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All Journal Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Jurnal Fisika FLUX Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknoka YARSI Medical Journal Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR)
Widiarti Widiarti
Jurusan Ilmu Komputer FMIPA Unila
Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Public Health

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DISTRIBUSI SPASIAL KASUS DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD), ANALISIS INDEKS JARAK DAN ALTERNATIF PENGENDALIAN VEKTOR DI KOTA SAMARINDA, PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR Boewono, Damar Tri; Ristiyanto, Ristiyanto; Widiarti, Widiarti; Widyastuti, Umi
Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Vol 22, No 3 Sep (2012)
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | http://ejournal.litbang.depkes.go.id/index.php/MPK/article/view/2907

Abstract

Abstract Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) happens to be a public health problem in Samarinda city, East Kalimantan Province. Dengue was reported endemic in the entire six subdistricts of the city. Various vector control programs have been conducted by the Health Office, yet the dengue cases were still occurred on the previous years. Comprehensive research was conducted to determine the spatial distribution of DHF cases using geographical information system (GIS) mapping, in relation to positive larvae of the breeding habitat distributions. The study was carried out in five endemic areas namely Pelita village Samarinda Utara Subdistrict, Sambutan village Samarinda Ilir Subdistrict, Sidodadi village Samarinda Ulu Subdistrict, Harapan Baru village Samarinda Seberang Subdistrict and Karang Asam Ilir village Sungai Kunjang Subdistrict. The aim of the study was to determine the specific vector control strategies based on spatial DHF cases and breeding habitat distributions and distance index analyses, larvae free index and insecticide susceptible status of dengue vector of Ae. aegypti against the insecticides which were used for vector control programs. The study revealed that average ABJ in the study areas was 35.85-64.16% and lower the national standar of 95%. Dengue vector of Ae. aegypti was found to be resistant to Malathion, Permethrin, Lambdasihalothrin and Bendiocarb insecticides. Thus an alternative insecticide should be considered. Dengue cases distribution in Samarinda city were found in  clusters/gregorious. Distance index analyses indicated that the transmissions were due to mosquito behaviour. Community empowement is needed to encourage the potential groups (PKK, Dasa Wisma, public health caders, posyandu), to participate on the vector control program.   Keywords: DHF, Spatial distribution, Cases Distance Index, Samarinda City.     Abstrak Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat Kota Samarinda, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur dan dilaporkan endemis di enam wilayah kecamatan. Berbagai cara pengendalian telah dilakukan oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kota, tetapi kasus DBD masih ditemukan sepanjang tahun.  Penelitian komprehensif telah dilakukan untuk menentukan distribusi spasial kasus DBD dengan pemetaan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografi (SIG), berkaitan dengan habitat positif jentik. Penelitian dilakukan dilima (5) wilayah kalurahan endemis yaitu: Desa Pelita Kecamatan Samarinda Utara, Desa Sambutan Kecamatan Samarinda Ilir, Desa Sidodadi Kecamatan Samarinda Ulu, Desa Harapan Baru Kecamatan Samarinda Seberang dan Desa  Karang Asam Ilir  Kecamatan Sungai Kunjang. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan strategi pengendalian vektor spesifik berdasarkan distribusi spasial/ pemetaan kasus DBD dengan sistem informasi geografi (SIG), Index jarak (distance index) kasus DBD, angka bebas jentik (ABJ) serta status kerentanan nyamuk vektor Ae. aegypti terhadap insektisida. Hasil survei jentik ditemukan bahwa rata-rata ABJ di daerah penelitian jauh lebih rendah daripada standar nasional 95,0%. Uji susceptibility vektor DBD Ae. aegypti telah resisten terhadap insektisida Malathion, Permethrin, Lambdasihalothrin dan Bendiocarb, sehingga diperlukan insektisida alternatif. Distribusi kasus DBD Kota Samarinda ditemukan mengelompok distance index rata-rata 75 meter sebagai indikasi penularan lebih disebabkan perilaku nyamuk vektor. Pemberdayaan masyarakat sangat diperlukan sebagai usaha memberikan motivasi kepada kelompok masyarakat potensial seperti PKK, Dasa Wisma, kader kesehatan dan posyandu, untuk berpartisipasi dalam program pengendalian vektor DBD.   Kata kunci: DBD, Distribusi spasial, Jarak indeks kasus, Kota  Samarinda
ANALISIS SPASIAL PADA KEJADIAN LUAR BIASA (KLB) MALARIA DI DESA PANUSUPAN KECAMATAN REMBANG DAN DESA SIDAREJA KECAMATAN KALIGONDANG KABUPATEN PURBALINGGA Widiarti, Widiarti; Heriyanto, Bambang; Widyastuti, Umi
Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Vol 24, No 4 Des (2014)
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1017.422 KB)

Abstract

AbstrakMalaria seringkali muncul pada kejadian luar biasa (KLB) maupun peningkatan kasus baik di Jawa maupun di luar Jawa. Dilaporkannya peningkatan kasus atau KLB malaria di Kabupaten Purbalingga menimbulkan pemikiran faktor-faktor apa yang mempengaruhi terjadinya KLB malaria. Tujuan penelitian adalah analisis spasial kasus malaria, konfirmasi vektor yang berperan dalam penularan malaria dan bioekologi nyamuk tersangka vektor. Lokasi penelitian di Desa Panusupan Kecamatan Rembang dan Desa Sidareja Kecamatan Kaligondang Kabupaten Purbalingga Jawa Tengah. Konfirmasi vektor dilakukan dengan elisa sporozoit dari semua nyamuk Anopheles sp yang diperoleh. Analisis kasus malaria digunakan metoda GIS dan dilanjutkan uji spatially weighted regression (spatial error model) dengan GeoDa. Survei entomologi dilakukan sesuai standart penangkapan nyamuk oleh WHO. Hasil penelitian diperoleh informasi bahwa berdasarkan  elisa  sporozoit,  vektor  yang  berperan  di  Desa  Panusupan  Kecamatan  Rembang  adalah Anopheles maculatus hasil penangkapan hinggap pada manusia diluar rumah pada jam 18.00. Kejadian luar biasa malaria di Kabupaten Purbalingga, semula kasus import namun karena keberadaan vektor (daerah reseptif), sehingga terjadi penularan lokal. Analisis spasial kasus malaria di kedua desa mengelompok dan berdekatan dengan habitat perkembangbiakan An. maculatus yaitu ditepi aliran sungai. Mencermati vektor yang berperan di daerah KLB adalah An. maculatus dengan aktivitas sore sampai malam hari, maka perlu diinformasikan kepada masyarakat agar menjaga tidak kontak dengan nyamuk dan melindungi masyarakat dengan kelambu berinsektisida yang mempunyai daya lindung lama (LLIN) sehingga dapat mengurangi terjadinya penularan.Kata Kunci : analisis spasial, KLB, Anopheles maculatus dan malariaAbstractMalaria outbreak or increase cases has came up very often inside or outside of Java Island. The increase malaria cases from Purbalingga Regency is reported remain high enough with 94 people sick in Panusupan Village  and  37  people  in  Rembang  Village  Purbalingga  Regency.  Due  to  the  reason,  it  is  important  to conduct a confirmation of malaria vector and another factors that take an important role in those area.This research was conducted to investigate the confirmation of malaria vectors, spacial analysis malaria cases, entomological indicator and another factors in relation with the malaria outbreak. The study was carried out in two malaria endemic villages namely: Panusupan Village Rembang Subdistrict and Sidareja Village, Kaligondang Subdistrict Purbalingga Regency. The confirmation of malaria vectors was carried out using sporozoid elisa, spatial analysis of malaria cases using geographical information system (GIS) and entomological indicator using WHO standart. The result of the outdoor landing on man collecting revealed  that  mosquito  species  remain  malaria  vectors  only  An.  maculatus  from  Panusupan  Village Rembang Subdistrict was positive sporozoid. Spatial analysis on the two areas show that malaria cases were distributed on clumped/cluster, buffer zones against breeding habitat (<400 meters), indicate local transmission (indigenous) due to vector behaviour. Based on these results we conclude that An. maculatus is the vector of malaria in those areas, so that it can be useful as information for the program to perform a control or prevention further spread of malaria in that areas. Due to the vector behaviour activity at evening until midnight when the community heavy sleep, therefore vector control using Long Lasting Insectiside Nets (LLIN) will protect them from man-mosquito contact so that the malaria transmision could be minimized. Intensified the need for migration surveys for people returning from malaria-endemic area outside Java.Keywords : spacial analisis, outbreak, Anopheles maculatus and malaria
KOMPETENSI VEKTORIAL Anopheles maculatus, Theobald di KECAMATAN KOKAP, KABUPATEN KULONPROGO Widyastuti, Umi; Boewono, Damar Tri; Widiarti, Widiarti; Supargiyono, Supargiyono; Satoto, Tri Baskoro T.
Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Vol 23, No 2 Jun (2013)
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (477.131 KB)

Abstract

Abstrak Malaria masih merupakan masalah kesehatan di Kabupaten Kulonprogo, khususnya di Kecamatan Kokap. Dalam dua tahun terakhir menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 2009, 1 dari 5 desa di Kecamatan Kokap sebagai daerah malaria dengan statifikasi Insidensi Kasus Rendah (Low Case Incidence/LCI). Pada tahun 2010 meningkat menjadi 3 desa, peningkatan kasus malaria di Kecamatan Kokap berkaitan dengan keberadaan nyamuk Anopheles yang berpotensi sebagai vektor. Beberapa spesies seperti An. maculatus, An. aconitus, dan An. balabacensis diduga sebagai vektor malaria potensial di daerah ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kompetensi vektorial An. maculatus yang terdiri dari: kerentanan nyamuk An. maculatus terhadap Plasmodium, sifat antropofilik, angka paritas, dan kepadatan nyamuk. Kerentanan nyamuk terhadap Plasmodium diukur dengan deteksi antigen protein sporozoit (Circum Sporozoite Protein/CSP) dari P. falciparum atau P. vivax pada dada-kepala dari semua nyamuk parous. Karakteristik antropofilik diukur dengan mendeteksi darah manusia pada perut nyamuk dengan kondisi penuh darah dan setengah gravid. Kedua deteksi tersebut dilakukan dengan teknik ELISA. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei sampai Oktober 2011 di dua desa yaitu: Tegiri dan Gunungrego, Kecamatan Kokap. Nyamuk ditangkap dengan menggunakan metode sesuai dengan pedoman WHO. Penangkapan dilakukan pada malam hari (18.00-06.00) terhadap nyamuk yang hinggap pada manusia di dalam rumah, di luar rumah, nyamuk yang istirahat baik di dalam rumah (dinding) maupun luar rumah (sekitar kandang ternak) dan penangkapan pada pagi hari (06.00-08.00). Kepadatan An. maculatus dihitung dan paritas nyamuk ditentukan dengan pembedahan ovarium secara mikroskopis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa An. maculatus di Gunungrego rentan terhadap P. vivax dengan angka sporozoit 3,57%. Namun, CSP antigen P. vivax tidak terdeteksi pada dada-kepala nyamuk An. maculatus dari Tegiri. Antigen CSP P. falciparum negatif pada dada-kepala nyamuk An. maculatus dari Gunungrego dan Tegiri. Proporsi An. maculatus yang mengisap darah manusia (Human Blood Index / HBI) adalah 40,00% di Tegiri dan 33,33% di Gunungrego. Angka paritas dan kepadatan An. maculatus lebih tinggi ditemukan di Tegiri daripada di Gunungrego. Kata Kunci: malaria, ELISA sporozoit, analisis pakan darah. Abstract Malaria is still a health problem in Kulonprogo Regency, particularly in the Kokap Subdistrict. In the last two years indicate that in 2009, 1 out of 5 villages in Kokap Subdistrict were considered as malarious areas with Low Case Incidence (LCI). In the year of 2010, it increased to 3 villages. The increase of malaria cases in Kokap Subdistrict was related to the presence of  Anopheline mosquitoes which serve as potential vector. Several species such as Anopheles maculatus, An. aconitus, and An. balabacensis are suspected as potential malaria vectors in this area.  The objective of this study was to determine the vectorial competence of An. maculatus consisting of:  the An. maculatus mosquitoes susceptibility to Plasmodia,  its anthropophilic characteristics, the parity rate, and the mosquito density. The susceptibility of mosquito to Plasmodia was measured by detection of sporozoite protein antigen (Circum Sporozoite Protein/ CSP) of P. falciparum or P. vivax on the head-thorax of all parous mosquitoes. The anthropophilic characteristics were measured by detection of human blood on the abdomen of blood fed and half gravid mosquitoes. Both of these were done by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) technique. The study was conducted from  May until October 2011 in two villages i.e: Tegiri and Gunungrego, Kokap Subdistrict. The Anopheline mosquitoes were collected using the landing and resting mosquito collection technique both indoors and outdoors, at night (18.00-06.00) as well as in the morning (06.00-08.00) according to the WHO guideline. The density of An. maculatus was calculated and its parity was determined by microscopic ovary dissection. The result showed that An. maculatus in Gunungrego was susceptible to P. vivax with a sporozoite rate of 3.57 %. However, CSP antigen of P. vivax was not detected in the head-thorax of mosquitoes from Tegiri. CSP antigen of  P. falciparum was negative in the head-thorax  of mosquitoes both from Gunungrego and Tegiri villages. The proportion of An. maculatus fed on human (Human Blood Index / HBI) was 40,00 % in Tegiri and 33,33 % in Gunungrego. The parity rate of An. maculatus and its density was found higher in Tegiri than  in Gunungrego. Keywords: malaria, sporozoite ELISA, blood meal analysis.
Analisa Kesesuaian Lahan Dan Potensi Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit di Kabupaten Tanah Laut Menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis Widiarti, Widiarti; Nurlina, Nurlina
Jurnal Fisika FLUX Vol 9, No 1 (2012): Jurnal Fisika Flux Edisi Februari 2012
Publisher : Lambung Mangkurat University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/flux.v9i1.3130

Abstract

Kalimantan Selatan mempunyai potensi untuk perkebunan kelapa sawit yang cukup luas. Wilayah yang mempunyai potensi perkebunan kelapa sawit ini yaitu Kabupaten Tanah Laut. Penelitian ini dilakukan tentang kesesuaian dan potensi perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kabupaten Tanah Laut menggunakan sistem informasi geografis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kesesuaian lahan dengan parameter curah hujan, suhu udara, jenis tanah, dan topografi untuk perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kabupaten Tanah Laut menggunakan sistem informasi geografis serta mengetahui potensi perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kabupaten Tanah Laut. Metode yang digunakan untuk analisa kesesuaian lahan dan potensi perkebunan kelapa sawit yaitu metode matching. Hasil pengolahan data didapatkan luas kesesuaian lahan dalam kategori sesuai (S1) sekitar 313.495,859 ha (81,58%), cukup sesuai (S2) sekitar 57.583,805 ha (14,98%), sesuai marginal (S3) sekitar 12.189,264 ha (3,17%) dan tidak sesuai (N) sekitar 1.023,398 ha (0.27%). Luas lahan yang mempunyai potensi perkebunan yaitu lahan dalam kategori berpotensi (P1) seluas 65.830,00 ha (18,13%), cukup berpotensi (P2) seluas 33.050,00 ha (9.10%), dan berpotensi marginal (P3) seluas 4.996,86 ha (1,38%).
Perbandingan Mean Squared Error (MSE) Metode Prasad-Rao dan Jiang-Lahiri-Wan Pada Pendugaan Area Kecil Widiarti, Widiarti; Pertiwi, Rifa Rahma; Sutrisno, Agus
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknoka Vol 2 (2017): Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknoka ke - 2
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka, Jakarta

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Abstract

Metode Empirical Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (EBLUP) merupakan salah satu metode pendugaan area kecil yang digunakan pada data kontinu dengan mensubtitusikan komponen ragam yang tidak diketahui ke dalam  penduga BLUP. Keakuratan penduga salah satunya dapat diperoleh dengan cara mengukur Mean Squared Error (MSE). Beberapa metode telah dikembangkan dalam pendugaan MSE EBLUP. Prasad dan Rao (1990) mengembangkan penduga bagi MSE dengan menggunakan ekspansi deret Taylor. Jiang-Lahiri-Wan (2002) mengembangkan penduga bagi MSE dengan menggunakan metode Jackknife. Dalam penelitian ini pendugaan MSE bagi EBLUP dilakukan dengan kedua metode tersebut. Pendugaan MSE dilakukan secara empiris melalui data simulasi yang berdistribusi Normal dengan bantuan software R 3.3.3.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode pendugaan MSE EBLUP dengan metode Jiang-Lahiri-Wan relatif lebih baik karena menghasilkan nilai yang lebih kecil dibanding MSE Prasad dan Rao dan besarnya nilai ragam pengaruh acak menyebabkan nilai MSE yang dihasilkan semakin besar.
UJI MIKROPLAT AKTIVITAS ENZIM ESTERASE UNTUK MENDETEKSI RESISTENSI ANOPHELES ACONITUS TERHADAP INSEKTISIDA ORGANOFOSFAT Widiarti, Widiarti
Jurnal Kedokteran YARSI Vol 13, No 1 (2005): JANUARI - APRIL 2005
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian Universitas YARSI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (193.089 KB) | DOI: 10.33476/jky.v13i1.1045

Abstract

Non specific esterase are known to be important detoxification enzyme contributing to development of insecticides resistance in mosquitoes. Elevated esterase activity is one of the mechanisms of resistance to organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides in the mosquitoes. Such metabolic resistance can be detected by a microplate assay method. Mosquitoes vector resistance can occurs as a result of continuous exposure to the insecticide. Organophosphate insecticide has been used in the vector control program on Anopheles. aconitus, the malaria vector in Jepara Regency since 1983. The use of organophosphate and carbamate insecticides for five years for controlling Anopheles nigerrimus in Srilanka contribute to the selective resistance. This could happen to the population of An. aconitus in Jepara Regency. The objectives of this studies was to determine the potency of An. aconitus from Jepara Regency to be resistant to organophosphate insecticide related to esterase activity mechanism. The study methods used was biochemical assays (microplate assays )for elevated esterase. The level of esterases in larvae was determined using a and b naphthyl acetate, as the substrate andFast Blue B as the coupling reagent. The esterase activity was measured at 450 nm with Dytech ELISA plate reader. Microplate assay (Biochemical assays) on individual An. aconitus from Mlonggo II and Bangsri III subdistrics revealed that 12,9% and 28,6% population was resistant to organophosphate insecticide. The result showed that there was significant difference of elevated of esterase activity with both a and b naphthylacetate substrate hydrolysis, which appeared to be the major resistance mechanism in this multiple organophosphate resistant strain. Therefore the use of another insecticide group for vector control (An. aconitus) was suggested.
Uji Efek Analgesik Ekstrak Etanol Mencit Jantan dengan Metode Tail-Flick Widiarti, Widiarti; Andrajati, Retnosari; Amin, Juheini
Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol. 9, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

In the previous study the analgesic effect of Cinnamommum zeylanicum Breyn had been investigating. The aim of this study was to investigate analgesic effect of the 70% ethanol extract of cinnamon bark (Cinnamommum zeylanicum Breyn.). This study used Tail Flick method at 25 male mice which have passed sensitivity test, divided into five groupes. Group I as negative control was administered 0,5% CMC, group Il as positive control was administered tramadol HCI, group Ill, IV and V was administered extract of cinnamon bark at 8; 16 and 32 mg/20 g BW. Drugs were orally administered to mice. The reaction of time exhibited by each animal was counted for two hour with interval thirty minutes. The Result revealed that the prepared extract in at the all dose, had analgesic effect significantly in all groups which have been studied (p< 0,05) in comparison to the negative control, to the highest analgesic effect by dose (32 mg/ 20 g BW). Our results showed that the analgesic effect of extract (32 mg/20 g BW) the same with tramadol hidroclorida.
Co-Authors Bambang Heriyanto Damar Tri Boewono Juheini Amin Nurlina Nurlina Pertiwi, Rifa Rahma Retnosari Andrajati Ristiyanto Ristiyanto Supargiyono Supargiyono Sutrisno, Agus Tri Baskoro T. Satoto Umi Widyastuti