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Journal : Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian

PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN MODEL INDUSTRI PERBENIHAN PADI RAKYAT DARI SISI KELAYAKAN USAHA: KASUS PADA PERBENIHAN PADI DI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT Supriatna, Ade; Dhalimi, Azmi
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 13, No 1 (2010): Maret 2010
Publisher : Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian

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Development Prospect of The Farming Feasibility of Rice Seed Industry Model: A Case of RiceSeed in West Nusa Tenggara. This study was conducted in 2008 and took place in NTB. The objectives ofthe study were: (a) to describe the model of Rural Paddy Seed Industry, (b) to describe the seed production andits distribution and (iii) to evaluate the economic feasibility of seed industry. The survey method was used inthe study, where primary data were collected from 5 farmers of seed grower and 25 rice farmers. Secondarydata were collected from the Assessment Institute for Agriculture Technology (AIAT)-NTB, Distric AgricultureOffice, Indonesia Statistics Bureau, and the Institutes of Agricultural Research. Results showed that AIATdeveloped a Model of the Rural Paddy Seed Industry. The first step was to learn farmer’s preference to variousVUB to select some potential varieties to be developed in NTB area. The BS seed was purchased from theIndonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR) and multiplied through cooperation by seed grower managed byAIAT to produce FS and SS. They merged into a Rural Paddy Seed Institution which spread in the all regencyof NTB. During 2007, AIAT had produced the SS seed of 3 ,900 kg consisted of Cigeulis (43.0%), Mekongga(20.0%), Situ Bagendit ( 2.8%), Cibogo ( 2.2%), Ciherang ( .2%) and IR.66 (0.5%). The seed distributionfrom AIAT to the farmer’s level was channeled mostly through tender to support the National Program forRice Production (P2BN). The seeds industry was feasible economically, gave net benefit of Rp. 4.084.600,-/ha/season with B/C of ,59. Development the model of seed industry have to pay attention to some aspects,which are: construction and control, quality improvement, reffer to consumer demand, and marketing aspect.These aspects are relate each other and have equal importance. Thus they should be conducted simultaneously.Key words: Development, padi seed industry Pengkajian dilaksanakan tahun 2008 di Propinsi NTB dengan tujuan; (a) mengetahui Model IndustriPenangkaran Benih Padi Rakyat, (b) mengetahui perkembangan produksi dan distribusi benih yang dihasilkan,dan (c) mempelajari kelayakan ekonomi usaha penangkaran benih. Pengkajian menggunakan metode survey. Dataprimer dikumpulkan dari 5 petani penangkar benih dan 25 petani padi konsumsi. Data sekunder dikumpulkan dariBPTP, Dinas Pertanian, Balai Pengawasan dan Sertifikasi Benih (BPSB), Balai Benih Induk (BBI), Badan PusatStatistik (BPS) dan lembaga Penelitian Pertanian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam pengembanganindustri perbenihan, BPTP mengembangkan Model Industri Perbenihan Padi Rakyat (MIP2R). Langkah pertamamempelajari preferensi petani terhadap berbagai VUB untuk menyeleksi jenis-jenis varietas yang potensialdikembangkan. Selanjutnya benih BS dibeli dari BB Padi dan diperbanyak melalui kerjasama dengan penangkarbenih binaan untuk menghasilkan benih FS dan kelas SS. Penangkar binaan tersebut tergabung dalam KelembagaanPerbenihan Padi Pedesaan (KP3) yang tersebar di seluruh kabupaten di NTB. Selama tahun 2007, telah diproduksiProspek Pengembangan Model Industri Perbenihan Padi Rakyat dari Sisi Kelayakan Usaha :Kasus pada Perbenihan Padi diNusa Tenggara Barat (Ade Supriatna dan Azmi Dhalimi)30total benih VUB kelas SS sebanyak 3 .900 kg terdiri atas Varietas Cigeulis (43,0%), Mekongga (20,0%), SituBagendit ( 2,8%), Cibogo ( 2,2%), Ciherang ( ,2%), dan IR.66 (0,5%). Distribusi benih sumber dari BPTP sampaike petani disalurkan paling banyak melalui penjualan lewat tender untuk kebutuhan program P2BN dan penjualanlangsung ke petani. Usaha perbenihan termasuk layak secara ekonomi, memperoleh pendapatan bersih Rp. 4.084.600/ha dengan nilai BC Ratio ,59. Pengembangan model industri perbenihan ke depan harus memperhatikan beberapaaspek, yaitu: pembinaan dan pengawalan, peningkatan kualitas, sesuai dengan permintaan pasar, dan aspekpemasaran. Keempat aspek ini saling mengkait dan sama pentingnya, serta sebaiknya dilakukan secara simultan.Kata kunci: Pengembangan, penangkaran benih padi
KINERJA USAHATANI KOMODITAS WORTEL (Daucus carrota L) (Studi kasus di Kabupaten Cianjur, Propinsi Jawa Barat) Supriatna, Ade
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 11, No 1 (2008): Maret 2008
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The Performance of Carrot (Daucus carrota L) Farming (a case study in Cianjur Regency, West Java Province). Approaching the era of globalization, the government is demanded to improve the performance of vegetable farming to be more competitive in both domestic and international markets. This study was conducted in 2005 in West Java. The objectives of the study were: (a) to identify the characteristics of carrot farmers, (b) to identify cultivation practices, (c) to analyze the economic feasibility of carrot farm, and (d) to describe the marketing channels, margin and price share received by farmers. The results show that the farmers characteristics were sufficiently good in the aspects of age, education and participation in trainings, but some aspects were still weak such as small farm size (0.44 ha/farmer) and 22.2 % of farmers of hired status. Vegetable farm required a cost of Rp.28.8 million, a gross income of Rp.53.4 million and a net income of Rp.25.4 million/ha/year. It was suitable economically with B/C ratio of 1.89. The main problem in the production was selling price uncertainty, so that the farmers were unsure to implement the recommended technologies, especially the application of fertilizers. There were three channels in marketing carrots from farmers to consumers, i.e. (1) farmer, collector trader, whole trader, central market, traditional market, consumer; (2) farmer, collector trader, Sub terminal agribusiness (STA), central market, traditional market, consumer and (3) farmer, collector trader, supplier, super market, consumer. The farmers sold the carrot product through the first channel (76.6%), the second channel (13.3%) and the third channel (10.1%). The first and the second channels gave farmers share of 49.3%, marketing cost of Rp.172 and a marketing profit of Rp.370/kg. While the third cannel gave farmers share of 20.9%, marketing cost of Rp.300 and marketing profit of Rp.553/kg. The central market was the referee market, the price offered by the central market would be used as the standard to determine the purchasing price by the preceding market institutions until the farmers. Up till now, the selling prices of vegetables are very fluctuated and unpredictable causing the farmers to be doubtful to implement the technologies advised by the government to maintain the balance of supply and demand in the central market so the farmers can obtain selling price certainty. Key words: carrot, farm performance, West Java. Dalam menyongsong era globalisasi, pemerintah dituntut meningkatkan kinerja usahatani sayuran agar lebih kompetitif baik di tingkat pasar domestik maupun pasar intemasional. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan tahun 2005 di Propinsi Jawa Barat. Tujuan penelitian adalah; (a) mengidentifikasi karakteristik petani, (b) praktek budidaya, (c) menganalis kelayakan ekonomi usahatani dan (c) menggambarkan saluran pemasaran, margin dan bagian harga yang diterima petani. Hasil menunjukan bahwa karakteristik petani cukup baik dalam aspek umur, pendidikan dan keikutsertaan pelatihan tetapi beberapa aspek masih lemah yaitu rataan penguasaan lahan masih rendah (0,44 ha/petani) dan masih ditemukan petani berstatus sewa sebanyak 22,2%. Usahatani sayuran membutuhkan biaya Rp.28,8 juta, penerimaan kotor Rp.53,4 juta dan penerimaan bersih 25,4 juta /ha/tahun. Usahatani sayuran termasuk layak secara ekonomi dengan nilai B/C 1,89. Masalah utama dalam produksi adalah ketidakpastian harga jual sayuran sehingga petani masih ragu untuk menerapkan budidaya sesuai rekomendasi,terutama penggunaan pupuk. Ditemukan tiga saluran pemasaran wortel dari petani sampai ke konsumen, yaitu; (1) petani, pedagang pengumpul, pedagang besar, pasar induk, pasar tradisional, konsumen; (2) petani, pedagang pengumpul, Sub terminal agribisnis (STA), pasar induk, pasar tradisional, konsumen dan (3). Petani, pedagang pengumpul, suplayer, super market, konsumen. Petani menjual wortel melalui saluran pertama (76,6%), saluran kedua (13,3%) dan saluran ketiga (10,1%). Farmers share saluran pertama dan kedua adalah 49,3%, biaya pemasaran Rp.172,- dan keuntungan pemasaran Rp.370,-/kg. Sedangkan farmers share saluran ketiga adalah 20,9%, biaya pemasaran Rp.300,- dan keuntungan pemasaran Rp.553,-/kg. Pasar induk merupakan pasar acuan (referee market), harga beli wortel yang ditetapkan pasar tersebut dijadikan acuan untuk menetapkan harga bell oleh pelaku pasar sebelumnya sampai di tingkat petani. Selama ini, harga jual sayuran sangat fluktuatif dan sulit diperkirakan menyebabkan petani ragu-ragu untuk menerapkan teknologi sesuai anjuran Pemerintah harus mengatur keseimbangan suplai dan deman produk sayuran di pasar induk agar supaya petani memperoleh kepastian harga jual. Kata kunci: wortel, kinerja usahatani, Jawa Barat.
ANALISIS USAHATANI MANGGA GEDONG (Mangifera indica spp) (Studi kasus di Kabupaten Cirebon, Jawa Barat) Supriatna, Ade; Sudana, Wayan
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 11, No 3 (2008): November 2008
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Farm Analysis of Mango Gedong (Mangifera indica spp) (Case Study in Cirebon Districts, West Java). This study was conducted in Cirebon District, West Java for two months starting from October to November 2005. The objectives of the research were to analyze: (a) the characteristics of mango farmers, (b) the farming system of mango and (3) the economic feasibility of mango farms. This research was designed by using survey method; the primary data were collected from 50 mango farmers using the method of random sampling while the secondary data were collected from the Local Agriculture Office, the Central Bureau Statistics and the Research Institutions. The results showed that Gedong mango was harvested by farmer in two forms, namely Gedong Biasa and Gedong Gincu. The productivity of Mango was 2.025 kg/ha/year consisted of 1.215 kg of Gedong Biasa and 810 kg of Gedong Gincu. The farming of Gedong Mango was economically feasible giving the average net income of Rp.10,818,670,-/ha/year and benefit cost ratio was 3.44. There are two problems in mango production, firstly some farmers had insufficient capital and quite often get money from money lenders and secondly due to the high fluctuation of mango price which was difficult to predict. The collaboration pattern with agribusiness sectors should be arranged, farmers are expected to get a scheme of credit and good farming guidance and practices. While the agribusiness actors were expected will obtain not only higher quality of mango fruits but also will open an export market opportunity to develop the mango industry processing for product diversification. Key words: Mango, farm, West Java Mangga gedong merupakan komoditas potensial untuk diekspor karena memiliki aroma yang tajam, buahnya berwarna merah dan banyak mengandung serat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Cirebon, Jawa Barat selama dua bulan mulai bulan Oktober sampai dengan Nopember 2005. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis: (a) karakteristik petani mangga Gedong, (b) keragaan budidaya dan (c) kelayakan ekonomi usahatani mangga Gedong. Penelitian menggunakan metoda survei, data primer dikumpulkan dan 50 petani mangga gedong yang diambil secara acak sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan, Badan Pusat Statistik dan Lembaga-Lembaga Penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa mangga Gedong dipanen oleh petani dalam dua bentuk, yaitu bentuk Gedong Biasa dan Gedong Gincu. Produktivitas mangga mencapai 2.025 kg/ha/tahun terdiri atas 1.215 kg Gedong Biasa dan 810 kg Gedong Gincu. Usahatani mangga Gedong layak secara ekonomi dengan rata-rata pendapatan bersih Rp.10.818.670,-/ha/tahun dan nilai B/C 3,44. Permasalahan produksi mangga di tingkat petani, yaitu sebagian petani bermodal lemah sehingga mereka sering terjerumus pada pelepas uang dan fluktuasi harga jual mangga cukup tinggi dan sulit diprediksi. Disarankan agar pola kemitraan dengan pelaku usaha agribisnis perlu dibangun, dimana petani diharapkan mendapat bimbingan cara budidaya yang baik dan mendapat bantuan credit. Sedangkan pelaku agribisnis diharapkan akan memperoleh produk mangga yang berkualitas, mendapat peluang pasar ekspor dan pengembangan industri pengolahan buah mangga untuk diversifikasi produk.Kata kunci: Mangga gedong, usahatani, Jawa Barat
PENGARUH SL-PHT TERHADAP KINERJA USAHATANI KOPI RAKYAT (Study Kasus di Kabupaten Malang dan Jombang, Jawa Timur) Supriatna, Ade
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 10, No 2 (2007): Juli 2007
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In facing the globalization era, Indonesia as a coffee producer country took effort to increase the performance of coffee farm through the program of Integrated Pest Management-Farmer Field School (IPM-FFS). This study was conducted for five months from July throughout November 2004 in Tirtoyudo, Malang District and Wonosalam, Jombang District, East Java. The objectives of research were to evaluate the impact of IPM-Farmer Field School for coffee farms performance in aspects: of (a) the adoption of 1PM technology by farmers, (b) the farms economic visibility and (c) the farms technical efficiency. This research used the survey method and the data were analyzed by using before and after project. Primary data where collected from 80 farmers consisting of 40 IPM-Farmer Field School (alumni) and 40 non-alumni while secondary data were collected from the Office of Estate Crops, the Office of IPM Project, the Central Agency of Statistics and the Research Institutions. The results showed that after IPM-FFS, the percentage of farmers adopting IPM technology has increased as shown by the alumni (78%) and non-alumni (23%). Regular practiced field observations were able to distinguish the predators and did those who did not harm them. Most farmers applied a preventive method in controlling pest while the an-organic pesticide applied when the pests attack reached the economic threshold. The productivity of alumni increased by 46% (1.128 to 1.641) kg/ha/year compared to that of non-alumni increased by 25% (872 to 1.087) kg/ha/year. The net income of alumni increased by 41% i.e. Rp.3.700.000,- to Rp5.200.000,- /hectare/year. Through the application of IPM technology, the farms technical efficiencies of alumni increased by 29% (0.63 to 0.81) and that of non-alumni increased by 5% (0.63 to 0.66). The program of IPM-FFS increased the performance of coffee farm, both in adoption of IPM technology, economical visibility and technical efficiency. The success of IPM-FFS program should be disseminated to other locations with some adjustments according to condition of new area. Key words: IPM-FFS, farmer, performance, coffee. Dalam menyongsong pasar bebas, Indonesia sebagai negara produsen kopi berusaha meningkatkan kinerja usahatani kopi agar mampu bersaing dengan kopi negara lain, yaitu melalui program sekolah lapang pengendalian hama terpadu (SL-PHT). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama lima bulan mulai bulan Juli sampai dengan Nopember 2004 di Kecamatan Tirtoyudo, Kabupaten Malang dan Kecamatan Wonosalam, Kabupaten Jombang, Jawa Timur. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi pengaruh program SL-PHT terhadap kinerja usahatani kopi dalam aspek: (a) penerapan teknologi PHT oleh petani, (b) kelayakan ekonomi usahatani dan (c) efisiensi teknis usahatani Penelitian menggunakan metoda survei, data dianalisis secara deskriptif (sebelum dan sesudah projek). Data primer dikumpulkan dari 80 petani terdiri atas 40 petani alumni SL-PHT dan 40 petani non-alumni, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari Dinas Perkebunan, Kantor Projek PHT, Badan Pusat Statistik, dan Lembaga Penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa setelah SL-PHT, persentase petani yang mengadopsi teknologi PHT meningkat, petani alumni (78%) dan non-alumni (23%) sudah menerapkan pengamatan agro-ekosistem kebun secara berkala, memahami keberadaan musuh alami dan melestarikannya. Dalam mengendalikan hama, sebagian besar petani menerapkan cara pencegahan (preventive controls), Pestisida an-organik akan diaplikasikan apabila gangguan hama sudah mencapai tingkat ambang ekonomi. Produktivitas kopi petani alumni meningkat 46% (1.128 menjadi 1.641) dan non-alumni meningkat 25% (872 menjadi 1.087) kg/ha/tahun. Pendapatan bersih petani alumni meningkat 41% (Rp.3,7 menjadi Rp.5,2) juta/ha/tahun. Efisiensi teknis usahatani petani alumni meningkat 29% (0,63 menjadi 0,81) dan non-alumni meningkat 5% (0,63 menjadi 0,66). Program SL-PHT dapat meningkatkan kinerja usahatani kopi, baik aspek penerapan teknologi PHT, kelayakan usahatani maupun efisiensi teknis. Keberhasilan program SL-PHT dapat didesiminasikan ke lokasi-lokasi lain dengan penyesuaian berdasarkan kondisi lokasi baru.Kata kunci: SL-PHT, petani, kinerja, kopi.
KAJIAN KELAYAKAN USAHATANI DAN MARJIN TATANIAGA MANGGA (Mangifera indica) (Studi kasus di Kabupaten Majalengka, Jawa Barat) Supriatna, Ade
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 10, No 2 (2007): Juli 2007
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This study was conducted in 2005 and took place in Majalengka District, West Java. The objectives of study were (a) to identify the characteristics of farmers and mango cultivation, (b) to analyze the economical visibility of mango farm, (c) to describe the marketing channels and marketing margin. The study used a survey method. Primary data were collected from 25 mango farmers selected by random sampling and some traders selected by snowball method with the farmers as the entry point, consist of 6 collecting traders, 3 whole trader (agents), 2 central markets, 2 supplier and 4 retail traders spread in traditional markets, fruits shops and super markets. Secondary data were collected from the Agriculture Office, the Central Agency of Statistics and the Research Institutions. The results showed that mango farm was economically suitable with benefit of Rp.23.641.230,-/ha/year and R/C of 4.64. In marketing, mango fruits were classified into two groups, namely grade A/B as main grade that was marketed in four marketing channels and grade C (non grade) that was marketed in one marketing channel to local traditional market. In the marketing grade AB, the third channel gave a highest value of marketing margin because some marketing actors implemented post-harvest handling to increase the quality of mango according to supermarkets class. The agents reached a highest margin (Rp.2.500,-/kg) because they spent a highest cost of marketing and took a highest risk caused by price fluctuation. For developing mango production, a pattern of cooperative with agribusiness actors, especially exporter is needed. The farmers are helped in capital formation and guided in good farming practices while the exporter should get a mango fruits with higher quality, looking for a new marketing channel and building the unit of mango processing industry to bridge the problem in case the mango is in peak season. Keywords: mango, farms, marketing Penelitian ini dilaksanakan tahun 2005 di Kabupaten Majalengka, Propinsi Jawa Barat dengan tujuan; (a) mengidentifikasi karakteristik petani dan budidaya mangga, (b) menganalisis kelayakan usahatani, dan (c) mempelajari saluran pemasaran serta marjin pemasaran. Penelitian menggunakan metoda survey. Data primer dikumpulkan dari 25 petani yang diambil secara acak (random sampling) dan beberaa pedagang yang diambil dengan metode snowball, yaitu mengikuti aliran penjualan mangga dengan petani sebagai titik awal, terdiri atas 6 pedagang pengumpul, 3 pedagang pengepul (agen), 2 pedagang pasar induk, 2 suplayer dan 4 pedagang pengecer di pasar tradisional, toko/kios buah dan super market. Data sekunder dikumpulkan dari Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan, Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dan Lembaga Penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa usahatani mangga termasuk layak secara ekonomi dengan nilai pendapatan bersih Rp.23.641.230,-/ha/tahun dan nilai R/C 4,64. Dalam pemasaran, buah mangga dikelompokan kedalam dua grade, yaitu grade AB merupakan grade utama, dipasarkan secara luas melalui empat saluran dan grade C (non grade) disalurkan ke pasar-pasar tradisional lokal melalui satu saluran pemasaran. Margin pemasaran paling besar terjadi pada saluran pemasaran yang pelaku-pelaku pasarnya melakukan penanganan hasil lebih intensif seperti suplayer dan supermarket dengan sasaran konsumen kelas ekonomi menengah ke atas. Pada seluruh saluran pemasaran grade AB, pedagang agen selalu mendapatkan marjin keuntungan paling besar, yaitu Rp.2.500,-/kg karena mereka merupakan pihak yang paling besar dalam pengeluaran biaya pemasaran dan juga resiko diakibatkan oleh fluktuasi harga jual mangga. Pengembangan produksi mangga masih perlu kerjasama dengan pelaku agribisnis, petani mendapatkan bantuan permodalan dan bimbingan praktek budidaya yang benai sementara pelaku agribisnis dapat memperoleh hasil mangga yang berkualitas, menciptakan peluang pasar baru dar mendirikan industri pengolah mangga segar untuk menjembatani kelebihan produksi pada waktu panen raya.Kata kunci: inangga, usahatani, pemasaran