Vida Pervaya Rusianti Kusmartono
Balai Arkeologi Kalimantan Selatan

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NEOLITHIC OCCUPATIONS ON THE SOUTHERN SLOPE OF THE MÜLLER MOUNTAINS: NANGA BALANG AND MUARA JOLOI (OKUPASI NEOLITIK DI LERENG SELATAN PEGUNUNGAN MÜLLER: NANGA BALANG DAN MUARA JOLOI) Vida Pervaya Rusianti Kusmartono; Ulce Oktrivia
Kindai Etam : Jurnal Penelitian Arkeologi Vol. 4 No. 1 (2018): Kindai Etam
Publisher : Balai Arkeologi Kalimantan Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2644.578 KB) | DOI: 10.24832/ke.v4i1.37

Abstract

A neolithic occupation in Kalimantan is marked by an open space near the water source and biodiversity which are potential for cultivation. Other characteristics of a neolithic occupation are the presence of archaeological items that suggest a sedentary lifestyle such as pottery, stone adzes, bark-cloth-beaters, and an indication of the arrival of the Austronesia-language-speaking people. Of the sites examined so far, there are two sites indicating open occupations in the southern slope of the Müller Mountains from around 3000-2000 years ago, the Nanga Balang and Muolo Joloi. Both sites are practically located in the heart of Kalimantan in the dense interior of the tropical rainforest. This research discusses the characteristic of Neolithic culture in Nanga Balang and MuaraJoloi to understand their variabilities. The research method used here is descriptive-comparative approach. The result of this research provides information on human strategies in interacting with the natural environment of the tropical rainforest. Keywords: Kalimantan, tropical rainforests, Neolithic occupation, radiocarbon dating, occupation characteristic, human survival. Okupasi neolitik di Kalimantan ditandai oleh ruang terbuka dekat sumber air dan keanekaragaman hayati yang potensial untuk perladangan. Karakteristik lain dari okupasi neolitik adalah keberadaan benda-benda arkeologi yang menunjukkan gaya hidup menetap seperti tembikar, adu batu, pemukul kulit kayu, dan indikasi kedatangan orang-orang berbahasa Austronesia. Dari situs yang diteliti sejauh ini, ada dua situs yang menunjukkan okupasi terbuka di lereng selatan Pegunungan Müller dari sekitar 3000-2000 tahun yang lalu, Nanga Balang dan Muara Joloi. Kedua lokasi tersebut praktis terletak di jantung Kalimantan di pedalaman hutan hujan tropis yang lebat. Penelitian ini membahas karakteristik budaya neolitik di Nanga Balang dan Muara Joloi untuk memahami variasinya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan di sini adalah pendekatan deskriptif-komparatif. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi tentang strategi manusia dalam berinteraksi dengan lingkungan alam hutan hujan tropis pada masa lalu. Kata kunci: Kalimantan, hutan hujan tropis, okupasi neolitik, pertanggalan radiokarbon, karakteristik okupasi, kelangsungan hidup manusia
ARCA BATU SAKE: PENJAGA BUKIT BERIBIT (SAKÉ STONE STATUE: THE KEEPER OF BUKIT BERIBIT) Vida Pervaya Rusianti Kusmartono; Imam Hindarto
Kindai Etam : Jurnal Penelitian Arkeologi Vol. 5 No. 1 (2019): Kindai Etam Volume 5 Nomor 1 November 2019
Publisher : Balai Arkeologi Kalimantan Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (5470.315 KB) | DOI: 10.24832/ke.v5i1.50

Abstract

Pada waktu manusia mulai sadar bahwa terdapat hakikat di alam semesta yang lebih ‘besar’ dan ‘berkuasa’ yang dapat mempengaruhi kelangsungan hidupnya, manusia berupaya untuk dapat mempersonifikasikan ‘kekuatan’ tersebut. Upaya personifikasi ini ditujukan agar ‘kekuatan’ alam lebih bersifat teraba oleh indera manusia. Wujud personifikasi tersebut dapat berupa struktur, gambar arang, lukisan cadas, atau arca, yang dijumpai di situs-situs gua atau situs terbuka di Nusantara. Salah satu wujud personifikasi alam yang ditemukan di Bukit Beribit di pedalaman hutan Sintang di bagian barat Kalimantan adalah arca Sake. Gejala yang menarik dari arca Sake ini adalah sosok dan sifat kesendiriannya, di tengah belantara hutan hujan tropis di lembah selatan Pegunungan Müller, tanpa didampingi komponen lain yang mendukung keberadaannya. Arca Sake ini berupa bentukan monolit vulkanis setinggi 2 meter, dan disebut sebagai ‘batu Tenavak’ oleh masyarakat Ot Danum. Arca serupa belum ditemukan di kawasan lain di Kalimantan. Apakah sebenarnya arca Sake ini? Etnohistori menyebutkan dua versi tentang arca tersebut, yaitu sebagai tanda mata perkawinan Rikai kepada Panjan, dan sebagai perisai spiritual atas serangan musuh terhadap etnis Ot Danum. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif-deskriptif dengan penalaran induktif. Penalaran tersebut diuraikan dengan cara menggambarkan secara rinci data yang telah dikumpulkan, merekamnya secara verbal dan piktoral, dianalisis, untuk selanjutnya disintesiskan. Arca Sake diinterpretasikan sebagai figur arca penjaga, yang konsep pengarcaannya mengambil unsur campuran wujud binatang-binatang amfibi dan reptil dari konsep religi tua, dan berfungsi menjaga kawasan hutan Bukit Beribit. When human began to realize that there was an entity in the universe that was 'bigger' and 'powerful' that can affect their survival, human strived to personify such 'power'. This effort was intended so that the 'strength' of nature was more tangible to human senses. Such personification can take the form of structures, charcoal drawings, rock paintings, or statues, which can be found in cave sites or open sites in Nusantara. One manifestation of this nature personification found at Bukit Beribit in the depths of the Sintang forest in western Kalimantan is the Sake stone statue. An interesting phenomenon about the Sake stone statue is its form and solitariness, in the midst of tropical rainforests in the southern valley of Pegunungan Müller, unaccompanied by components that support its existence. The Sake stone statue is of a volcanic monolith as high as 2 meters, and is called the 'Tenavak stone' by the Ot Danum community. Similar statues have not been found in other regions of Kalimantan. What exactly is the Sake stone statue? The Ot Danum ethnohistory mentions two versions of its identity, i.e. as a dowry from Rikai to Panjan, and as a spiritual shield to prevent the Ot Danum from enemy attacks. This research was conducted using qualitative-descriptive methods with inductive reasoning. The arguments were described by depicting the collected data in detail, recording them verbally and pictorially, analysed and eventually synthesized them. The Sake stone statue was interpreted as a figure of a keeper, where the sculpture takes on an element of mixture of animals amphibian and reptile from old religious concepts, and serves to protect the forest region of Bukit Beribit.
CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT: THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF KALIMANTAN TENGAH AND KALIMANTAN SELATAN Vida Pervaya Rusianti Kusmartono
Naditira Widya Vol 6 No 2 (2012): Oktober 2012
Publisher : Balai Arkeologi Kalimantan Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (426.135 KB) | DOI: 10.24832/nw.v6i2.89

Abstract

Abstrak. PERKEMBANGAN KEBUDAYAAN: ARKEOLOGI KALIMANTAN TENGAH DAN KALIMANTANSELATAN. Selama 1993-2010, lebih dari tujuh puluh lima situs arkeologi di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah danProvinsi Kalimantan Selatan telah diteliti. Bukti-bukti arkeologi memberikan informasi penting tentang okupasiprasejarah, diaspora Austronesia dan tradisi penguburan, perkembangan kebudayaan India dan Cina, daerahaliran sungai dan pemukiman rawa, arsitektur Islam dan kolonial, perencanaan kota dan pemakaman, sistembenteng kolonial, perdagangan keramik, tradisi pembuatan tembikar dan logam, serta arkeologi bawah air. Namundemikian, karakteristik arkeologis masing-masing daerah tersebut menunjukkan kekhasan; Arkeologi KalimantanTengah menyajikan informasi tentang kontinuitas tradisi pemakaman prasejarah, sedangkan Arkeologi KalimantanSelatan berkaitan dengan perkembangan kebudayaan Islam di bawah hegemoni Kesultanan Banjar dan okupasiBelanda.
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON BURIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HARINGEN Vida Pervaya Rusianti Kusmartono
Naditira Widya Vol 5 No 1 (2011): April 2011
Publisher : Balai Arkeologi Kalimantan Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24832/nw.v5i1.101

Abstract

The archaeological remains discovered in a site reflect past human behavior attemptingto adjust oneself with one’s surrounding environment. Thus, there should have been a closerelationship between choosing a prospective activity location and human’s strategy to fulfill one’sbasic needs. Among the sites in the central region of Kalimantan, which indicate the potency todepict the occurrence of a persisting religious-based-tradition of past civilization, is Haringen. Untilnow, one of the traditions which still show the continuity of old culture is burial. In regard to thisresearch, the effort to identify the characteristics of Haringen burial was carried out by using ethnoarchaeologicalapproach. Based on analogical analysis on ethnographic data of the Maanyancommunities who reside in Haringen today, the discussion was foussed on past human behavior inHaringen concerning death management, both involving tangible and intangible features. Therefore,I assume the Haringen burial characteristic is an implementation of the concept of Kaharinganbelief, which is principally, founded from religious concepts occurred in prehistoric period; a periodwhen the concept of ancestor worship was initially developed and elaborated with the concept of‘axis mundi’, which is materialized in form of terraced structures.