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Nurmeida S Syarief
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PERKEMBANGAN MENTAL BAYI DAN ANAK INDONESIA: HASIL SEANUTS INDONESIA Basuki Budiman; Nurmeida S Syarief; Moesijanti Soekatri
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 36, No 2 (2013): September 2013
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v36i2.143

Abstract

Status gizi ibu hamil mempunyai dampak perkembangan neuropsikologik pada bayi yang dilahirkan. Penyimpangan perkembangan (fisik dan mental) dapat diidentifikasi pada awal kehidupan. South East Asian Nutrition Survey (SEANUTS) adalah penelitian gizi klinik multi-center di empat negara pada bayi dan anak (0,5-12,9 tahun). Negara yang berpartisipasi adalah Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand dan Vietnam. Data psikologi untuk mengetahui perkembangan mental anak,  termasuk aspek yang dikumpulkan. Pengukuran perkembangan anak menggunakan metode Denver Development Screening Test (DDST). Desain penelitian telah dijelaskan oleh Sandjaja, dkk. dalam artikel yang dimuat pada jurnal ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anak Indonesia berusia balita yang dideteksi mengalami penyimpangan perkembangan (all four) sebesar 21,6 persen. Secara rinci penyimpangan perkembangan motorik kasar sebesar 11,5 persen; kemandirian (personal-social), adaptif-motor halus dan bahasa masing-masing 14,5; 11,8; dan 15,8 persen. Proporsi penyimpangan perkembangan pada bayi (0,5-0,9 tahun) terdeteksi paling besar (45,8%) dan secara keseluruhan penyimpangan yang terjadi pada keterampilan berbahasa (bicara) dan perkembangan kemandirian. Secara agregat (pool), hubungan antara penyimpangan neuropsikologik (all four) dan postur tubuh tidak ditemukan. Namun demikian, pada kelompok umur 1,0-2,9 tahun, hubungan tersebut ditemukan, sebaliknya hubungan ini tidak ditemukan pada kelompok umur lain. Pola asuh yang tidak optimal (bahasa, kemandirian) merupakan faktor risiko penyimpangan negatif perkembangan anak.ABSTRACTMENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDONESIAN INFANTS AND CHILDREN: RESULTS OF SEANUTS INDONESIAMaternal nutrition during gestation has consequences on mental development of the offspring. The physical and mental disorders can be identified in early life. South East Asian Nutrition Survey (SEANUTS) is a multicenter nutrition study on children aged 0.5 to 12.9 years in which measurement of mental development is also included. The aim of this paper was to describe mental development of Indonesian children 0.5-5.9 years old. Denver Development Screening Test (DDST) was used to identify the deviation of development. Child’s height was measured to reflect posture. Detailed study design was described by Sandjaja, et al earlier in this issue. The results revealed that total suspected of late all four development was 21.6 percent, including 11.5, 14.5, 11.8, and 15.8 percent for gross-motor development, personal social, adaptation-fine motor, and language skill, respectively. Infants were the most often detected as severe suspected of late developments (45.8%), especially for language and personal social skill. Unadjusted data revealed that there were no associations found between neuropsychological deviation (all four) and posture. When it was adjusted, a significant difference was found only in 1.0-2.9 years old group. We concluded that parenting stimulation as be shown in language skill and personal-social were important risk factors. Keyword: mental development, DDST, posture, multi-center study
TINGKAT KOGNISI ANAK INDONESIA BERUSIA 5,5-12,0 TAHUN: HASIL SEANUTS DI INDONESIA Nurmeida S Syarief; Basuki Budiman; nFN Sandjaja
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 36, No 2 (2013): September 2013
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v36i2.144

Abstract

Perkembangan kognisi atau karakteristik mental dicirikan dengan perkembangan persepsi, memori, imajinasi, daya pikir, kecerdasan. Artikel ini menyajikan hasil SEANUTS tentang tingkat kognisi anak berusia 5,5-12,0 tahun secara deskriptif. Partisipan sebanyak 1368 menggambarkan populasi nasional yang diambil secara acak jamak bertingkat (two stage randomized cluster sampling). Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM) digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat kognisi anak. Kelompok anak terdiri 5,5-7,9 tahun dan 8,0-12,0 tahun. Tingkat kognisi disajikan menurut postur tubuh. Postur dinilai dari skor Z pada indeks TB/U. Tingkat kognisi di bawah rerata pada anak kelompok berusia 5,5-7,9 tahun antara 16,0- 50,0 persen; dan kelompok berusia 8,0-12,0 tahun antara 25,7-69,6 persen. Secara keseluruhan, asosiasi antara kognisi dan postur tubuh tidak nyata pada anak berusia 5,5-7,9 tahun. Pada kelompok usia yang lebih tua tampak perbedaan yang signifikan baik di perkotaan maupun di perdesaan (p0,05). Namun demikian, hubungan itu diduga dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan tempat anak tumbuh termasuk stimulasi neuropsikologis dan status gizi baik mikro maupun makroABSTRACT COGNITIVE LEVEL OF CHILDREN 5.5-12.0 YEARS OLD: RESULT OF SEANUTS IN INDONESIA Cognitive or mental characteristic development includes development of perception, memory, imagination, intellectual skill and IQ. This article provides SEANUTS’ result especially on mental development of school children (5.5-12.0 years old). A nationally representative number of 1368 children involved in this study. Two-stage randomized cluster sampling was implied for deriving required participants. Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM) was administered to measure cognition. Posture was represented by HAZ score. Results showed that proportion of level cognition was below average in the 5.5-7.9 year age group and in the 8.0-12.0 year age group between 16.0- 50.0 percent and 25.7-69.6 percent respectively. The association between cognition and posture at younger group was unclear while at older group, it seemed significantly different (p0.05) both in rural and urban. However, the significant association at lower cognition level were influenced by environment where chlidren grow including neuropsychological stimulation and nutritional status both micro- and macronutrient level. Keywords: cognition, posture, CPM, Indonesian children
Co-Authors Basuki Budiman Moesijanti Soekatri nFN Sandjaja