wood by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and particle size analyzer (PSA). ANOVA results showed no significant effect of concentration and storage time factors on preservation test parameters, but interesting things were found in this study. The particle size of the preservative affected the distribution on the surface. Samples preserved with nanochitosan with varying sizes had termite bites that were evenly distributed throughout the surface. On the other hand, samples preserved with uniformly sized nanochitosan had centered termite bites in several spots of surfaces. It was due to the particle sizes diversity influenced by storage time which provokes the agglomeration and determines the particles distribution in the preservative dispersion and wood surfaces.