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All Journal LAW REFORM Mimbar Hukum
Agustina Merdekawati
Faculty of Law, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Equity Interest Scheme’s Compatibility with the UNCLOS 1982’s Common Heritage of Mankind Principle Agustina Merdekawati; Marsudi Triatmodjo
LAW REFORM Vol 18, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER ILMU HUKUM FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO SEMARANG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (724.335 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/lr.v18i1.43083

Abstract

The Mining Code Exploration for polymetallic sulphides and cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts provide options for exploration contractors to offer an equity interest in a joint venture with Enterprise. UNCLOS 1982 has never regulated the existence of such a scheme as a substitute for the obligation to submit reserved areas at the exploration stage. The presence of the equity interest scheme raises questions on its compatibility with the Common Heritage of Mankind (CHM) principle, especially with the aspect of equitable benefits sharing (EBS) to all mankind. This study aimed to assess the compatibility of the equity interest scheme with the CHM principle. The study was conducted normatively by analyzing equity interest scheme implementation associated with the norms in the CHM principle and UNCLOS 1982. The results showed that the equity interest scheme is compatible with the EBS aspects in the CHM principle by presenting the optimization of financial benefits for all mankind. The implementation of the equity interest scheme, even though it is contrary to the provisions of Annex III Article 1982, is a form of subsequent practice accepted by state parties. This study recommends that the relevant stakeholders reconsider the involvement of the Enterprise in the equity interest scheme based on financing efficiency.
UNCLOS 1982 AND THE LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST ILLEGAL FISHING IN INDONESIA: JUDGES’ DIVERGING PERSPECTIVES Agustina Merdekawati; Taufiq Adiyanto; Irkham Afnan Trisandi Hasibuan
Mimbar Hukum Vol 33 No 1 (2021): Mimbar Hukum
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (381.511 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/mh.v33i1.1954

Abstract

Abstract Indonesia has not been able to come up with an effective punishment enforcement to deal with illegal, unreported, unregulated fishing (IUUF) in its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), partly due to certain legal limitations put forward in United Nations Convention on The Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS 1982) regarding the permissible punishment. There are two perspectives of Indonesian judges regarding the imposition of penalties towards IUUF offenders in Indonesia’s EEZ. They agree to impose fines but differ on whether to add substitutive confinement. This study aims to understand the diverging views of judges regarding the implementation of UNCLOS 1982 provisions and to provide recommendations to optimize the law enforcement of fisheries regulations. This study is a normative legal research, which utilizes secondary data. This study concludes that the diverging view is correlated to the judges’ view on the adoption of international laws into national laws and that it is imperative for the Government to choose and optimize one legal policy to achieve an effective law enforcement regime. Intisari Indonesia mengalami kendala dalam menerapkan penegakan hukuman terhadap pelaku illegal, unreported, unregulated fishing (IUUF) di Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif (ZEE). Terdapat dua perspektif hakim-hakim di Indonesia dalam putusannya terkait penjatuhan hukuman pidana terhadap pelaku IUUF di ZEE Indonesia. Mereka sepakat untuk menjatuhkan pidana denda, namun berbeda pendapat terkait penjatuhan pidana kurungan pengganti denda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami alasan perbedaaan pandangan oleh hakim terhadap penerapan ketentuan-ketentuan dalam United Nations Convention on The Law of the Sea Tahun 1982 (UNCLOS 1982) dan memberikan rekomendasi optimasi penegakan hukum di bidang perikanan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian legal normatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa perbedaan pandangan hakim berkaitan dengan pandangan mereka terhadap penerapan hukum internasional ke dalam hukum nasional, dan penting bagi Indonesia untuk memilih dan melakukan optimasi terhadap satu legal policy untuk menciptakan rezim penegakan hukum yang efektif.
Co-Authors Bintari Dyah Ramadhani dan Marsudi Triatmodjo Irkham Afnan Trisandi Hasibuan Taufiq Adiyanto