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All Journal International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Nani Iriani Djufri
Department of Health Science for Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT) and Head-Neck (HN) Surgery; Medical Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

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Retrospective Review of Nasofaring Carcinoma in Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital on 2011-2019 Period Andi Bachri; Nani Iriani Djufri
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA Vol. 2 No. 03 (2020): International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Publisher : TALENTA PUBLISHER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/ijnpc.v2i03.4400

Abstract

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the most common head and neck malignant tumor in Indonesia (60%), followed by malignant nasal and paranasal sinuses (18%), and larynx (16%).  Prevention of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma is still a problem; this is because the etiology is still uncertain; early symptoms are not typical. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to review nasopharyngeal carcinoma cases based on gender, stage, ethnicity, and complaints in Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital. Methods: This was a retrospective study to review the case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital from January 2011 to June 2019 with total samples of 280 cases. Samples were taken from medical records, and the data about gender, ethnicity, stage of the tumor, and complaints were collected. Results: Complaints felt by patients were generally due to a neck lump in 175 cases (62.5%), Blood staine rinore 45 cases (16%), tinnitus 25 cases (8.9%), cephalgia 5 cases (1 7%). Comparison of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma according to sex, men compared with women 2:1, namely men 188 cases (67.14%) and women 92 cases (32.86%). The origin of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients was the Bugis-Makassar tribe 178 cases (63.57%), the Toraja tribe as many as 32 cases (11.43%), Java 10 cases (3.57%), Mandar 4 cases (1.43%), others 56 cases (20%). The stages of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma were stage IV 160 cases (57.14%), stage III 57 cases (20.36%), stage II 49 cases (17.5%), stage I 14 cases (5%). Conclusion: 280 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma have been treated with a male ratio of 188 people: 92 women or 2: 1, this is the same as previous studies. The youngest age is found at 9 years as many as 3 people. The youngest age ever reported in Semarang is 4 years. Furthermore, most cases come in stage IV.
The Role of HLA-A2 Expression, CYP2E1 Gene Polymorphisms, and Nitrosamine Levels of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients in Makassar Nani Iriani Djufri; Irawan Yusuf; Sutji Pratiwi Rahardjo; Abdul Qadar Punagi
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA Vol. 2 No. 03 (2020): International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Publisher : TALENTA PUBLISHER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/ijnpc.v2i03.4401

Abstract

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is caused by several factors such as infections of Epstein Barr Virus (EBV), it has also been exaggerated by the genetic factors such as, HLA-A2, and environmental factors such as nitrosamines and the presence of polymorphisms of CYP2E1 gene that activates nitrosamines as pro oncogenes. Objective: To analyse the relationship between HLA-A2 expression, gene polymorphisms of CYP2E1 and nitrosamine levels in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Makassar. Methods: This research is analytic observational with cross-sectional design. Examination of HLA-A2 expression with immunohistochemical methods was conducted, along with genotyping CYP2E1 gene with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RLFP), and levels of nitrosamines with LCMS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). There are 70 samples with NPC, with clinical stadium according to AJCC 2010.  Data were also analyzed with SPSS 20 statistical tests and chi-square. Results: There is no significant result found within the expression of HLA-A2 with a clinical stage of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (P =0.554). Therefore, there is no significant correlation between the CYP2E1 gene polymorphism with the clinical stage of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (P=0.088). Furthermore, there is no significant correlation found between the levels of nitrosamines with clinical stage (P=0.079) and there was no significant relationship between CYP2E1 gene polymorphism and levels of nitrosamines with clinical stage. Moreover, there was no significant relation between the expression of HLA-A2, CYP2E1 gene polymorphism and levels of nitrosamines with a history of smoking. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant correlation between the expression of HLA-A2, CYP2E1 gene polymorphism and levels of nitrosamines to the clinical stage of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. However, if the CT genotype and levels of nitrosamines were detected in the samples obtained, then they have an increased progression of 7.2 times greater compared to patients who only had the CT genotype or only detectable levels of nitrosamines.
Co-Authors Abdul Qadar Punagi Andi Bachri Irawan Yusuf Pratiwi Rahardjo, Sutji