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All Journal Medical Journal of Indonesia Cermin Dunia Kedokteran
Boenjamin Setiawan
Stem Cell and Cancer Institute
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Journal : Cermin Dunia Kedokteran

 1 
Microbiome and Its Roles in Gut-Brain Axis S. Ong, Khing; ST. Lim, Zack; Setiawan, Boenjamin
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 46, No 8 (2019): Kesehatan Anak
Publisher : PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1157.789 KB) | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v46i8.446

Abstract

Among the trillions of microbes that live in our intestinal tract, scientists have found groups of species that play a key role in our health and disease conditions. These microbes harbored on our mucosal and skin surfaces with the bulk of it in the colon of our lower gut system. It is commonly referred to as gut commensal. In this review we summarized briefly our current knowledge of these microbiota or microbiome, and how they work to affect our functions in different organs and systems including our brain and immune system, either directly or indirectly through their metabolites. Technical advances in genetic sequencing such as metagenomic and 16S rRNA (ribosomal RNA) sequencing had greatly facilitate researches on microbiome. Our review will be focused mainly on the roles of microbiome in the gut-brain axis. The use of probiotics and prebiotics for intervention of dysbiosis or altered microbiome will also be discussed.Di antara jutaan mikroba di dalam usus, beberapa kelompok di antaranya dapat berperan dalam kesehatan manusia; secara umum dikelompokkan sebagai gut commensal. Tulisan ini meninjau peranan kelompok tersebut, cara kerjanya dalam memengaruhi metabolisme manusia, termasuk otak dan sistim imun, baik secara langsung maupun dengan perantaraan metabolitnya. Kemajuan teknologi seperti metagenomic dan 16S rRNA (ribosomal RNA) sequencing sangat membantu penelitian mikrobiome. Tulisan ini terutama meninjau peranan mikrobiome pada gut-brain axis; juga akan dibicarakan peranan probiotik dan prebiotik untuk intervensi disbiosis. 
Cancer Immunotherapy and CAR T Cells Ong, Khing S.; Lim, Zack ST.; Setiawan, Boenjamin
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 45, No 12 (2018): Farmakologi
Publisher : PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (127.278 KB) | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v45i12.551

Abstract

Within the past decade, radical changes of idea emerged from the works of research scientists, medical experts and oncologists. Instead of treating cancers with man-made chemicals or chemotherapy and radiotherapy, or surgically remove the tumor, we should unleash the power of our own body immune system. Indeed, such approach has borne fruits and benefited at least for some cancer patients. This review described various types of immunotherapy known to date, with its beneficial effects, albeit some with serious harmful effects. To understand how immunotherapies worked, we also review some biologic characteristic of cancer cell that let them evade attacks from our immune system; cancer microenvironment that works in favor or protecting the growth of cancer against our immune system will also be discussed.Hanya dalam jangka 10 tahun terakhir, telah terjadi perubahan radikal hasil penelitian penyakit kanker. Di samping cara klasik penyembuhan kanker seperti obat-obat kimia sintetik, kemoterapi dan radiologi atau pembedahan, kini para ahli telah menggunakan sistim imunitas tubuh penderita sendiri. Cara ini telah terbukti dalam pengobatan beberapa pasien kanker. Dalam ulasan ini kami akan memaparkan beberapa immunoterapi saat ini dengan hasil baik meskipun masih terdapat beberapa kesalahan dan efek samping. Akan diulas dan dijelaskan sifat-sifat biologi sel kanker, dan bagaimana kanker sel bisa menghindari serangan sistim imun; dan lingkungan mikrokanker (cancer microenviroment) yang melindungi kanker dari sistim imun. 
Anti-aging Interventions : Caloric Restriction and Beyond Ong, Khing S.; Lim, Zack S.T.; Setiawan, Boenjamin
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 45, No 9 (2018): Infeksi
Publisher : PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (721.076 KB) | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v45i9.614

Abstract

Aging is the biggest risk factor for most of the age-related chronic diseases, which carried a heavy health-care costs burden worldwide. These age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, type2 diabetes and osteoarthritis shared common mechanisms that associate with aging, such as chronic sterile low grade inflammation, cellular senescence, DNA damages and stem cells dysfunctions. In this review, we will first discussed the dietary manipulation, such as caloric restriction as the mean of delaying aging, and we will also review nutraceuticals or natural compounds, and pharmaceutical drugs as the mean for intervention of aging.Proses menua dikaitkan dengan berbagai penyakit kronis terkait-usia. Penyakit-penyakit tersebut, seperti penyakit kardiovaskuler, penyakit neurodegeneratif, kanker, diabetes tipe 2 dan osteoarthritis mempunyai gambaran umum serupa yaitu inflamasi steril kronis kadar rendah, penuaan sel,kerusakan DNA dan disfungsi sel punca. Tinjauan ini berkenaan dengan manipulasi diet berupa restriksi kalori, juga nutraceuticals serta senyawa alami, juga sediaan faramakologis untuk tujuan mengintervensi proses penuaan. 
Roles of Telomeres and Telomerase in Aging Ong, Khing S.; Liem, Zack S.T.; Setiawan, Boenjamin
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 46, No 4 (2019): Dermatologi
Publisher : PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (498.029 KB) | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v46i4.495

Abstract

Telomeres are DNA structure that capped the end of linear eukaryotic chromosomes to protect the stability and integrity of the chromosomes. Attrition of telomeres has been known as one of the hallmark of aging. This lead to huge interest in the biology of telomeres and the related enzyme in the aging and related fields. We attempt to review briefly the biology and functions of telomeres, factors and mechanisms that control its length and its maintenance. Genetic and epigenetic related dysfunction of telomeres and telomerase will also be discussed. Finally, a list of disorders of telomeres and telomerase (telomeropathies) will be mentioned with potential therapeutic interventions for these disorders, and the potential for delaying cell senescence and health-span extension.Telomeres adalah bagian dari struktur DNA di ujung linier helix eukaryotic chromosome sebagai penutup/cap untuk menghindari dan melindungi bagian ujung khromosom dari kerusakan dan untuk kestabilannya. Telomeres akan mengalami erosi atau memendek yang merupakan tanda penuaan / aging. Proses ini mendapat perhatian besar sehubungan dengan peristiwa penuaan/aging. Ulasan singkat ini tentang sifat-sifat biologi dan fungsi telomeres. Akan dibahas pula akibat pergeseran/disfungsi genetik dan epigenetik yang menyebabkan perubahan telomeres dan telomerase. Di akhir pembahasan, dicantumkan daftar telomeres dan telomerase (telomeropathies) yang bisa diintervensi dan dapat memperlambat proses penuaan, dengan kata lain memperpanjang umur.
A Review of Gene Editing/Therapy and CRISPR Technology S. Ong, Khing; S.T. Lim, Zack; Setiawan, Boenjamin
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 46, No 6 (2019): Diabetes Mellitus
Publisher : PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (221.457 KB) | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v46i6.470

Abstract

This review will discuss the gene editing or manipulation in general, including various methods and tools currently available, including CRISPR. Some encouraging results of clinical applications of gene-therapy will also be discussed. With its diverse and far reaching effect on biomedical field, we will also discuss CRISPR technology beyond its gene-editing functions. We also review the cost for performing a gene-therapy.Ulasan ini membahas penyuntingan atau manipulasi gen umumnya, berbagai cara dan alat yang kini tersedia, termasuk teknologi CRISPR. Akan disajikan pula hasil-hasil percobaan klinik yang memberi harapan. Mengingat pengaruhnya yang luas di bidang biomedis , akan dibahas pula pemanfaatannya di bidang lain. Akhirnya, akan dibicarakan juga hal-hal terkait biaya pengeditan terapi gen yang sangat tinggi, dengan harapan bisa ditekan di masa yang akan datang dengan teknologi yang lebih canggih.
Co-Authors Caroline T. Sardjono Ferry Sandra Frans D. Suyatna Irvanyuni Japutri Liem, Zack S.T. Lim, Zack S.T. Lim, Zack ST. Melina Setiawan Ong, Khing S. S. Ong, Khing S.T. Lim, Zack ST. Lim, Zack