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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN HASIL FRAKSI EKSTRAK ETANOL SPONS Theonella swinhoei YANG DIPEROLEH DARI PULAU MANADO TUA Gloria Sefania Maukar; Adithya Yudistira; karlah mansauda
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 3 (2022): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

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Abstract

Spons ini merupakan organisme laut yang banyak memiliki potensi untuk menghasilkan senyawa aktif. Theonella swinhoei memproduksi metabolit primer dan sekunder, salah satu jenis metabolit sekunder yaitu antioksidan. Antioksidan adalah zat penghambat reaksi oksidasi akibat radikal bebas yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan asam lemak tak jenuh sehingga menimbulkan penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dari spons Theonella swinhoei. Spons Theonella swinhoei diperoleh dari Pulau Manado Tua, Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental laboratorium dengan metode ekstraksi maserasi. Pengujian terhadap fraksi ekstrak etanol Spons Theonella swinhoei menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) yang diukur dengan alat spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi ekstrak etanol Spons Theonella swinhoei memiliki aktivitas antioksidan pada masing-masing fraksi, ekstrak etanol (59,66), fraksi N- Hexan (59,5%), fraksi CHCl3 (59,23%) dengan konsentrasi 100 mg/L, dan fraksi MeOH 65,93 %.  Dari hasil ini terlihat bahwa Fraksi MeOH memiliki hasil paling tinggi dari pelarut yang lain yaitu sebanyak 65,93 %. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam spons Theonella swinhoei terdapat banyak komponen bioaktif yang bersifat polar.
EVALUASI PERESEPAN OBAT BERDASARKAN INDIKATOR WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) DI PUSKESMAS TELING ATAS meliska debora saibaka; Widya Lolo; Karlah Mansauda
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

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ABSTRACTIrrational prescription can cause polypharmacy, resistance, and medication interactions, thus, evaluation of prescription medication should be compulsory. This study aimed to determine the appropriate percentage of prescription medication at Community Health Centre in Teling Atas in comparison with prescription indicators of WHO. Data gathering methods was carried out using random sampling. The study finding indicated that the average of medication in each prescription is 2.49, prescription with generic names is 97.06%, antibiotic prescription is 24.80%, the use of injection preparation is 0%, and the item percentage of drugs prescribed according to National Formulary is 81.97%. Based on the finding acquired, it was concluded that the percentage of prescription with generic names and the percentage of injection preparation are consistent, however, the item average of drugs in each prescription, the percentage of antibiotic prescription, and the percentage of national formulary drugs are not.    Keywords: Prescription, WHO Indicator, Community Health Centre.  ABSTRAKPeresepan yang tidak rasional dapat menyebabkan polifarmasi, resistensi dan terjadinya interaksi obat, untuk itu diperlukan evaluasi peresepan obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persentase kesesuaian peresepan obat di Puskesmas Teling Atas dibandingkan dengan indikator peresepan WHO. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan random sampling. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu rata-rata item obat tiap lembar resep sebesar 2,49 rata-rata item, peresepan dengan nama generik 97,06%, peresepan antibiotik 24,80%, penggunaan sediaan injeksi sebesar 0% dan persentase item obat yang diresepkan sesuai dengan Formularium Nasional 81,97%. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa persentase peresepan dengan nama generik dan persetase peresepan sediaan injeksi sudah sesuai sedangkan rata-rata item obat tiap lembar resep, persentase peresepan obat antibiotik dan persentase item obat formularium nasional tidak sesuai. Kata Kunci: Resep, Indikator WHO, Puskesmas.
FORMULATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF COCOA BEAN EXTRACT TOOTHPASTE (Theobroma Cacao L.) AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS BACTERIA Apriliani Margaret Marista Lourina Rarung; Paulina Yamlean; Karlah Mansauda
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

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Cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao L.) are seeds of the cocoa tree which have a active components, is polyphenols which have the potential as antibacterial. This study aimed to formulate the toothpaste of Cocoa bean ethanol extract with concentrations of 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15% and tested for physical evaluation of the preparation and to obtain the inhibitory power against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. In this research, the cocoa beans was extracted used the maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent and tested for antibacterial used the well method. The results showed an organoleptic physical evaluation requirements, homogeneous homogeneity test, pH test 7.4-7.7, spreadability test 30-33 mm, and adhesion test 2.25-3.23 seconds. Toothpaste has antibacterial activity with an average diameter of F1 (8.16 mm), F2 (8.5 mm), F3 (9.5 mm), F4 (10.41 mm) are in the medium category and F5 (11.58 mm) is in the strong category. Based on the study result can be concluded that all formulations of toothpaste preparations of Cocoa bean ethanol extract filled the antibacterial activity requirements and physical test requirements and had the strongest antibacterial activity at a concentration of 15% at 11.58 mm.
FORMULATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF LIQUID SOAP CORN SILK (Zea mays L.) ETHANOL EXTRACT AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus Veren Naftalia Mamangkey; Paulina Yamlean; Karlah Mansauda
PHARMACON Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

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Corn Silk (Zea mays L.) contains flavonoid compounds that can inhibited the growth of bacteria. This study aimed to make a liquid soap formulation of corn silk ethanol extract which is physically good and to test the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with variations in the concentration of the extract, that is 6%, 9%, 12%, 15%. This study used the maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent, then the antibacterial activity is tested by the well method. The results of physical testing for the liquid soap of corn silk ethanol extract filled the requirements set by Indonesian national standards. Antibacterial testing showed that the diameter of the inhibition zone at F1 was 4.8 mm (weak), F2 6.6 mm and F3 10.8 mm (moderate), and F4 12.2 mm (strong). From this research, it can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of corn silk can be formulated into liquid soap preparations that are physically good and have strong antibacterial activity in formula 4 with a concentration of 15%, which is 12.2 mm.
Co-Authors Adithya Yudistira Apriliani Margaret Marista Lourina Rarung Gloria Sefania Maukar meliska debora saibaka Paulina yamlean Veren Naftalia Mamangkey Widya Lolo