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Pengaruh Proses N-Hexane Solvent Extraction pada Ekstraksi Bitumen dari Aspal Buton sebagai Bahan Baku Minyak Bumi Nonkonvensional: The Effect Of Solvent N-Hexane Extraction on Bitumen Extraction from Butone Asphalt As A Raw Material af Non-Conventional Natural Oil Hermin Hardyanti Utami; Setyawati Yani; Zakir Sabara
JURNAL SAINS TEKNOLOGI & LINGKUNGAN Vol. 9 No. 1 (2023): JURNAL SAINS TEKNOLOGI & LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jstl.v9i1.415

Abstract

Buton tar sand or commonly known as asbuton is a natural tar sand deposit found in Buton Island, Southeast Sulawesi. The reserve of asbuton is approximately 179.1 million tons with a hypothetical resource of oil amounting to 10,577,646,000 liters. Asbuton is potentially used as an alternative raw material for non-conventional oil. Non-conventional oil from asbuton could be used as a substitute to the depleted resources of conventional oil in Indonesia. Asbuton non-conventional oil could be prepared by extracted bitumen, a heavy hydrocarbon material in asbuton tar sand from its mineral. The bitumen then could be further processed to produce non-conventional oil. Various studies have been carried out to extract bitumen with various solvents. This study uses direct extraction and soxhlet extraction methods with n-hexane solvent to obtain the most optimum percentage of bitumen. Direct extraction method is done by varying the temperature (40, 45, 50, 55, 60oC) and the weight ratio of asphalt and n-hexane solvent (1:20; 1: 30; 1:40; 1:50). Based on the results of research that has been done, the highest percentage of bitumen yield is formed at 40oC and at a ratio of 1:20 that is 88.60% for the direct extraction method. The 1:40 ratio of soxhlet solvent extraction has the highest bitumen yield of 90.97%. After that, a characteristic analysis was carried out using FTIR with a strong absorbance in the area of 1423.47; 1033.85; 873.75; 709.80 cm-1 representing the C-H and C = H groups.
Deteksi Kekasaran Permukaan Nugget Weld Dengan Menggunakan Aplikasi Terhadap Hasil Pengelasan Rsw pada Plat Stainless Steel 304 Muhammad Aqdar Fitrah; Hermin Hardyanti Utami
Indonesian Journal of Fundamental Sciences Vol 9, No 1 (2023): Article in Press
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26858/ijfs.v9i1.37227

Abstract

Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) is welding process that is widely used in the automotive industry such as the manufacture of vehicle bodies. This study aims to measure the level of roughness in stainless steel grade 304 with the RSW Welding method. In this study, Gwyddion software was used to measure the roughness of stainless steel grade 304. This study used variations in electric current, which are 5kA and 7kA, with a pressure of 3 bar and 9 seconds with 100 x 25 mm for the size. Furthermore, for each electric current there are 3 specimens and macro photo tests are carried out then the roughness values for 5kA is 153 µm, 151 µm, and 150 µm. Moreover, the rough values of 7kA is 133 µm, 135 µm and 101 µm. From the results, it was found that the higher of welding current, the smoother of the roughness of the nugget weld. This is because the heat that enters the nugget weld undergoes a good maturation process.