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All Journal Jurnal Gema Ngabdi RESIPROKAL: Jurnal Riset Sosiologi Progresif Aktual Jurnal Abdi Insani Jurnal Ilmiah Abdi Mas TPB Unram Agrimansion: Agribusiness Management & Extension Prisma Sains: Jurnal Pengkajian Ilmu dan Pembelajaran Matematika dan IPA IKIP Mataram
Muktasam Muktasam
Fakultas Pertanian Universiatas Mataram
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PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI KELOMPOK PEREMPUAN MELALUI BUDIDAYA HORTIKULTURA SECARA ORGANIK DALAM POLYBAG DI LAHAN PEKARANGAN DESA TANAK AWU KECAMATAN PUJUT LOMBOK TENGAH Ayu, Candra; Susilawati, Lolita Endang; Sudika, I Wayan; Santoso, Bambang Budi; Muktasam, Muktasam
Jurnal Ilmiah Abdi Mas TPB Unram Vol 1, No 1 (2019): Volume 1 Nomor 1 Januari 2019
Publisher : Teknik Pertanian Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/amtpb.v1i1.5

Abstract

Desa Tanak Awu  adalah salah satu desa di Kecamatan Pujut-Kabupaten Lombok Tengah dan merupakan tempat Bandara Internasional Lombok. Sumber mata pencaharian penduduk Desa Tanak Awu adalah sebagai petani lahan kering meskipun produktivitas dan pendapatan dari sistem pertanian ini rendah sehingga mengakibatkan kemiskinan. Kemiskinan dan rendahnya produktivitas pertanian di desa ini mengakibatkan kurangnya kemampuan pengadaan modal untuk aplikasi input pertanian secara optimal dan untuk pengupahan tenaga kerja. Namun,  berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang terkait dengan model pemberdaayaan kelompok perempuan  yang disuluhkan pada kegiatan ini ditemukan kondisi kontra-produktif tradisi patriarhi yang dianut masyarakat. Kelompok perempuan tidak bekerja di lahan pertaniannya, partisipasinya sebatas penyedia makanan untuk pekerja liar keluarga. Secara kultural peran mencari nafkah terbeban mutlak di kelompok laki-laki dan potensi produktif perempuan terpendam meskipun kekurangan tenaga kerja untuk mengelola usahataninya. Untuk itu, kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan memberdayakan potensi kerja kelompok perempuan melalui pengembangan kegiatan produktif-ekonomi yang selaras tradisi.  Tradisi tersebut memilik potensi positip yakni tersedianya banyak waktu luang kelompok perempuan diantara aktivitas domestikasi dan disuluhkan untuk pengembangan sistem pertanian organik tanaman hortikultura dalam wadah polybag di halaman pekarangan. Sistem binaan ini selaras tradisi serta hemat lahan dan waktu pengelolaan sehingga lebih optimal perolehan produksi dan pendapatannya. Implikasinya adalah kelompok perempuan dapat berkontribusi secara ekonomi untuk membebaskan keluarganya dari kemiskinan.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Perempuan dalam Mewujudkan Diversifikasi Pangan Rumah Tangga di Desa Teratak Kecamatan Batukliang Utara, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah Hayati Hayati; Arifuddin Sahidu; Muktasam Muktasam; Johan Bachri
Jurnal Gema Ngabdi Vol. 2 No. 1 (2020): Jurnal Gema Ngabdi
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jgn.v2i1.56

Abstract

Women in Teratak Village, North Batukliang District, Central Lombok Regency are still seen as the main actors in the realization of household food security. Teratak Village, especially Benjor Village, has potential yard and water resources that have not been used optimally as a source of household food and human resources that are united. Therefore, increasing women's abilities are needed.This activity was carried out through a series of extension activities by utilizing the potential of resources are carried out using participatory methods, namely brainstorming, lectures, discussions, games, demonstrations/practices, and competitions to prepare a variety and nutritious food. The implementation of the activities was directly carried out by the team which also acts as a guest speaker, and was also involved private extension workers and civil servant of extension workers in the framework of creating networks and program sustainability. The implementation of extension activities were smoothly and effectively; the women were very enthusiastic to participating in each activity. The results shows that the extention were considered positive and felt very beneficial for women. Women already have groups as a forum for learning and collaboration; and also have increased knowledge, positive attitudes and abilities in realizing the diversification of household food which is characterized by the ability to cultivate vegetables and raising freshwater fish, compile diet and provide diverse and nutritious food
Studi Pemanfaatan Dana Desa di Desa Jenggala Kecamatan Tanjung Kabupaten Lombok Utara Hendra Puji Saputra; Muktasam Muktasam; Dwi Setiawan Chaniago
RESIPROKAL: Jurnal Riset Sosiologi Progresif Aktual Vol 1 No 2 (2019): Desember
Publisher : Prodi Sosiologi Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/resiprokal.v1i2.19

Abstract

This study discussed the use of village funds before and after the 2018 earthquake inJenggala Village. The purpose of this study focused on knowing aspects of planning,implementing and evaluating village funds in Jenggala Village, Tanjung Subdistrict, NorthLombok Regency. This study uses the structuration theory of Anthony Giddens whichexplains the concepts of agents and structures, as well as the relationship of structures toagents' social practices. This type of research is qualitative research with a case studyapproach. Data collection uses interviews, observation, and collecting variousdocumentation. The results showed that during the planning, implementation and evaluationof village funds in Jenggala Village, agents and structures had changed before and after theearthquake. The pattern of utilisation of village funds in Jenggala Village prior to theearthquake was more focused on the field of physical development at 80.76 percent and forthe empowerment of village communities it was allocated 19.24 percent. However, after theearthquake the pattern of utilisation of village funds in Jenggala Village experienced a shiftand changes in priority programs. The physical development program after the earthquakewas only allocated 37.72 percent and focused more on aspects of empowering ruralcommunities which reached 62.28 percent. The lack of community participation, the limitedbudget of village funds and the delay in the issuance of Regents Regulations after theearthquake have become obstacles in the utilisation of village funds in Jenggala Village.
1. FACTORS AFFECTING GROUP EFFECTIVENESS IN INDONESIAN RURAL DEVELOPMENT: STAKEHOLDERS’ CRITICAL SELF-REFLECTION Muktasam Muktasam
JURNAL AGRIMANSION Vol 3 No 1 (2002): JURNAL AGRIMANSION NOVEMBER 2002
Publisher : Department of Agricultural Social Economics Faculty of Agriculture University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/agrimansion.v3i1.84

Abstract

ABSTRACT Group has been used as one major approach to promote community learning and community participation in Indonesian rural development. For these reasons, many types of groups have been established in especially rural areas such as Water User Associations, Cattle Fattening Groups, Farmer Groups, Mass Media Study Groups and Poverty Groups. Through these groups rural development programs are promoted, e.g., agricultural development and poverty alleviation. However, researchers on rural community development are more interested in evaluating program effectiveness while little attention given to group effectiveness. As a social innovation, group may also be see within the context of innovation decision process, especially those groups introduced by development agencies, either government or non-governmental agencies. The focus of this paper is to discuss factors affecting group effectiveness based on group members and other stakeholders’ critical self-reflection. By using Modified Participatory Action Research (MPAR) three phases fieldwork were conducted in West Lombok district West Nusa Tenggara province Indonesia. Several factors associated with group effectiveness were identified through this longitudinal study. These factors are agency approaches to the group (establishment and action) group leadership, members’ knowledge, and participation. This study suggests that the approach to the groups and the community’s perception of issues and needs are considered as the key components to promote effective groups for effective and sustainable rural development.
1. Pendekatan Kelompok dalam Penyuluhan Pertanian di Indonesia: Perlunya Pergeseran Paradigma Muktasam Muktasam
JURNAL AGRIMANSION Vol 3 No 2 (2003): JURNAL AGRIMANSION MEI 2003
Publisher : Department of Agricultural Social Economics Faculty of Agriculture University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/agrimansion.v3i2.93

Abstract

ABSTRACT The Indonesian government has put farmer groups in a strategic position within the system of Agricultural Extension. Farmer groups have been used to promote community participation and community learning, the key processes in sustainable agricultural and rural development. Moreover, according to the new policies of agricultural extension, farmer groups are expected to run a Rural Extension Center (REC). The focus of this paper is to discuss the existing situation of Indonesian extension, especially the farmer groups. Review of extension policies and our findings on farmer groups’ role performance are presented in this paper. Based on the three years longitudinal study using Modified Participatory Action Research (MPAR) method, this study indicates that most groups failed to perform critical roles in supporting sustainable agricultural and rural development. The learning outcomes generated through the study revealed the needs for paradigm shifts in the implementation of agricultural extension policies to meet the existing demand for changes. ABSTRAK Pemerintah Indonesia menempatkan kelompok tani pada posisi strategis dalam sistem penyuluhan pertanian. Kelompok tani telah digunakan untuk mendorong partisipasi dan pembelajaran, yang keduanya merupakan kunci dari proses pembangunan berkelanjutan. Lebih dari itu, dalam kebijakan Nasional penyuluhan pertanian kelompok tani diharapkan menjadi lembaga terdepan dalam proses penyuluhan. Fokus dari tulisan ini adalah membahas tentang situasi terkini penyuluhan pertanian, khususnya yang berkenaan dengan kelompok tani. Review atas kebijakan dan temuan penelitian tentang peran kelompok dalam penyuluhan juga dilakukan dalam tulisan ini. Atas dasar kajian longitudinal selama tiga tahun dengan menggunakan metode Modified Participatory Action Research (MPAR), studi ini menunjukkan bahwa banyak kelompok tidak mampu berperan dalam mendukung pembangunan pertanian dan pedesaan secara berkelanjutan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan perlunya pergeseran paradigma dalam implementasi kebijakan penyuluhan dalam rangka menghadapi tantangan perubahan saat ini.
8. ORGANISING DIVERSE RURAL COMMUNITIES INTO FUNCTIONAL GROUPS IN INDONESIA: THE GAP BETWEEN THEORY, POLICY AND PRACTICE Muktasam Muktasam
JURNAL AGRIMANSION Vol 4 No 1 (2003): JURNAL AGRIMANSION November 2003
Publisher : Department of Agricultural Social Economics Faculty of Agriculture University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/agrimansion.v4i1.110

Abstract

ABSTRACT Since Mass Guidance (Bimas) in the 1960s, it was realised that community organising is the way to achieve rural development. The focus of this paper is to discuss how community organisations played their roles and what factors contributed to their performance. A longitudinal study using Modified Parti-cipatory Action Research was conducted in West Lombok-Indonesia. The study found that even though the policies on groups are theoretically sound, most groups failed to perform their expected roles and few succeeded. The agency practices used in esta-blishing groups were focused on projects, in a top-down and rushed approach. Field staff support and training of personnel are needed to translate the policies from rhetoric to reality. Another lesson learned from this study is that formation of functional groups should take into account the existence of diversity within the community and agencies. ABSTRAK Sejak dilaksanakannya Bimas, pemerintah menyadari bahwa mengelompokkan masyarakat kedalam kelompok-kelompok fungsional menjadi salah satu cara dalam membangun masyarakat pedesaan. Fokus dari tulisan ini adalah mengkaji bagaimana kelompok-kelompok fungsional memainkan perannya dalam pembangunan dan faktor-faktor apa yang mempengaruhi kinerja kelompok. Studi longitudinal ini dilaksanakan di Lombok Barat-Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode Modified Participatory Action Research (MPAR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar kelompok gagal memainkan perannya sebagaimana diharapkan. Upaya pembentukan kelompok lebih difokuskan pada pendekatan “proyek”, “top-down” dan “terburu-buru”. Dukungan dan pelatihan bagi petugas lapangan diperlukan dalam rangka menterjemahkan kebijakan dari sekedar “diomongkan” menjadi “realitas” sosial. Pelajaran lain yang diambil dari kajian ini adalah bahwa proses pembentukan kelompok-kelompok fungsional seharusnya memperhatikan kemajemukan masyarakat serta lembaga yang terlibat dalam proses pembangunan.
5. ANALISIS SOSIAL DAN KELEMBAGAAN DALAM PENGELOLAAN HUTAN KEMASYARAKATAN (HKm) DI BATUKLIANG UTARA – LOMBOK TENGAH Muktasam Muktasam
JURNAL AGRIMANSION Vol 4 No 2 (2004): JURNAL AGRIMANSION MEI 2004
Publisher : Department of Agricultural Social Economics Faculty of Agriculture University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/agrimansion.v4i2.118

Abstract

ABSTRAK Membangun dan melestarikan hutan menjadi isu yang semakin kompleks dalam satu dekade terakhir. Di satu sisi hutan diharapkan mampu untuk mempertahankan fungsi ekologisnya, sementara di sisi lain hutan diharapkan berperan banyak dalam memenuhi fungsi sosial dan ekonomi. Atas dasar persoalan ini, sebuah penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisa aspek sosial dan kelembagaan dalam pengelolaan hutan. Penelitian yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode “Modified Participatory Action Research” ini menemukan adanya beberapa persoalan strategis dalam aspek sosial dan kelembagaan yang terkait dengan interaksi manusia dengan hutan. Dalam aspek sosial diidentifikasi tingginya tingkat ketegantungan masyarakat sekitar hutan terhadap hutan, yang kemudian mendorong mereka untuk masuk mengelola dan atau merusak hutan. Dalam aspek kelembagaan diketahui bahwa masyarakat di sekitar kawasan telah memiliki “lembaga” yang diharapkan berperan dalam pengelolaan hutan, namun hingga penelitian ini dilakukan kelembagaan yang ada belum mampu berperan sebagaimana mestinya. ABSTRACT Developing and sustaining forest becomes complex issues in the last one decade. In one hand, forest development is directed to improve its ecological functions while on the other hand forestry development is supposed to fulfil its socio-economic functions. On the basis of these expectations, this study was carried out to analyse socio-institutional aspects of forest management. Through the application of the “Modified Participatory Action Research” method, this study found some critical and strategic issues associated social and institutional aspects of forest management. In social aspect for instance, it was found that the surrounding community has high dependency toward forest that lead to their actions in managing and or destroying the forest. From institutional point of view, it was found that the community has had some forms of institutional arrangement, however they could not be implemented effectively.
1. ROLES OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT: Lessons Learned from Malaysia and Thailand Muktasam Muktasam
JURNAL AGRIMANSION Vol 5 No 1 (2004): JURNAL AGRIMANSION NOVEMBER 2004
Publisher : Department of Agricultural Social Economics Faculty of Agriculture University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/agrimansion.v5i1.120

Abstract

ABSTRACT Community Organizations (COs) have been seen as an intermediary institution through which rural development programs are promoted. Rural development programs use COs to facilitate social changes. In Indonesia for example, there are large number and many types of COs such as farmer groups, poverty groups, women groups, and saving groups. However, studies indicate that most COs ineffective and stagnant. This study was conducted to understand the roles of COs in promoting rural development in Malaysia and Thailand. Findings from this study indicate that the success of rural development in those countries has been due to strategic roles of COs. Lessons learned from this study highlighted that to promote better rural development, COs such as community groups could be an option, however, critical steps to establish and to run the COs should be considered seriously. ABSTRAK Organisasi masyarakat dipandang sebagai lembaga perantara dalam proses pembangunan pedesaan. Program-program pembangunan pedesaan menggunakan kelembagaan ini guna memfasilitasi proses perubahan sosial. Di Indonesia misalnya, dijumpai banyak jenis dan jumlah organisasi masyarakat seperti kelompok tani, kelompok masyarakat (pokmas dalam program IDT), dan kelompok wanita. Namun demikian, sejumlah studi menunjukkan banyak kelompok tidak efektif dan bahkan stagnan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memahami peran organisasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan pedesaan di Malaysia dan Thailand. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan pembangunan pedesaan di kedua negara tersebut tidak terlepas dari peran strategis organisasi masyarakat. Pelajaran penting yang dipetik dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa organisasi masyarakat dapat menjadi pilihan dalam mencapai keberhasilan pembangunan pedesaan dengan catatan bahwa tahapan kritis dalam pembentukan dan pengelolaan organisasi masyarakat harus dipertimbangkan secara serius.
1. ANALISIS RANTAI NILAI KEMIRI DAN STRATEGI PEMBERDAYAAN PETANI: Studi Kasus di Desa Batudulang Kecamatan Batulanteh - Kabupaten Sumbawa Arifuddin Sahidu; Muktasam Muktasam; Siti Nurjannah; Hayati Hayati
JURNAL AGRIMANSION Vol 19 No 1 (2018): JURNAL AGRIMANSION APRIL 2018
Publisher : Department of Agricultural Social Economics Faculty of Agriculture University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/agrimansion.v19i1.226

Abstract

ABSTRAK Tujuan akhir dari pembangunan pedesaan adalah terwujudnya masyarakat sejahtera. Berbagai program telah banyak dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan ini, namun data menunjukkan bahwa kemiskinan masih relatif tinggi, sekitar 17% untuk NTB, 16,73% untuk Sumbawa dan sekitar 34% di Lombok Utara. Tingginya jumlah tenaga kerja migran juga menjadi salah satu indikator dari belum berhasilnya program-program pemberdayaan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui rantai nilai kemiri yang dihasilkan oleh petani di Desa Batudulang – Kabupaten Sumbawa, dan (2) merumuskan alternatif intervensi dalam rangka pemberdayaan masyarakat. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Batudulang menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan strategi penelitian studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengamatan, wawancara mendalam, dan focus group discussion dengan petani, dan parapihak yang terkait dengan rantai nilai kemiri. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemiri sebagai salah satu produk pangan penting menjadi produk hasil hutan bukan kayu (HHBK) utama bagi keluarga di Desa Batudulang (35% dari total pendapatan). Rantai nilai kemiri dicirikan oleh masih terbatasnya proses nilai tambah di tingkat petani/desa, terbatasnya akses pasar, rendahnya harga kemiri gelondongan di tingkat petani, dan ketidak mampuan koperasi untuk bersaing dengan para tengkulak. Rekomendasi yang diajukan untuk pemberdayaan petani dan masyarakat di Desa Batudulang adalah perlunya kegiatan penguatan kapasitas bagi petani, kelompok masyarakat, dan koperasi dengan harapan agar terjadi perubahan praktek (adopsi) dalam memberi nilai tambah pada produk kemiri yang dihasilkan. Perubahan ini pada gilirannya akan dapat meningkatkan pendapatan dan lapangan kerja di tingkat desa. ABSTRACT The ultimate goal of rural development is to promote community welfare. Various programs have been implemented to achieve this goal, but the data reveals the poverty level is still hight, such as about 17% for NTB, 16,73% for Sumbawa and about 34% in North Lombok district. The hight rate of migrant workers is also another indicator of rural development failures. The objectives of this study were (1) to understand the existing value chain of candlenut produced by Batudulang smallholders – Sumbawa District, and (2) to develop alternative interventions to empower rural communities. This study was carried out at Batudulang village using qualitative and quantitative research methods and case study strategy. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, survey, and focus group discussion involving all candlenut value chain actors. Qualitative and quantitative data analysis were applied to this study. The results of this study found that the candlenut is the most dominant and important non-timber forest product (NTFP) at Batuduland (its contribute 35% to total households’ income). As an importance food, the existing candlenut value chain is characterised by limited activities to add value to the product (less then 20% of the village community processing candlenut into cernel), limited market access, low and fluctuated price, and limited roles of the farmer coopeative to protect its members from the midlemen. Strengthening the capacity of local communities, farmers, farmer groups, and farmer cooperative is the key suggestion from this study with an expectation that they may lead to changes in local communities and farmers’ practices (adoption) where they may do something to add value to the NTFPs such as candlenut. At the end, these changes may lead to the smallholders’ livelihood improvement – increasing their income and creating jobs at the village level.
PEMBERDAYAAN PETANI PENGELOLA HASIL HUTAN BUKAN KAYU DI DESA BATUDULANG KABUPATEN SUMBAWA Muktasam Muktasam; Siti Nurjannah
Jurnal Abdi Insani Vol 9 No 2 (2022): Jurnal Abdi Insani
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/abdiinsani.v9i2.535

Abstract

As an agricultural country, agriculture is the mainstay in realizing development through increasing production, product quality, processing activities, and marketing. The results of research in the management of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) show the low awareness and attitude of the community in processing the products they produce. Farmers still tend to sell their products in unprocessed form. The ketak plant (Lygodium circinnatum) is not utilized, and is even considered a weed. This community service activity is intended to facilitate the learning process of farmers and rural communities about opportunities to use NTFPs such as candlenut, ginger and ketak for livelihood improvement. This activity was carried out with a study-action approach and was supported by PNBP funds from the University of Mataram, and the ACIAR Project - a collaboration between LPPM Unram, ICRAF, and the Kanoppi Team. The results of the activity show that farmers and target communities have increased their knowledge, attitudes and skills in processing NTFP products, especially candlenut, ginger, and ketak. Profitable NTFPs have grown, such as processing candlenut into peeled candlenut and candlenut oil, processing ginger into instant ginger drink, and processing crab cakes into craft products with high economic value. NTFP management groups have grown, and even these groups have been able to help increase the capacity of farmers and communities in other places such as Sabedo Village – Utan District in managing NTFPs. Community empowerment efforts must be carried out together through ongoing assistance. It is hoped that there will be more activities with a review-action approach in the future.
Co-Authors Ajeng Kartika Pratiwi Arifuddin Sahidu Arifuddin Sahidu Ayu, Candra Bambang Budi Santoso Chaniago, Dwi Setiawan DIAN LESTARI Hayati Hayati Hayati Hayati Hendra Puji Saputra I Wayan Sudika Johan Bachri Lolita Endang Susilowati Siti Nurjannah Siti Nurjannah Taslim Sjah