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Siti Suhartini
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Education Medicine & Pharmacology

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ANALISIS ASAM RETINOAT PADA KOSMETIK KRIM PEMUTIH YANG BEREDAR DI PASARAN KOTA MANADO Suhartini, Siti; Fatimawali, Fatimawali; Citraningtyas, Gayatri
PHARMACON Vol 2, No 1 (2013): pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.2.2013.879

Abstract

ABSTRACT Cosmetic whitening is a cosmetic that contains the active ingredient intended to bleach and brighten the skin or whiten the skin. Retinoic acid is used in whitening creams but is prohibited because it can cause dry skin, burning, and teratogenic (defects in the fetus). The purpose of this study was to determine whether whitening creams circulating in the city of Manado contains retinoic acid and to determine the levels of retinoic acid whitening cream found on the face. The samples studied were lightening cream sample A, sample B, sample C, sample D and sample E. The qualitative identification of retinoic acid have been done with Thin Layer Chromatocraphy (TLC) it has been given the dark blood if seen in UV spectrum 254 nm. Quantitative analysis was done by UV spectrophotometric maximum wavelength of 352 nm. The results indicated that three of sample contaided retinoic acid. Retinoic acid concentration in sample C was 0,021%, sample D was 0,026%, sample E was 0,016% and product retinoic acid cream (Vitacid) was 0,053%. Key words :  Retinoic acid, Cosmetic whitening, Thin Layer Chromatocraphy (TLC), UV spectrophotometric.
KOMPARASI PENERAPAN TEORI BRUNER DAN VAN HIELE PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR Suhartini, Siti; Rosnita, Margiati; Rosnita, Rosnita
Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Khatulistiwa Vol 7, No 8 (2018): AGUSTUS 2018
Publisher : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Khatulistiwa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (568.922 KB)

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AbstractThis study aims to analyze the presence or absence of differences in the average student learning outcomes in learning mathematics by using learning theory Bruner and Van Hiele in class III Pontianak City Elementary School 03. The method used is an experimental method. In this study, using Quasi Experimental Design with the Nonequivalent Control Group Design form. The population in this study were all third grade students of Public Elementary School 03 Pontianak City, while the sample was obtained through drawing in all class III. Based on the results of the draw, obtained a sample of research namely class III A (experimental class 1) and III B (experimental class 2) totaling 64 students. Data collection techniques used are measurement techniques and data collection tools are multiple choice written tests. Based on data analysis, the average post-test results of experimental class 1 were 75.71 and the average post-test experimental class 2 was 69.17. Hypothesis test results using t-test (Polled Variance) obtained t count = 2.161 while for dk (31 + 33 - 2 = 62) with a significant level α = 5% obtained t table = 1.667, which means thitung> t table, then Ha is accepted, this prove there is a significant difference between student learning outcomes in learning mathematics by applying Bruner's learning theory and Van Hiele's in class III Pontianak City Elementary School 03.  Keywords: Comparation, Van Hiele's Learning Theory, Bruner's Learning Theory,                   Mathematics Learning, Learning Outcomes. 
Co-Authors Fatimawali . Gayatri Citraningtyas Rosnita Rosnita Rosnita, Margiati