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Renesteen, Editha
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Chemical Properties, Biological Activities and Poisoning Treatment of Novichok: A Review Rahmania, Tesia Aisyah; Wardhani, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma; Renesteen, Editha; Harahap, Yahdiana
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Novichok is an organophosphate compound found as a nerve agent chemical weapon. However, the information about its chemical properties, biological activities, and molecular interactions in the body are still protected under the “top secret” security clearance. Novichok, with the codes A230, A232 and A234, is a compound whose structure has been successfully determined. The compound is synthesized from a precursor through a nucleophilic substitution reaction. Novichok agents are considered more potent than VX gas and can be applied in unitary and binary forms. This compound has ability for the binding with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) due to inability of acetylcholine metabolism. AChE catalyzes the rapid hydrolysis of acetylcholine to acetate and choline. The treatment of Novichok agent poisoning is similar to management of other nerve agents, such as atropine and pralidoxime administered intravenously. In this paper, we reviewed the Novichok component from chemical and biological perspective. Moreover, we discussed the potential molecular interaction and treatment of this compound.
CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing: Future Treatment of Duane Retraction Syndrome Zulfikar, Muhammad Raihan; Renesteen, Editha; Wardhani, Bantari W.K.
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 9, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Duane Retraction Syndrome (DRS) is characterized by limited eye movement. One of its causes is a mutation in the CHN1, MAFB, or SALL4 gene. Nowadays, the treatment for DRS is limited to glasses, occlusion, and surgery. However, this treatment has not been able to cure the disease’s hereditary issue. Another strategy to be considered for the treatment is CRISPR/Cas9, a tool for performing gene editing with a wide range of applications, including treating genetic diseases. We made sgRNA as a first step in using CRISPR/Cas9 as a treatment for DRS in silico using the CCTop website. By computing sgRNA, conducting tests, and analyzing the results, CRISPR/Cas9 may repair genetic mutations. Currently, there are no reports on the use of CRISPR/Cas9 in DRS. Hence, this study would be very useful as a starting point for using CRISPR/Cas9 as a DRS treatment. However, it needs to be further proven through in vivo, in vitro, and clinical trials study.
Co-Authors Rahmania, Tesia Aisyah Wardhani, Bantari W.K. Wardhani, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Yahdiana Harahap Zulfikar, Muhammad Raihan