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Usman Usman
Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture, Maros
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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FERMENTED BLOOD MEAL USE FOR TIGER GROUPER, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus GROW-OUT DIET Usman Usman; Kamaruddin Kamaruddin; Neltje Nobertine Palinggi; Rachmansyah Rachmansyah; Taufik Ahmad
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2007): (June 2007)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (90.698 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.2.1.2007.7-13

Abstract

The experiment aimed to evaluate the optimal level of fermented blood meal used in grow-out diets for tiger grouper, as an alternative protein source to fish meal. Juvenile tiger grouper, initial weight 31.1 ± 2.1 g, were stocked into 1 m x 1 m x 2 m floating net cages at 20 fish cage-1. The treatment applied was isoprotein and isocaloric diets formulated to contain fermented blood meal (FBM) of 0%, 7.5%, 15.0%, 22.5%, and 30.0% replacement of fish meal protein. The diets were fed to the fish twice a day to satiation for 20 weeks. Based on the Tukey test, the fish fed 0%–15.0% FBM demonstrated similar performance (P>0.05) to those fed the control diet (FBM0) in terms of specific growth rate, weight gain, and feed and protein efficiency. Specific growth rate, weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency of the fish fed 22.5%–30.5% FBM were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those of the fish fed control diet (FBM0). However, there was a significant culvilinier decliner in overall fish performance with increasing inclusion of FPM and most notable for weight gain, feed efficiency and feed consumption. Based on regression analysis, the asymptote where fish growth deteriorates as a function of FBM inclusion was determined to be 8.9%. Tiger grouper diets incorporating up to 9% FBM as fish meal replacement had no adverse affects on fish growth and survival.
Substitution of fishmeal with soybean meal in humpback Grouper, Cromileptes altivelis juvenile diets supplemented with phytase Rachman Syah; Usman Usman; Makmur Makmur; Taufik Ahmad
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 1, No 2 (2006): (December 2006)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (731.907 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.1.2.2006.87-96

Abstract

Feeding experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fishmeal with soybean meal in diet on growth of humpback grouper. Fifteen cages of 1 x 1 x 1.2 m3 each stocked with 16 humpback grouper juveniles (61.3 ± 0.4 g/pc) were set up randomly in seawater. Fish were fed to satiation twice daily for 112 days. The control diet contained 61.9% fishmeal (63.34% crude protein). Four isonitrogenous (48% crude protein) and isocaloric (4.7 kcal/g feed) diets supplemented with commercial phytase “Rhonozyme-P” at 0.075% were formulated to contain different levels (8%, 16%, 24%, and 32%) soybean meal (43.65% crude protein) as a partial replacement for fishmeal. These diets contained total phosphorus levels between 3.6—4.5 (±0.4) % and 0.7—1.5 (±0.04) % available phosphorus. Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal (8 to 32% replacement) was not significantly different (P>0.05) to the control diet on daily growth rate (DGR), food conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and daily food consumption (DFC). However, the dietary levels of soybean meal significantly affected (P<0.05) whole body protein and phosphorus retention (Table 1). These data suggest that addition of phytase in diets could improve protein and phosphorus availability and reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loading in the environment. Phytase can therefore play an important role in formulating eco-friendly feed for humpback grouper. Based on P loading, supplementation of phytase enable up to 24% fishmeal replacement with soybean meal.
Co-Authors Kamaruddin Kamaruddin Makmur Makmur Neltje Nobertine Palinggi Rachman Syah Rachmansyah Rachmansyah Taufik Ahmad Taufik Ahmad