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Penentuan Daya Jerap Karbon Aktif Dari Tempurung Kelapa Terhadap Ion Cu(II) Rispiandi, Fadli; Yusnimar, Yusnimar; Helianty, Sri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Activated carbon which has a high adsorption capacity for the adsorbate. Activated carboncan be produced from materials containing carbon or charcoal was treated in a certain wayto gain more surface area. The research goal was to process coconut shell into a activatedcarbon and determine the adsorption power of the ion Cu (II). The dried coconut shell wascarbonated in a sealed drum to produced charcoal / carbon. Charcoal was crushed into aparticle size of 100 mesh. Charcoals with a size of 100 mesh were activated physically andchemically. The activation process of carbon physically carried out at a temperature of 300,500 and 700 ºC. While chemically, activated carbon was done by used Na2CO3 as anactivator. Carbon/charcoal was soaked in a solution of Na2CO3 for 24 hours. Furthermore, itwas separated from the solution of Na2CO3 and dried at a temperature of 105 ºC. Activatedcarbon obtained both physically and chemically characterized to determine such as ashcontent, moisture content and adsorption power of the iodine solution and Cu(II) in solution. The results showed that the carbon which activation under a temperature of 700 ºC was the best activated carbon has a water content of 4.13%, ash content of 5.25%, iodine number 1262.95% and the adsorption power of the ion Cu(II) 99.96%Keywords : Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Chemical Activation, Coconut Shell and PhysicsActivation

Pembuatan Sirup Glukosa Dari Tepung Sagu Yang Dihidrolisis Dengan Asam Klorida E, Sutanto; Yusnimar, Yusnimar; E, Yenie
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Sago is one of carbohydrates potential resource for foods and raw materials in industries. Sago can be treated to a glucose syrup by using HCl 0,5N as a catalyst. The purpose of this research is make glucose syrup with the process of hydrolysis of sago flour and determining the influence of temperature, volume the addition of acid and hydrolysis time on reducing sugar concentration of syrup produced. In order to get the highest of glucose concentration in these syrup, in this research sago hydrolysis process have been done under variation of the volume acid (10, 15 and 20 ml), the hydrolysis temperatures (105, 115 and 125 oC) and the hydrolysis time (15, 30 and 45 minutes). The glucose syrup were analyzed, such as water content by SNI 08-7070-2005 and glucose content by the Nelson-Somogyi method. Based on the result, the highest of glucose content in this syrup is 67.7% under condition the addition of 0.5 N HCl volume by 15 ml, hydrolysis time 30 minutes and temperature of 125 oC. The resulting glucose syrup meets the standard based on SNI 01-2978-1992 namely glucose concentration of more than 30% and a water content of less than 20%. Keywords: Glucose, Glucose Syrup, Hydrolysis, Sago

Kinetika Reaksi Transesterifikasi CPO Ber-FFA Tinggi Dengan Menggunakan Katalis ZnO Sintesis Irwanda, Juni; Helianty, Sri; Yusnimar, Yusnimar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 4, No 2 (2017): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2017
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Synthesized catalyst ZnO precipitant zinc oxalate was used as the catalyst for converted Crude Palm Oil (CPO) which has a high Free Fatty Acid (FFA) into methyl ester. This research is aimed to determine the kinetics of transesterification reaction of high FFA CPO to methyl ester with that catalyst. The data of kinetics transesterification reaction is done by isolation technique that is by comparison of mole ratio of CPO : methanol 1: 18. Kinetic of transesterification was carried out at different temperatures (45 - 65°C) and different times of reaction (0 - 60 minutes). The effects of temperatures and time of the reaction rate constant were investigated. The result showed that content of methyl ester increased with the increasing of the reaction temperatures. The highest content of methil ester of 97,7% was obtained at 65°C and 60 minutes of reaction time. The rate constant of transesterification was determined by employing integral and differential method with the overall chemical reaction following the pseudo first order reaction. The activation energy was 36,55 kJ/mol.Keywords: kinetic, methyl ester, transesterification, ZnO catalyst

Pengaruh Kecepatan Pengadukan Dan Waktu Proses Deasetilasi Kitin Dari Cangkang Kepiting (Portunus Pelagicus) Terhadap Karakteristik Kitosan Ardiansyah, M. Frendy; Drastinawati, Drastinawati; Yusnimar, Yusnimar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5 (2018): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2018
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Chitosan syntesized from chitin that isolated from crab shell wastes (Portunus pelagicus). Chitosan synthesized from Chitin that isolated from crab shell wastes (Portunus pelagicus) by deacetylation process. The purpose of this research tostudy the effect of the time reaction of the stirring speed in the deacetylation process. Crab Shell in the puree with a size 100 mesh. Chitin in the crab shell powder are in isolation by process deproteination and demineralization. Chitinwhich has been syntesized and then transformed into chitosan by deacetylation process with NaOH 60%, the mass ratio chitin and NaOH 60% volume 1 : 20 (w/v), at 120˚C, stirring speed 50 rpm, 100 rpm, 200 rpm, and time reaction 60 minutes,120 minutes, 180 minutes. The results showed that the degree of deacetylation and moisture content are increased during reaction time and speed stirring increasing. The Value of yield, moisture content, and degree of deacetylation respectively ranged from 53,6%-83%, 18%-70%, 36%-70%. Chitosan with the highest value of degree of deacetylation is obtained in the reaction time of 180 minutes and stirring speed of 200 rpm with the value of degree of deacetylation is 83%, the value of yield is 69%, the moisture content is 70%, and the ash content is 10,9%.Keywords: Chitin, Chitosan, Deacetylation Process, Degree of Deacetylation, Crab Shell, Characterization.

Pendekatan Shrinking Core Model (SCM) Pada Reaksi Deasetilasi Kitin Menjadi Kitosan Dari Limbah Cangkang Kepiting S, Muhammad Rizki; Drastinawati, Drastinawati; Yusnimar, Yusnimar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2019
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Chitosan is a derivative of chitin compounds used in the biomedical field. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of mixing speed on the degree of deacetylation of chitosan produced and can describe the reaction kinetics model with the Shrinking Core Model (SCM) approached. The procedure of research begins with the preparation of crab shells. Then crab shells were deproteinated with 3.5% NaOH, ratio 1:10 (b/v) for 2 hours and mixing speed by 150 rpm. After process of deproteinization, then demineralization with 1 N HCl, 1:15 (b / v) ratio for 1 hour and mixing speed of 150 rpm were carried out. The results of demineralization were chitin, then chitin was deacetylated with 55% NaOH, ratio 1:20 (b / v) at 120°C by varying the mixing speed by 100 rpm, 150 rpm and 200 rpm for 3 hours. Samples were taken every 15 minutes and increments of 10 mL, washed to neutral pH and dried. The degree of deacetylation of chitosan was analyzed by using the acid base titration method. The results showed that mixing speed was increased, the degree of deacetylation of chitosan also increased, each variation was 68,38%; 82,92% and 85,62%. The reaction kinetics model that was suitable for describing events that occur in chitosan synthesis were model 1, called diffusion through liquid film control. Keywords: crab shell, chitosan, degree of deacetylation, shrinking core model

Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari PFAD Dengan Katalis Cu-HAp: Variasi Nisbah PFAD : Metanol dan Massa Katalis Kamarullah, Rahmat; Yelmida, Yelmida; Yusnimar, Yusnimar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2019
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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The increasing level of human dependence on fuel oil, an active step is needed to develop alternative fuels. At present biodiesel is a reliable energy as an environmentally friendly and inexpensive alternative energy in its production. Biodiesel is a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) made from fat / oil. In this research, PFAD (Palm Fatty Acid Destillate) is used as raw material for making biodiesel. PFAD will be converted to FAME. This esterification reaction varied the ratio of PFAD: Methanol 1: 8, 1:12, and 1:15 with a constant stirring speed of 350 rpm at a temperature of 60 ËšC for 3 hours. The presence of metalhydroxyapatite catalysts (Cu-HAp, Co-HAp, Ni-HAp, and HAp) of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 grams will help convert PFAD to FAME. The effect of time and type of metal-HAp on the conversion of PFAD to FAME will be the focus of the study in this study. The highest biodelic yield was obtained at the PFAD ratio: Metahonol 1:15 with a catalyst mass of 0.1 gram. The biodiesel physics test results are in accordance with SNI 04-7182-2006 which includes a density of 0.84 g / ml, viscosity of 4.8 cSt, flash point of 120 ËšC, yield of 61.48%, acid number of 0.73 mg KOH / g of oil. Based on the analysis of GC-MS (Mass Chromatography Gas), the main compounds found in the biodiesel from PFAD were Pandecanoic methyl ester 18.49%. Key Words : biodiesel, esterification, methanol, PFAD.

Pengaruh Suhu Dan pH Terhadap Bentuk Partikel Hidroksiapatit Dari Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) Kulit Telur Itik Melalui Metode Presipitasi Fadli, Deno Febri; Azis, Yelmida; Yusnimar, Yusnimar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2019
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) is the most stable form of calcium phosphate, which is widely used in various medical applications, mainly in orthopedics and dentistry due to it’s similarities with inorganic mineral component of bone and teeth. However, in spite of chemical similarities, mechanical performance of synthetic hydroxyapatite was very poor compared with that of natural bone. It is possible to improve the properties of hydroxyapatite ceramics by controlling important parameters of powder precursors such as particle size, particle shape and agglomeration. In this study, synthesized of hydroxyapatite used PCC and (NH4)2PO4 as raw material by using precipitation method. The PCC was made from duck’s eggshells with carbonation method. The hydroxyapatite obtained by varying the temperature (30oC, 50oC, 70oC) and pH (8, 10, 12), would be sintered in 500 oC and then characterized by using SEM and XRD. Plate-like hydroxyapatite was synthesized at temperature 30oC; pH 10 and temperature 50oC; pH 10, needle-like hydroxyapatite was synthesized at temperature 70oC; pH 10. XRD analysis showed the similarities with standard hydroxyapatite ICDD 01-072-1243. It has been found that the degree of crystallinity had been raised as the temperature and pH increased.Keywords: duck eggshells, hydroxyapatite, particle shape, precipitation

Penentuan Kesetimbangan Adsorpsi Regenerated Spent Bleaching Earth (RSBE) Terhadap Ion Cu(II) S, Andi Muhammad; Yusnimar, Yusnimar; Helianty, Sri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Spent bleaching earth (SBE) is the waste that generated from bleaching units in palm oil refining industry. Solution for the waste reduction is regenerating SBE into regenerated spent bleaching earth (RSBE) which can be used as adsorbent heavy metals in waste waters such as Cu(II) derived from the industry. In this study SBE regenerated by extracting oil soxhletation at 72oC for 8 hours with solvent n-hexane, then washed with 3% HCl and finally physically activated at a temperature of 470oC. This study aims to determine the adsorption capability of RSBE and the corresponding adsorption isotherm models. A total of 1 g RSBE mixed with a solution of CuSO4 with a volume of 100 ml at various concentrations (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 ppm). The results showed that the ion adsorption of Cu(II) by RSBE reached equilibrium after 30 minutes of contact time, and adsorption occured by following the Langmuir isotherm adsorption models with correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.956 and the maximum value of adsorption capacity is 7.41 mg Cu(II)/g RSBE.Keywords: adsorption, adsorption isotherms, ion Cu (II), SBE, RSBE.

Pengujian Katalis ZnO Presipitan Zink Karbonat Pada Transesterifikasi CPO FFA Tinggi Desadria, Renny; Yusnimar, Yusnimar; Helianty, Sri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Crude palm oil (CPO) with a free fatty acid content (ALB) high crude can be processed into biodiesel. At present, various types of catalysts have been investigated for the process of making biodiesel from vegetable oils that have high levels of ALB, which of one is ZnO. This study aims to synthesis ZnO catalyst of precipitant ZnCO3 and is used as a catalyst in the process tranesterifikasi crude oil into biodiesel. The catalyst that has recycle synthesized and analyzed by FTIR, and the results compared with the FTIR spectrum of ZnO (Merck). Based on the results of FTIR analysis, synthesis catalyst ZnO fresh and ZnO catalyst which has been recycle the spectrum as the spectrum of ZnO p.a (Merck). After ZnO catalyst used, the catalyst in the recycle and reuse of the reaction to determine reusability ZnO catalyst in crude yield of biodiesel produced. Based on the results of the study, 90.78% yield crude biodiesel obtained from the reaction using fresh ZnO catalyst, crude biodiesel yield 85.46% for the reaction using ZnO catalyst which has been in the recycle first, crude biodiesel yield 75.67% and 70.98 % for reactions using ZnO catalyst which has been in the recycle second and third times. Biodiesel produced has a density of 870.51 to 887.58 kg / m3, kinematic viscosity of 5.76 to 5.77 mm2 / s, the flash point of 143-170 Â° C, acid number 0.76 -0.79 mg-KOH / g -biodiesel and alkyl ester content of 96.54 to 96.67%. Keywords : crude biodiesel, characterization of ZnO, crude palm oil (CPO), FTIR spectrum, recycle, transesterification.

Konversi Kayu Ketapang (Terminalia Catappa. L) Menjadi Bio-Oil Menggunakan Metode Pirolisis Dengan Katalis Co-Mo/NZA Rizky, Muhammad; Bahri, Syaiful; Yusnimar, Yusnimar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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The demand of fossil fuel is increasing each year. On the other hand, the availability of conventional petroleum fuels diminishing due to its non-renewable. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new alternative fuel that can be renewed, one of the solution is the processing of biomass into bio-oil. Bio-oil is a result of the pyrolysis of biomass. Availability of Ketapang rod is converted into bio-oil by pyrolysis method using catalysts natural zeolite. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of the catalyst to produce bio-oil, characterize the density, viscosity, acid number, and flash point of bio-oil that produced, as well as analyze the chemical components of bio-oil by GC-MS method. Pyrolysis of Ketapang rod catalyst from natural zeolite in the reactor slurry do by feeding 50 grams with the size -100 +200 mesh, silinap 500 ml, stirring speed is set to 300 rpm, 320oC temperature, and the process runs for 120 minutes. The results showed that the optimum yield obtained on 2.5% catalyst, amounting to 77%. The test results obtained by the physical properties of density 0.875 g/ml, 9.56 cSt viscosity, acid number of 49,89 gr NaOH/gr sample. Keywords: Bio-oil, pyrolysis, Ketapang rod, natural zeolite, alternative fuels

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