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All Journal Mumtaz: Jurnal Studi Al-Quran dan Keislaman Jurnal Al-Wasith : Jurnal Studi Hukum Islam
Muhamad Ichrom
UIN Walisongo Semarang
Religion Humanities Education Other

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HAK SIPIL AGAMA (HSA) DALAM PIAGAM MADINAH Muhamad Ichrom
Mumtaz: Jurnal Studi Al-Quran dan Keislaman Vol 4, No 02 (2020): Mumtaz: Jurnal Studi Al-Quran dan Keislaman
Publisher : Institut PTIQ Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36671/mumtaz.v4i02.138

Abstract

In this article discusses the Civil Rights of Religion (HSA). This right includes freedom to establish religion and beliefs of one's own choice, and freedom, both individually and jointly with others, both public and private, to practice their religion and beliefs in worship, observance, practice, and teaching ". It must be realized that in Islam such a thing is not absent. The Medina Charter is a strong proof of religious freedom in Islamic literature. From a comprehensive study of the Medina Charter as the constitution of the Medina state under the leadership of the Prophet Muhammad with the Hermeneutical approach found several values or principles related to religious civil rights. There are also principles that include the principles of justice, equality, freedom, and protection of minorities. These principles are the result of a dialectic between the concept of religious civil rights and the Medina Charter, one of which also includes religious freedom. There the authors find many similarities between the two. This equation can at least be seen from several things: First, that religious civil rights are rights relating to the fulfillment of rights by the state to its people relating to guarantees of freedom of religion and belief, then the Medina Charter is also a guarantee of the fulfillment of rights by the Prophet as the leader of Medina against the wrong citizens one also contains about religious freedom.
Epistemologi Uṣūl al-Fiqh Ṭāhā Jābir al-Alwānī : Antara Ortodoksi dan Modernitas Muhamad Ichrom
Jurnal Al-Wasith : Jurnal Studi Hukum Islam Vol. 5 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah, Prodi Ahwal As Syakhsiyah (AS) Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Al-Ghazali (UNUGHA) Cilacap

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (397.474 KB) | DOI: 10.52802/wst.v5i2.22

Abstract

Dalam keadaan seperti itu tampil, asy-Syāfi’ī r.a (w. 204 H) sebagai murid langsung dari imam Malik r.a sekaligus murid Abu Hanifah r.a dari jalur imam Muhammad b Hasan al-Syaibani, asy-Syāfî’ī r.a ingin mengkonvergensikan pemikiran kedua aliran tersebut yang akhirnya dituangkan dalam sebuah buku medologi yang bersifat epistemik yang kemudian dinamakan ar-Risalah. Kitab ini dikatakan oleh sementara ahli sebagai kitab induk uṣūl al-fiqh yang pertama. Mengingat fungsinya teramat vital, sehingga ilmu ini dikatakan bagian ilmu terpenting bagi umat Islam. Selain itu ia merupakan produk khas yang dimiliki umat Islam yang tidak dimiliki oleh Barat maupun peradaban manapun di dunia ini. Menurut sebagian pendapat ilmu ini tersusun dari gabungan berbagai disiplin ilmu, yakni logika Aristoteles, kaidah bahasa Arab, teologi (ilmu kalam), ilmu fiqih dan ilmu al-Qur’an dan Sunnah. Bahkan menurut al-Ghazālī (w. 505 H), sebagaimana dikutip Akmal Bashori (2020: 162) ilmu uṣūl al-fiqh merupakan ilmu yang paling tinggi derajatnya, karena merupakan gabungan dari dua jenis ilmu yakni ilmu naql murni seperti al-Qur’an, ḥadīs dan ilmu akal murni seperti logika (mantiq). Namun benarkah al-Ghazālī menganggap bahwa epistemologi ilmu usûl al-fiqh adalah gabungan antara naql dan aql, masih merupakan pertanyaan yang perlu diteliti lebih lanjut. Mengapa? Karena epistemologi uṣūl al-fiqh berbeda dengan epistemologi hukum Islam.
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