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All Journal Makara Journal of Science
Siti Gusti Ningrum, Siti Gusti
Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Udayana, Bali

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Evaluation of Nitrite Concentration in Edible Bird’s Nest (White, Yellow, Orange, and Red Blood) Ningrum, Siti Gusti; Palgunad, Bagus Uda; Sasmita, Rochiman
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 26, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The color of edible bird’s nest is associated with its nitrite concentration, but this relationship remains inconclusive. This investigation aimed to evaluate the nitrite content in edible bird’s nest of four different colors: white, yellow, orange, and red blood. Fifty-eight edible bird’s nest samples were obtained from five swiftlet farmhouses in Borneo Island, Indonesia and analyzed for nitrite content using Genesys 30 visible spectrophotometer. Results showed that the dark-colored edible bird’s nests (yellow, orange, and red blood) had higher nitrite concentrations of 304, 317, and 309 ppm, respectively, compared with the white-colored one (15 ppm). Therefore, the color of edible bird’s nest was associated with its nitrite concentration. This study provided updated information about the nitrite concentration in edible bird’s nest of various colors.
The Potency of Citrus aurantiifolia Swingle and Sea Salt Solution as a Cleansing Agent for Edible Bird’s Nests Ningrum, Siti Gusti; Candra, Adhitya Yoppy Ro; Wardhani, Hana Cipka Pramuda
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The present study aimed to evaluate the potency of Citrus aurantiifolia Swingle and sea salt solution as a promising cleansing agent for edible bird’s nests (EBNs). Ascorbic acid, sodium, and chloride analyses of the C. aurantiifolia Swingle and sea salt solution were conducted using HPLC, ICP-OES, and titrimetry, respectively. The characteristics of physical samples and hydrogen peroxide detection were examined in this study. The reduction activity of the Citrus aurantiifolia Swingle and sea salt solution on the nitrite of 120 white EBNs was studied. This nitrite reduction activity was compared with the available method (standard), drinking water method, 6% C. aurantiifolia Swingle extraction method, and sea salt water. An organoleptic test was performed by three trained panelists to determine the color of the samples before and after treatments. The results showed that the C. aurantiifolia Swingle and sea salt solution contained 0.27 mg/100 mL of ascorbic acid, 76370.93 mg/L of sodium, and 7555.61 mg/100 mL of chloride. In comparison results, the C. aurantiifolia Swingle and sea salt solution can reduce nitrite levels up to 86%, remove hydrogen peroxide, and improve the natural color of EBNs. The present study provides the first potential future cleansing agent for EBNs.
Chicken Immune Responses to Vaccination by the Avian Influenza Subtype H5N1 against Avian Influenza Ramlah, Ramlah; Murtini, Sri; Soejoedono, Retno Damayanti; Natih, Ketut Karuni Nyanakumari; Ningrum, Siti Gusti
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Avian Influenza (AI) is one of the strategic animal diseases still considered a priority for control by the Indonesian government. This study aimed to examine the immune response of chickens to various types of H5N1 subtype AI vaccines in Indonesia and to determine the correlation of factors influencing the post-vaccination AI antibody response. Serum samples were tested using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test with the standard AI antigen subtype H5N1 strain A/Chicken/Barru/BBVM/41-13/2013 (Clade 2.1.3) and strain A/Chicken/Semarang/04141225-07/2014 (Clade 2.3.2). Antibody titer was calculated using the Geometric Mean Titer (GMT). The correlation analyses were performed to assess the correlation of antibody titer against each of the following factors: age of chicken at the time of sampling, the interval between sampling time and the previous vaccination, and the number of vaccinations performed. The results showed that the average antibody titer value against the AI antigen subtype H5N1 strain A/Chicken/Barru/BBVM/41-13/2013 (Clade 2.1.3) was highest in samples from the South Sumatra Province, namely, Palembang City, which was 26.42 HIU. The results showed a significant correlation (p-value <0,05) between antibody titer and the interval between sampling time and the previous vaccination, the number of vaccination performed and age of chicken at the time of sampling. Therefore, results showed that the immunity developed from vaccination using the AI vaccine seed subtype H5N1 could induce immunity with a protective value of ≥16.
Co-Authors Candra, Adhitya Yoppy Ro Natih, Ketut Karuni Nyanakumari Palgunad, Bagus Uda Ramlah Ramlah Retno Damayanti Soejoedono Rochiman Sasmita sri murtini . Wardhani, Hana Cipka Pramuda