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Pengaruh pendidikan gizi kepada ibu terhadap konsumsi makanan dan status gizi anak balita penderita tuberkulosis primer di rawat jalan RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang Mulyati, Tatik; Prawirohartono, Endy Paryanto; Sudargo, Toto
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 1, No 2 (2004): November
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Background: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that persists as a public health problem in Indonesia. The tuberculosis infected to the under 5-years old-children namely primary tuberculosis, could decrease the childrenâ€™s immunity eventually causes death, which were 100.000 death rate 75% are childrenâ€™s. Conditions of childrenâ€™s health were deeply depending on the quality and quantity of their food consumption. An adequate consumption is needed to increase their nutrition status. To improve the maternal behavior of childrenâ€™s food consumption, it is necessary to give nutritional education.Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of nutritional education on the food consumption and nutrition status of the under 5-years old-children that infected by primary tuberculosis.Methods: The research was an experimental research using randomized controlled trial method. The subject was 1 to 5- year(s) old-children those who infected by primary tuberculosis at Unit Rawat Jalan RSUP Dokter Kariadi Semarang. Two groups chosen by randomized got different treatments, i.e. availability and unavailability of nutritional education. Each group was asked to come to Poliklinik Paru Anak every two-week for two months (4 times). The food consumption data was collected by multiple recalls before treatment and after research. The nutrition status was determined by weight per age and weight per height of Z- Score WHO NCHS.Results: The result of this study showed that after the nutritional education issued, the energy consumption average of children has increase 18.18% from necessity and the protein consumption average of children has increase 21.39% from necessity. There was a significant effect of nutritional education on increasing protein consumption of under 5-years old-children that was infected by primary tuberculosis (p<0.05). It was also showed that the Z-Score increasing (weight per age and weight per height) of children in treatment-group was higher than the control-group.Conclusion: Nutritional education has a significant effect on increasing protein consumption of under 5-years old-children that was infected by primary tuberculosis (p<0.05), or there is increasing of protein consumption about 21.39%.

Efek F100 dan formula tepung tempe terhadap kadar serum Fe dan hemoglobin pada anak gizi kurang Iva, Tsalissavrina; Prawirohartono, Endy Paryanto; Lestari, Lily Arsanti
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 9, No 1 (2012): Juli
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Background: Protein energy deficiency is a major public health problem in Indonesia. WHO has recommended F100 made from skim milk for undernourished patient. Alternative formulas have been developed using other nutritious foods that are cheaper, easily accessible and can be used for children with lactose intolerance such as tempe flour.Objective: To investigate the effect of F100 and tempe flour formula supplementation on serum Fe and hemoglobin (Hb) levels of undernourished child.Method: This was an experimental study with randomized controlled clinical trial design and purposive sampling method. Subjects of the study were undernourished patients aged 1-10 years hospitalized at Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang. Sample consisted of 30 patients divided into 2 groups; group 1 supplemented with F100 and group 2 with tempe flour formula. Hb level was assessed by cyanmethemoglobin and serum Fe level by colorimetric method. Dietary intake data was collected by visual comstock and food recall. Data were analyzed by chi square, unpaired t-test and double linear regression.Results: Statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences in Hb (p=0.139) and serum Fe levels (p=0.313) between both groups after treatment. Intake data indicated that there was a significant disparity in protein (p=0.019) and Fe intake (p=0.006) between the two groups, whereas energy, fat and carbohydrate intake showed no significant differences. Lastly, the association between energy and nutrient intake with serum Fe and Hb levels was not significant and the correlation was weak (r<1).Conclusion: There were no significant differences in hemoglobin and serum Fe levels between F100 group and tempe flour formula group, but there was a significant difference in protein and Fe intake.

Efek suplementasi vitamin A pada ibu nifas terhadap pertumbuhan bayi umur 0-4 bulan Abdullah, Abdullah; Prawirohartono, Endy Paryanto; Helmyati, Siti
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 9, No 3 (2013): Januari
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Background: Vitamin A deficiency is a nutritional problem in infants since breastmilk insufficiently contains vitamin A. Therefore it is necessary to study the effect of vitamin A supplementation to mothers at parturition period on growth and morbidities of infants at 0-4 months of age.Objective: To identify the effect of vitamin A supplementation to mothers at parturition period on growth and morbidities of infants at 0-4 months of age.Method: We conducted a randomized controlled trial from March-July 2009 at Province of Lampung. We recruited 90 mothers that were grouped into vitamin A supplementation group and socialization about vitamin A group during parturition period. The outcomes of this study were growth in WHZ and morbidities of infants at 0-4 months of age measured as duration of acute diarrhea and upper respiratory infections. Statistical analysis was performed by using Chi-Square and t-test.Results: The growth of infants of 0-4 months from vitamin A supplemented mothers was not significantly different from the socialization group. Duration of diarrhea and acute respiratory tract infection of infants from supplemented mothers at parturition period was significantly shorter than of infants from socialization group.Conclusion: The growth of infant at 0-4 months of age from vitamin A supplemented mothers at parturition period were not significantly different from those who were from education group. Duration of diarrhea and acute respiratory tract infection of infants from vitamin A supplemented mothers at parturition period were shorter than those who were from education group.

Pengaruh pijat bayi terhadap kenaikan berat badan bayi umur 4 bulan Shoim, Mohammad; Prawirohartono, Endy Paryanto; Julia, Madarina
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 3, No 2 (2006): November
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Background: Optimum growth and development reflect the interaction among genetics, environments, attitude factors, and positive stimulations. The positive effect of massage on infant growth has long been recognized, but research on this phenomenon has not much been performed. The growth faltering in children begins at 1-6 months of age in Indonesia.Objective: To identify the effect of massage toward weight gain in infants of 4 months old.Method: The study was quasi-experimental with 2 groups of posttest design. The subjects were infants of 4 months old that were born in two hospitals. Those who were born in one hospital were selected as the control group and the rest were selected as the treatment group. The massage was performed twice a week for four weeks. The data of weight, food intake, illness were collected once a week, whereas the data of mothersâ€™ knowledge and attitude toward breast milk were gathered once during the research period.Results: There was a significant effect of massage on weight gain. The median weight gain of the control group and treatment group were 0.40 kg (Q1=0.35; Q3=0.40) and 0.60 kg (Q1=0.50; Q3=0.70) respectively. The massage also affected the waz (weight for age Z-scores) where the median difference of waz at the beginning and the end of the study of the control group was â€“0.27 (Q1=-0.34; Q3=-0.23), whereas in the treatment group was -0.03 (Q1=-0.13; Q3=0.09). It meant that control group faced the growth faltering of â€“0.27 SD waz in a month and treatment group did it for â€“0.03 SD waz in a month.Conclusion: Infants who got massage treatment had higher weight gain than those who did not.

Hubungan berat badan lahir, pemberian ASI eksklusif, status gizi dan stimulasi kognitif dengan kecerdasan anak usia 5â€“6 Tahun Andarwati, Rini; Prawirohartono, Endy Paryanto; Gamayanti, Indira Laksmi
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 2, No 3 (2006): Maret
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Background: Intellegence is affected by 2 factors, internal (genetics) and external (nutrition intake, infection, toxin, stimu- lation, environmental) factors. Sufficient nutrition is very important during pregnancy. Birth weight and exclusive breastfeeding affect brain growth and development. Malnutrition during infancy results in stunting and impaired cognitive function in children. Lack of stimulation may affect intelligence.Objective: The objective of the study was to find out the relationship among birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, nutrition status and cognitive stimulation and intelligence.Method: An analytic observational study was conducted with cross sectional design, at kindergarten in Prambanan Subdistrict. Subjects were recruited based on a cluster random sampling technique. There were 50 children and mothers met the inclusion criteria of mothers who knew the childâ€™s background (birth weight, breastfeeding practices) and were willing to be included in this study. Intelligence was assessed using Stanford Binet test. Data were analyzed with chi square and logistic regression tests.Results: The study showed that 76% of children had normal intelligence and 24% of children had abnormal intelligence. Based on multivariable analysis, low cognitive stimulation was a risk factor of getting low IQ score (OR=15.6; CI 95%=1.725â€“ 141.272), whereas birth weight (OR=1.1; CI 95%=0.126â€“ 9.751), exclusive breastfeeding (OR=4.9; CI 95%=0.494â€“ 49.054) and nutrition status did not relate to intelligence.Conclusion: There was significant relationship between cognitive stimulation and intelligence, whereas birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and nutrition status did not significantly relate with intelligence.

Jenis kelamin anak, pendidikan ibu, dan motivasi dari guru serta hubungannya dengan preferensi makanan anak sekolah pada anak prasekolah di TK Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto Proverawati, Atikah; Prawirohartono, Endy Paryanto; Kuntjoro, Tjahjono
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 5, No 2 (2008): November
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Background: Preference to foods among children is a predictor of food consumption pattern. Therefore good under- standing on food preference of children, factors related to foods most likes and disliked needs to be studied forÂ nutrition education and food supply planning for children.Objective: To find out the relationship between children sex, education of mother, and motivation of teachers with preference to foods available in school among preschool children at Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto.Methods: The study used cross sectional approach by analyzing data of 60 preschool children. Observation and interview were carry out to identify food preference of the children. The independent variables were children sex, education of mothers, and motivation of teachers whereas the dependent variable was preference to foods available in school.Results: Boys liked jellies and quail egg satay whereas girls liked vegetable filled pastry and cracker fries. The result of chi-square test showed that there was difference in food preference between the girls and boys (p<0.05). Education of mothers was also related to preference to foods among children.Conclusion: There were significant relationship between sex and education of mothers with preference to foods available in school among preschool children

Pengaruh pelatihan tenaga gizi puskesmas terhadap program keluarga sadar gizi di Kota Samarinda Provinsi Kalimantan Timur Iswandi, Sri Sedono; Prawirohartono, Endy Paryanto; Mursyid, Abidillah
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 4, No 2 (2007): November
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Background: Under nutrition remains a major malnutrition problem in Indonesia. In dealing with the problem, the Indonesian government has already implemented strategies including empowering health workers and families. It is very likely that the nutrition problem and the family awareness on nutrition are closely related. Families that practice balanced nutrition are able to recognize and cope with their nutrition problems are defined as nutritionally aware or better known as Kadarzi.Objective: To study the impact of nutrition training on family awareness on nutrition in Samarinda province of East Kalimantan.Method: This observational study was carried out using cross-sectional design. The study population was household with under five years old children in Samarinda. A hundred and thirty two households were drawn from the population with cluster random sampling technique. The data gathered in the study were Kadarzi indicators, achievement program on Kadarzi, and related information that was collected by inter-viewing Head of Primary Health Care Center (puskesmas) and Integrated Health Service Center (posyandu) cadres at the village level.Result: The training on nutrition had an effect to attainment of the family awareness (Kadarzi) in Samarinda (OR=6,9; 95 % CI =1,98 â€“ 23,82). Other variable which playing a part in of the influence was mother education.Conclusion: Nutrition staff who were well trained had an effect to attainment of the family awareness.

Obesitas sentral berhubungan dengan toleransi glukosa terganggu pada remaja perempuan Astuti, Lucia Mawarti Dwi; Prawirohartono, Endy Paryanto; Noormanto, Noormanto; Julia, Madarina
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 8, No 3 (2012): Januari
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Background: Obesity in adolescents has become health problem in Indonesia. Central obesity is associated with insulin resistance.Theoretically, insulin resistance will cause impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and could develop into type 2 diabetes.Objective: The aim of this study were to evaluate the difference in IGT prevalence between central and non central obesity and to identify the risk factors associated with IGT.Â Method: A cross sectional study was conducted at 3 private secondary schools in Yogyakarta and recruited 62 obese female students aged 12-18 years.The subjects were classified into central obesity (BMI/U> +2SD and waist circumference > p90) and non central obesity based on anthropometric data. Fasting glucose and 2 hours after loading were measured in all subjects. Differences in the proportion of IGT between the two groups was calculated by Chi-square test and risk factors associated with IGT were calculated by multivariate logistic regression with 95% confidence interval.Result: Of 62 subjects, 14 of them have IGT and the prevalence of IGT was significantly higher in the central obesity group compared to non central obesity group (11/31 vs 3/31, p=0.03). Central obesity was found to be the only risk factor of IGT (OR=4.6; 95%CI: 1.04 to 20.24). Twenty one of the subjects were found to have impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (34%) and one subject (1.6 %) had IFG+IGT. There were no differences in the proportion of IFG between central and non central obesity groups.Â Conclusion: The prevalence of IGT in female students with central obesity was higher compared to those with non central obesity. A female student with central obesity had 4.6-fold risk of having IGT compared to those with non central obesity.

Pemberian makanan F100 dengan bahan substitusi tepung tempe terhadap status protein pasien anak dengan gizi kurang Kholidah, Diniyah; Prawirohartono, Endy Paryanto; Nisa, Fatma Zuhrotun
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 10, No 2 (2013): Oktober
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Background: Much effort has been made to counter the weaknesses of F100 through the development of milk powder substituted with ingredients that have a high content of protein and energy, high bioavailability and relatively low cost.Objective: To analyze an effect of F100 supplementation using substitute tempeh flour on protein status (total protein serum and serum albumin) among undernourished pediatric patients.Method: Experimental research with randomized clinical control trial among 30 undernourished children consisting of open clinical trial in two experiment groups, supplemented with F100 or substitute F100 (isoenergetic and isoprotein diet) within 14 days. The study was undertaken in April-August 2010 at pediatric inpatient room of Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang. Data of food intake were obtained through visual Comstock and 24-hour food recall; data of total serum protein through biuret method; serum albumin (Alb) through cellulose acetate electrophoresis method. Data analysis was using Pearson Chi-Square test and unpaired t-test.Results: The result of unpaired t-test on the average intake of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate showed there was no significant difference in each experimental groups (p>0.05). The test result of total serum protein level and serum Alb level showed there was no significant difference in each experiment (p=0.240 and p=0.774). The result of correlation coefficient test showed there was no significant association between intake of energy and nutrient and total serum level and serum Alb level (p>0.05) and degree of association showed a weak association (r>0.25).Conclusion: Formula of F100 substitute as complementary food could be used as an alternative food in diet therapy of malnourished children on rehabilitation phase.

Analisis zat gizi dan biaya sisa makanan pada pasien dengan makanan biasa Djamaluddin, Mihir; Prawirohartono, Endy Paryanto; Paramastri, Ira
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 1, No 3 (2005): Maret
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Background: The quality of food service in a hospital can be assessed from the inpatientsâ€™ nutritional status. Food waste is an indicator of food service among inpatients. Besides its therapeutic value, food has a significant economic value. The wasting cost in term of food waste affects the total availability of food costs.Objective: This study analyzes the nutrient quantity and the cost of food waste among inpatients with regular diet at Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta.Method: This was a cross sectional study. The subjects were inpatients aged 17 to 60 years old who got regular diet with length of stay was at least three days, and were willing to take part in this study (n=100). The amount of food waste was measured using the Comstock visual estimation. The cost of food waste was calculated as the proportion of food waste from cost per serving. The quantity of nutrients in food waste was calculated using the Food Processor 2 software. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test.Results: There was a difference of food waste according to gender. Rice waste was found more frequent among female (p<0,005). There was a difference of food waste according to ward class. There were more waste of meat and vegetables among inpatients in class II and the difference was significant (p<0,05). There were more waste of meat and vegetables among patients with length stay of 7 â€“ 14 days and > 15 days (p<0,05). The vegetables and rice waste were more frequent among surgery and cancer inpatients (p<0,05). In average the nutritional value of food waste was 19,85% - 9,33% of a patientâ€™s RDA, while the wasting cost per day was Rp 1265,08 or 10,79% of all food cost per day. The annual wasting cost of food waste was Rp 45.543.120 or 4,4% of the available budget of Rp 1.038.605.333,00.Conclusion: There were differences of food waste according to gender, ward class, length of stay, and kind of disease, especially rice, meat, and vegetables.

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