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All Journal JURNAL STANDARDISASI Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences
Sunarya Sunarya
Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Religion Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Social Sciences

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KAJIAN KARAKTERISTIK MINYAK INTI SAWIT INDONESIA DAN PRODUK FRAKSINASINYA TERKAIT DENGAN AMANDEMEN STANDAR CODEX Hasibuan, Hasrul Abdi; Siahaan, Donald; Sunarya, Sunarya
JURNAL STANDARDISASI Vol 14, No 2 (2012): Vol. 14(2) 2012
Publisher : Badan Standardisasi Nasional

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Abstract

Minyak inti sawit (palm kernel oil, PKO) merupakan salah satu jenis minyak laurat yang dihasilkan dengan cara ekstraksi bagian inti sawit. PKO telah luas digunakan untuk produk pangan dan non pangan. Untuk tujuan produk tertentu, PKO difraksinasi menjadi fraksi cair (palm kernel olein, PKOl) dan fraksi semi padat (palm kernel stearin, PKSt). Ketiga jenis fraksi minyak inti sawit tersebut memiliki sifat fisiko kimia yang berbeda dan karakteristiknya sangat diperlukan untuk aplikasinya pada produk hilir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan karakterisasi minyak inti sawit Indonesia diantaranya adalah PKO, PKOl dan PKSt dengan menentukan komposisi asam lemak, bilangan iod, titik leleh, viskositas, bilangan penyabunan dan kandungan lemak padat. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa rerata komposisi asam lemak PKO, PKOl dan PKSt adalah asam laurat (50,96%; 45,07%; 57,48%), asam miristat (15,67%; 13,12%; 22,25%), asam palmitat (7,31%; 7,8%; 7,83%) dan asam oleat (13,29%; 19,45%; 4,97%). Rerata bilangan iod PKO, PKOl dan PKSt adalah 17,16; 23,01 dan 6,52. Rerata titik leleh PKO, PKOl dan PKSt adalah 26,6oC; 23,5oC dan 32,0oKata Kunci: minyak inti sawit Indonesia, palm kernel olein, palm kernel stearin, karakteristik kimia dan fisika C. Rerata viskositas PKO, PKOl dan PKSt adalah 26,52 cSt; 24,61 cSt; 27,24 cSt. Kandungan lemak padat dan bilangan penyabunan PKSt lebih tinggi dibandingkan PKO dan PKOl. Berdasarkan konsep standar CCFO 09/21/7 menunjukkan bahwa komposisi asam lemak pada PKOl dan PKSt Indonesia sedikit berbeda pada C8:0; C12:0; C18:0; C20:1 (PKOl) dan C:10; C12:0; C16:0; C18:1; C20:1 (PKSt). Data karakteristik PKO Indonesia dan fraksinya ini dapat diusulkan ke dalam Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) dan internasional (Codex).
Language Sounds in Javanese Words: Onomatopoeia, Phonesthemic and Language Logic Sunarya, Sunarya; Sutono, Agus
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Vol 3, No 4 (2020): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute November
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v3i4.1393

Abstract

The onomatopoeia discussed in this article is specifically those of the Javanese words, such as the words used in Javanese magazines, Djaka Lodang (DJ), Panjebar Semangat (PS), and Jaya Baya (JB). The described Javanese onomatopoeia words were adjusted to the formation process according to Brandstatter's theory, the onomatopoeic elements can, therefore, be identified. The Javanese onomatopoeic words were analyzed based on qualitative methods, by referring to two techniques of data analysis (Sudaryanto's method), namely the technique of directly comparing the linguistic elements (which Sudaryanto termed agih), and comparing the elements of language with elements outside the language (‘padan’ equivalent), such as utterances or articulators.The onomatopoeic elements in a number of words can be explained based on the formation of root words derived from sound imitation, the type of sound moving objects and its phonestemic aspects, such as the opposition of the size of the sound, and so forth. In this study there are several types of sound imitation, such as sounds of bursting, friction, rounding, rolling, throwing, falling, slapping, opening-closing sounds, coming out- coming in sounds, absorption sounds, etc. This article provides an evidence for the richness of the Javanese words in terms of the sound imitation. Therefore, not only Japanese and Korean are identical to onomatopoeia, the Javanese language spoken in the Island of Java, Indonesia is quite rich with onomatopoeia, especially the secondary one. In addition, the results of this study will hopefully be beneficial for those doing similar studies.
Co-Authors Agus Sutono Donald Siahaan Hasrul Abdi Hasibuan