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THE INFLUENCE OF STARTER VOLUME AND AIR FLOWRATE IN HOSPITAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT USING AEROBIC FIXED FILM BIOFILTER BATCH (AF2B) REACTOR Prayitno, Prayitno; Saroso, Hadi; Rulianah, Sri; Prastika, Mita
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 6, No 1 (2017): June 2017 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Semarang State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v6i1.7952

BOD, COD, phenol and ammonia-free in the effluent of hospitals wastewater often exceed the quality standards. This was due to less optimal biological processes to degrade the pollutants. So we need an efforts to find optimal process conditions through the engineering process and the factors that affect the biodegradation of pollutants. On the other hand, AF2B reactor containing biofilter with bee nest shaped has a large specific surface area so as to maximize the biodegradation process of pollutants by microorganisms. While bacteria consortium consisting of several types of bacteria have a greater capacity than a single bacterium in the degradation of pollutants. The research aims to determine the effect of starter volume and air flowrate to decrease the concentration of pollutants (BOD, COD, phenol and ammonia-free) in AF2B reactor batch using a bacterial consortium. The research was conducted in three phase which are the making of growth curve, acclimatization and biodegradation of pollutants in an AF2B reactor batch using a bacterial consortium. The experiment variables are the starter volume (85%, 75%, 65% in volume), and the air flowrate (2.5; 5; and 7.5 liter/min). Materials used are hospital waste water and bacterial consortium. The experiment begins with setting up the AF2B reactor containing biofilter with bee nest shaped and then filled it with a starter from the acclimatization process on a given volume and followed by supplies of air at a certain flowrate. Then hospital waste water and 5% of nutrients were added till reach 10 liters of total volume in reactor. Samples were taken every 30 minutes for up to 360 minutes of biodegradation process. The samples were then analyzed its pollutants concentration (BOD, COD, phenol and ammonia-free). The BOD concentration was analyzed using Winkler bottles method, COD using open reflux method, while phenol and ammonia-free using UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. The results showed that the starter volume and air flowrate affect the decrease of pollutants concentration till reach quality standard, which at starter volume of 85%, air flowrate of 7.5 liter/min and biodegradation time of 360 min can reduce the BOD, COD, phenol, and ammonia-free to 92%, 86%, 88% and 76% respectively.

THE EFFECT OF CONTACT TIME AND OZON DOSE TO POLUTANTS REDUCTION IN HOSPITAL WASTEWATER Prayitno, Prayitno; Saroso, Hadi; Hardjono, Hardjono; Rulianah, Sri
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11401

In Indonesia, Hospital wastewater treatment generally use biological process followed by chlorination process. Chlorination process has a negative impact on the aquatic environment that is cause death of other microorganisms by the residual chlorine. On the other hand, ozone is more effective than chlorine in killing microorganisms and other pollutants in hospital wastewater. The objective of research is to determine the effect of contact time and dose of ozone to reduction of pollutants (BOD, COD, free Ammonia and Phenol) in hospital wastewater. The experiment was carried out using an ozone reactor containing 'packing', an ozone generator as an ozone gas supplier. The experimental material is a hospital wastewater containing BOD, COD, Phenol and Ammonia free. The experimental variables used were: Contact time (1, 2, and 3 min), Dose of ozone (10, 15, and 20 mg/ L). Experiments were done by flowing hospital waste water at the top of the reactor ozone at certain rate and simultaneously flowed ozone gas from an ozone generator in the bottom of the ozone reactor so that it contacts the fluid in counter-current to the surface of the packing material (packing) in an ozone reactor. By adjusting the flowrate of the wastewater and the height of the packing, it can be determined the amount of contact time and ozone dose. Furthermore, by measuring the amount of pollutant concentration on the influent and effluent of the ozone reactor, it can be obtained the amount of removal in the pollutant concentration of the hospital wastewater.The results showed that contact time and ozone dose influence the decrease of pollutant concentration in hospital wastewater where contact time at 3 minutes and ozone dose 20 mg/L and ozonation time 15 minutes can reduce of pollutants concentration as BOD (97%), COD (98%), Ammonia free (97%), and Phenol (96%).

THE INFLUENCE OF STARTER VOLUME AND AIR FLOWRATE IN HOSPITAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT USING AEROBIC FIXED FILM BIOFILTER BATCH (AF2B) REACTOR Prayitno, Prayitno; Saroso, Hadi; Rulianah, Sri; Prastika, Mita
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 6, No 1 (2017): June 2017 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v6i1.7952

BOD, COD, phenol and ammonia-free in the effluent of hospitals wastewater often exceed the quality standards. This was due to less optimal biological processes to degrade the pollutants. So we need an efforts to find optimal process conditions through the engineering process and the factors that affect the biodegradation of pollutants. On the other hand, AF2B reactor containing biofilter with bee nest shaped has a large specific surface area so as to maximize the biodegradation process of pollutants by microorganisms. While bacteria consortium consisting of several types of bacteria have a greater capacity than a single bacterium in the degradation of pollutants. The research aims to determine the effect of starter volume and air flowrate to decrease the concentration of pollutants (BOD, COD, phenol and ammonia-free) in AF2B reactor batch using a bacterial consortium. The research was conducted in three phase which are the making of growth curve, acclimatization and biodegradation of pollutants in an AF2B reactor batch using a bacterial consortium. The experiment variables are the starter volume (85%, 75%, 65% in volume), and the air flowrate (2.5; 5; and 7.5 liter/min). Materials used are hospital waste water and bacterial consortium. The experiment begins with setting up the AF2B reactor containing biofilter with bee nest shaped and then filled it with a starter from the acclimatization process on a given volume and followed by supplies of air at a certain flowrate. Then hospital waste water and 5% of nutrients were added till reach 10 liters of total volume in reactor. Samples were taken every 30 minutes for up to 360 minutes of biodegradation process. The samples were then analyzed its pollutants concentration (BOD, COD, phenol and ammonia-free). The BOD concentration was analyzed using Winkler bottles method, COD using open reflux method, while phenol and ammonia-free using UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. The results showed that the starter volume and air flowrate affect the decrease of pollutants concentration till reach quality standard, which at starter volume of 85%, air flowrate of 7.5 liter/min and biodegradation time of 360 min can reduce the BOD, COD, phenol, and ammonia-free to 92%, 86%, 88% and 76% respectively.

Conversion of Crude Glycerol from by-Product Biodiesel into Bio-additive of Fuel through Acetylation Reaction based on Modified Zeolite Catalyst Dewajani, Heny; Zamrudy, Windi; Saroso, Hadi; Paramarta, Satria; Mulya, Wahyudianto
ALCHEMY Vol 7, No 2 (2019): ALCHEMY: Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malan

Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuels produced from the transesterification reaction between triglycerides and alcohols with glycerol by-products. So far, the resulting crude glycerol has not been maximally utilized because of its low purity. So, it is necessary to purify glycerol before turning it into a more useful compound. The purified glycerol can be reacted with acetic acid within esterification reaction (acetylation process) using an acid catalyst to produce glycerol triacetate (triacetin). One of the uses of triacetin as an additive in gasoline and biodiesel. The purpose of this study is to utilize glycerol from by-products from biodiesel production to bio-additive materials that can improve fuel quality and are environmentally friendly. The method used in this study begins with the purification of crude glycerol, modification of zeolite catalyst with impregnated of nickel metal followed by an acetylation reaction which held on temperature of 100Â°C for 60 min. The experimental results are analyzed using base titration to determine the remaining unreacted acids and are applied as bio-additives by adding them to commercial fuels and measured the increasing octane numbers. The result shows that the reaction conversion increases with increasing mole ratio of reactants and catalysts with the best results in the mole ratio of acetic acid and glycerol is 9:1 and catalyst 5% by weight of acetic acid with a conversion of 66.02%. As bio-additives the reaction product could increase the octane number of commercial fuel by 6.5 up to 8.5%.Â Keywords: glycerol, acetylation reaction, mofified zeolite, bio-additive

Premixed combustion of coconut oil in a hele-shaw cell Saroso, Hadi; Wardana, I.N.G.; Soenoko, Rudy; Hamidi, Nurkholis
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 3, No 3 (2014): October 2014
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.3.3.155-160

Coconut oil combustion characteristic is observed experimentally by evaporating oil in the boiler then mix it with air before being burned at various equivalence ratios in the Hele-shaw cell. The result shows that, coconut oil tends to break into glycerol and fatty acid due to hydrolysis reaction producing the flame propagation, where the fatty acid flame propagates first then glycerol flame. Micro-explosion occurs when moisture from fatty acid combustion is absorbed by glycerol and higher heating due to higher flame speed produces more micro-explosion.

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