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I M. Siaka
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KANDUNGAN LOGAM Cu DAN Pb DALAM TANAMAN BAYAM DAN BIOAVAILABILITASNYA DALAM TANAH PERTANIAN DENGAN PEMBERIAN PUPUK KANDANG SAPI I M. Siaka; I W. B. Arimbawa; I W. Sudiarta
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 15, No.1, Januari 2021
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2021.v15.i01.p11

Abstract

Cemaran logam berat pada tanah pertanian dapat berdampak pada kualitas tanaman hasil pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan pupuk kandang sapi terhadap tingkat bioavailabilitas logam Cu dan Pb dalam tanah pertanian serta kandungan logam berat tersebut dalam tanaman bayam yang dihasilkan dari tanah tersebut. Kandungan logam diperoleh melalui metode ekstraksi bertahap dan digesti basah serta pengukuran konsentrasi logam dengan menggunakan alat Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (AAS) Shimadzu A 7000. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa kandungan logam Cu dan Pb dalam tanaman bayam yang tanahnya diberi pupuk kandang sapi lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan tanah tanpa pupuk tersebut. Rata-rata kandungan Cu dan Pb dalam seluruh bagian tanaman bayam tanpa pemberian pupuk sebesar 53,5985 ± 0,3943 dan 59,7982 ± 2,8389 mg/kg, sedangkan yang dengan pemberian pupuk berturut-turut 41,7626 ± 1,3590 dan 52,4335 ± 0,8434 mg/kg. Tingkat bioavailabilitas Cu dan Pb juga mengalami penurunan dengan penambahan pupuk kandang sapi. Logam Cu dan Pb yang bioavailable mengalami penurunan, sedangkan yang berpotensi bioavailable kedua logam tersebut mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan. Dengan demikian pemberian pupuk kandang sapi dapat menurunkan bioavailabilitas logam Cu dan Pb, dan akumulasinya di dalam tanaman bayam.
KORELASI ANTARA KEDALAMAN SEDIMEN DI PELABUHAN BENOA DAN KONSENTRASI LOGAM BERAT Pb DAN Cu I M. Siaka
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 2, No. 2 Juli 2008
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

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Abstract

An investigation on the correlation between the depth of sediment in Benoa estuary and the concentration ofPb and Cu. Statistically, the sample collecting location and the sediment depth influenced the concentration of lead(Pb) and copper (Cu) significantly. The variation resources of interaction between sample collecting location and thesediment depth also showed a great influence. In general, the deeper the sediments, the lower the concentration of Pband Cu are. The average concentrations of heavy metals found in surface layer (0 cm) were 15.52 mg/kg of Pb and35.85 mg/kg of Cu. Sediment in the depth of 10 cm contained 13.49 mg/kg of Pb and 33.69 mg/kg of Cu, while thesediment in the depth of 20 cm contained 11.51 mg/kg of Pb and 32.22 mg/kg of Cu.
SPESIASI DAN BIOAVAILABILITAS LOGAM BERAT DALAM SEDIMEN SUNGAI ROOMO GRESIK I M. Siaka; W. A. Rozin; K. G. D. Putra
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 14, No. 2 Juli 2020
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2020.v14.i02.p08

Abstract

Aliran Sungai Roomo telah tercemar oleh bahan-bahan organik terutama dari limbah domestik dan industri.Cemaran logam berat juga dipastikan ada dalam sungai tersebut.Logam berat ini masuk ke dalam sedimen dan biota yang hidup di lingkungan tersebut dan dapat terakumulasi pada seluruh bagian tubuhnya.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan tingkat pencemaran logam Pb, Cd, dan Cu dalam air dan sedimen Sungai Roomo Gresik serta menganalisis biovailabilitas logam berat tersebut.Metode ekstraksi bertahap dan digesti basah digunakan untuk melakukan spesiasi dan ekstraksi logam dari sedimen serta konsentrasi logamnya diukur menggunakan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (AAS). Kandungan logam Pb, Cd, dan Cu dalam aliran sungai Roomo Gresik telah melebihi batas yang diperbolehkan, yaitu berturut-turut 1,6038-7,8365 mg/L; 0,0251–0,0798 mg/L; dan 0,1709–0,2249 mg/L dalam air dan 213,7750–539,0763 mg/kg; 3,3467–39,7071 mg/kg; dan 36,9168-190,7079 mg/kg dalam sedimen. Pola spesiasi logam berat tersebut sebagai F1 atau fraksi EFLE (easily, freely, leachable, exchangeable), F2 (reducible), F3 (oxidisable), dan F4 (resistant) adalah sebagai berikut: F4 > F2 > F1 > F3 untuk Pb dan Cd, sedangkan Cu dengan pola F3 > F4 > F2 > F1. Logam Pb, Cd, dan Cu yang bioavailable berturut-turut 2,78-7,11%, 1,98-20,44%, dan 2,48-13,66%, sementara yang berpotensi bioavailable berturut-turut 10,05-16,81%; 9,41-54,44%; dan 15,18-94,19%. Logam Pb, Cd, dan Cu yang non bioavailable berturut-turut 79,53-84,22%, 25,11-86,04%, dan 1,84-80,67%. Dengan demikian, Sungai Roomo Gresik telah tergolong sebagai sungai yang tercemar. Kata kunci: biavailabilitas, logam berat, sedimen, spesiasi, sungai The Roomo River Stream has been polluted by organic materials which were mainly from domestic and industrial waste. Heavy metals were also ensured contaminated the river. These heavy metals enter sediments and can accumulate in the biota living in the river. This study was aimed to determine the level of pollution of Pb, Cd, and Cu metals in the water and sediments of the Roomo Gresik River and to analyze the biovability of these heavy metals. The sequential extraction and wet digestion method were used to perform a speciation and extraction of the metals from sediments. The concentration of the metals was measured by the use of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The contents of Pb, Cd, and Cu metals in the river were exceeded the allowed limit, which were 1.6038-7.8365 mg/L; 0.0251-0.0798 mg/L; and 0.1709-0.2249 mg/L, respectively in water and 213.7750-539763 mg/kg; 3.3467–39.7071 mg/kg; and 36.9168-190.7079 mg/kg, respectively in sediments. The pattern of heavy metal speciations as F1 or EFLE fraction (easily, freely, leachable, exchangeable), F2 (reducible), F3 (oxidizable), and F4 (resistant) were as follows: F4>F2>F1>F3 for Pb and Cd, whereas Cu with the pattern of F3>F4>F2>F1. The percentages of bioavailability of Pb, Cd, and Cu metals including readily biavailable were 2.78-7.11%, 1.98-20.44%, and 2.48-13.66%, potentially bioavailable were 10.05-16.81%, 9.41-54.44%, and 15.18-94.19%. Non-bioavailable were 79.53-84.22%, 25.11-86.04% and 1.84-80.67%, respectively. Therefore, the Roomo Gresik River has been classified as a polluted river. Keywords: bioavailability, heavy metals, river, sediment, speciation
ANALISIS BAHAN PENGAWET BENZOAT PADA SAOS TOMAT YANG BEREDAR DI WILAYAH KOTA DENPASAR I M. Siaka
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 3, No. 2 Juli 2009
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

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Abstract

This paper reports the determination of benzoate, as preservative, in tomato sauces distributed in Denpasar.The analysis was performed by the technique of acid-base titration following solvent extraction of the benzoate withdiethylether. Qualitatively, it was found that the sauce samples both branded and unbranded ones contained benzoate.Quantitatively, it was obtained that the benzoate content in the tomato sauces varied in a range of 600.12 – 1271.86mg/kg. Generally, all branded tomato sauces contained benzoate less than that of maximum limit allowed by theregulation of Health Ministry of RI No. 722/MENKES/Per/IX/1988 (1000 mg/kg). On the other hands, about 33% ofthe unbranded sauce samples contained benzoate more than the maximum limit allowed by the regulation.
KANDUNGAN LOGAM TOTAL Pb DAN Cu PADA SAYURAN DARI SENTRA HORTIKULTURA DAERAH BEDUGUL G. A. Henny Kurnia Ratnasari; I M. Siaka; Ni G. A. M. Dwi Adhi Suastuti
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 7, No. 2 Juli 2013
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (109.998 KB) | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2013.v07.i02.p03

Abstract

This paper discusses the determination of total metal content of Pb and Cu in vegetables from horticultural center of Bedugul area. Determination of the metals was performed by applying digestion method to the samples. Reverse aqua regia (a mixture of HNO3 and HCl, 3:1) was used to digest the samples in an ultrasonic bath for 45 min at 60° C, followed by heating on a hotplate for 45 minutes at 140oC. Solution resulted from the digestion was analyzed by the use of atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) to determine metal concentrations of Pb and Cu through standard calibration curve. The results showed that Pb and Cu metals accumulated in 6 types of vegetables were varied. It was found that carrots contained the highest Pb (13.7218 mg/kg), while the lowest concentration of Pb was found in cabbage (1.4912 mg/kg). Meanwhile, the highest Cu metal content was found in celery which was 2.8073 mg/kg, but the lowest in sprouts i.e 0.7830 mg/kg.
BIOAVAILABILITAS DAN KANDUNGAN Pb, Cu PADA TANAH DAN SAWI PUTIH DI DESA BATURITI I M. Siaka; P. D. S. Udayani; I W. B. Suyasa
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 15, No.1, Januari 2021
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2021.v15.i01.p04

Abstract

Faktor geologis dan cara pengolahan tanah pertanian serta penggunaan pupuk secara berlebih dalam proses pertanian berpengaruh pada kandungan logam berat dalam tanah, sehingga dapat menyebabkan tanah dan hasil pertaniannya tercemar oleh cemaran logam berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pencemaran dan bioavailabilitas logam Pb dan Cu dalam tanah pertanian di Desa Baturiti serta menentukan kandungan logam berat tersebut dalam daunsawi putih hasil pertanian didaerah tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode ekstraksi bertahap dan pengukuran logamnya menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Kandungan Pb total pada tanah sebelum penanaman dan saat panen berturut-turut 132,4190–236,1381 mg/kg dan 185,2171–273,1228 mg/kg. Begitu juga kandungan Cu total berturut-turut 73,0249–100,3995 mg/kg dan 84,7515–101,0791 mg/kg. Bioavailabilitas logam Pb dan Cudalam tanah pertanian sebelum penanaman yang terdiri dari: serta merta bioavailable, berpotensi bioavailable dan non bioavailable berturut-turut 25,47-40,22%, 40,62-53,67% dan 19,16-21,80% untuk Pb,2,42-3,11%, 49,42-74,73% dan 22,85-48,13% untuk Cu. Kandungan Pb dan Cu total dalam daun sawi putih berturut-turut 29,3278-40,8476 mg/kg dan28,3933-36,2952 mg/kg atau setaradengan 60,54-66,15% dan 60,24-66,75% dari kandungan logam dalam seluruh bagian tanamannya. Dengan demikian, tanah pertanian di Desa Baturiti tergolong tidak tercemar logam Pb dan Cu menurut nilai the farmer Greater London Council serta logam beratnya dominan berpotensi bioavailable. Sementara itu, daunsawi putih tergolong tercemar logam Pb dan Cu karena melebihi ambang batas yang telah ditentukan oleh Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan. Kata Kunci: bioavailabilitas, logam total, Pb dan Cu, sawi putih, tanah pertanian Geological factors, the method of agricultural cultivation, as well as the excessive fertilizers uses can affect the content of heavy metals in the soil. High content of the metals in the soil can pollute the soil itself and also the agricultural products. This study aimed to determine the pollution level and the bioavailability of Pb and Cu in agricultural soil, as well as the metals content in the edible parts of chicory produced from the agricultural land in Baturiti Village-Bali. The method used was the sequential extraction followed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) measurement. The range of total Pb contents in the soil before planting and after harvesting were of 132.4190-236.1381 mg/kg and 185.2171-273.1228 mg kg, respectively, while the range of Cu contents before planting and after harvesting were of 73.0249-100.3995 mg/kg and 84.7515-101.0791 mg/kg, respectively. Bioavailabilities of Pb and Cu metals in agricultural soils before planting were as follows: readily bioavailable, potentially bioavailable and non bioavailable, were of 25.45-40.22%, 40.62-53.67% and 19.16-21, 80% for Pb, 2.42-3.11%, 49.42-74.73% and 22.85-48.13% for Cu, respectively. The species of metals were dominated by potentially bioavailable. The range of Pb and Cu contents in the edible parts of chicory were of 29.3278-40.8476 mg/kg and 28.3933-36.2952 mg/kg or 60.54-66.15% and 60.24-66.75% of the total metals in the whole vegetable plant, respectively.Therefore, the agricultural soil in Baturiti area could be classified as not being contaminated with both Pb and Cu according to the Greater London Council farmer values. Meanwhile, the edible parts of chicory contained Pb and Cu which were exceeded the maximum contents allowed by the Indonesia Food and Drug Supervisory Agency. Keywords: agricultural soil, bioavailability, chicory, Pb and Cu
BIOAVAILABILITAS LOGAM BERAT Pb DAN Cu DALAM SEDIMEN DAN AKUMULASINYA DALAM BUAH PEDADA (Sonneratia alba) DI KAWASAN MANGROVE, KEDONGANAN I M. R. Setiawan; I. E. Suprihatin; I M. Siaka
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 17, No.2, Juli 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

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Abstract

Ekomangrove Kedonganan merupakan salah satu tempat wisata di Desa Kedonganan. Selayaknya tempat wisata, kawasan mangrove tersebut banyak dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas manusia yang menyebabkan terjadinya pencemaran logam berat khususnya Pb dan Cu. Logam berat yang mengendap dalam sedimen dapat terserap dalam tumbuhan mangrove, terutama logam yang bersifat bioavailable. Logam yang masuk ke dalam tumbuhan dapat terdistribusi dan terakumulasi pada seluruh bagian tumbuhan, salah satunya yaitu buahnya. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menentukan tingkat bioavailabilitas logam Pb dan Cu dalam sedimen serta konsentrasi totalnya dalam sedimen dan buah pedada (Sonneratia alba). Bioavailabilitas ditentukan melalui spesiasi logam dengan menggunakan metode ekstraksi bertahap sedangkan logam total dalam buah ditentukan dengan metode digesti basah yang kuantifikasinya dilakukan menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Konsentrasi logam Pb dan Cu total dalam sedimen di Kawasan Mangrove Kedonganan berturut-turut yaitu 306,7680 – 333,9511 mg/kg dan 21,2510 - 33,2587 mg/kg. Kandungan Pb dan Cu dalam sedimen di kawasan tersebut didominasi oleh logam yang berpotensi bioavailable yaitu 69,75 – 75,03% untuk Pb dan 76,20 – 84,25% untuk Cu, kemudian diikuti oleh logam yang bersifat bioavailable berkisar 17,33 – 19,57% untuk Pb dan 9,91 – 14,76% untuk Cu, sedangkan logam yang bersifat non-bioavailable berkisar 7,64 – 10,68% untuk logam Pb dan 2,20 – 13,90% untuk logam Cu. Konsentrasi logam Pb dan Cu total yang terakumulasi dalam buah pedada berturut-turut yaitu 1,8592 – 10,7469 mg/kg dan 1,5348 – 2,2687 mg/kg. Buah pedada yang tumbuh di Kawasan Mangrove Kedonganan tercemar oleh logam Pb karena telah melewati ambang batas yang diperbolehkan dalam Surat Keputusan Dirjen Pengawas Obat dan Makanan yaitu 2,0 mg/kg. Kata kunci: bioavailabilitas, ekomangrove, logam berat, sonneratia alba ABSTRACT Ecomangrove Kedonganan is one of the tourist attractions in Kedonganan village. Like a tourist spot, the mangrove area is heavily influenced by human activities which cause heavy metal pollution, especially Pb and Cu. Heavy metals that settle in sediments can be absorbed in mangrove plants, especially metals that are bioavailable. Metals absorbed by plants can be distributed and accumulated in all parts of the plant, including fruit. The purpose of this study was to determine the bioavailabilities of Pb and Cu in sediments and their total concentrations in sediments and pedada fruit (Sonneratia alba). The bioavailability was determined through metal speciation using the sequential extraction method and the determination of total metal in fruit was carried out by the wet digestion method, followed by the metals measurement using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The concentrations of Pb and Cu total in sediments at Kedonganan Mangrove area were 306.7680 – 333.9511 mg/kg and 21.2510 - 33.2587 mg/kg, respectively. Sediments in the area contained Pb and Cu which were dominated by the potentially bioavailable metals, namely 69.75 – 75.03% for Pb and 76.20 – 84.25% for Cu, followed by the metals that were bioavailable ranging from 17.33 – 19.57% for Pb and 9.91 – 14.76% for Cu, while the non-bioavailable metals ranged from 7.64 – 10.68% for Pb and 2.20 – 13.90% for Cu. The concentrations of Pb and Cu total accumulated in pedada fruit were 1.8592 – 10.7469 mg/kg and 1.5348 – 2.2687 mg/kg respectively. The pedada fruits collected from Kedonganan Mangrove area were contaminated by Pb because they contained Pb higher than the threshold in the regulation of the Director General of Drug and Food Control of 2.0 mg/kg. Keywords: bioavailability, ecomangrove, heavy metals, sonneratia alba
Co-Authors G. A. Henny Kurnia Ratnasari I M. R. Setiawan I W BUDIARSA SUYASA I W. B. Arimbawa I Wayan Sudiarta I. E. Suprihatin K. G. D. Putra Ni G. A. M. Dwi Adhi Suastuti P. D. S. Udayani W. A. Rozin