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CLASSROOM INTERVENTION: READING TONI MORRISON’S A MERCY WITHIN INDONESIAN CONTEXT Manggong, Lestari
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Vol 17, No 2 (2017): OKTOBER 2017
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17509/bs_jpbsp.v17i2.9657

Abstract

Since knowledge often suits a situation, knowledge can work as a strategy. Spivak (1993) emphasizes that classroom can be staged as intervention. In the classroom, a case, a theory, or a concept is proposed, and students are encouraged to intervene. In Spivak’s “teaching machine”, it is strategic to always move outside and not be like the mainstream. To do this, one must inhabit, invest, and criticize the knowledge put in hand. With this in mind, this essay attempts to explore how reading literature can help Indonesians negotiate their identities across languages, generations, and cultures, and in the end, would look critically at the politics of identity and culture. This article argues that reading Toni Morrison’s A Mercy provides perspectives on the relevance of teaching American literature within Indonesian context. Tzvetan Todorov’s (1982) theory on the conquest of other helps the analysis on the novel’s colonial issue, while the conquest of America by female characters in the novel is discussed within the frame of feminist studies. Intervention in this case is conducted to question what can be reflected upon such issues for students in Indonesia whose country experienced (post)colonialism and is continuously tackling with the issue of gender equality.Keywords: American literature; feminist studies; Indonesian context; intervention; (post)colonialismKarena pengetahuan sering sesuai dengan situasi, pengetahuan dapat digunakan sebagai strategi. Spivak (1993) menekankan bahwa ruang kelas dapat dikondisikan sebagai medium intervensi. Di ruang kelas, sebuah kasus, teori, atau konsep diajukan, dan siswa didorong untuk melakukan intervensi. Dalam konteks mesin pengajaran yang dikonsepkan oleh Spivak, selalu bergerak keluar (tidak mainstream) merupakan hal yang sangat strategis untuk dilakukan. Untuk dapat melakukan ini, seseorang harus benar-benar memahami, menginvestasikan, dan mengkritik pengetahuan yang ada. Atas dasar pemikiran ini, artikel ini mencoba untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana membaca karya sastra dapat membantu orang Indonesia menegosiasikan identitas mereka melalui bahasa, generasi, dan budaya. Hingga pada akhirnya, akan terlihat kritik terhadap politik identitas dan budaya. Artikel ini berargumentasi bahwa membaca novel A Mercy karya Toni Morrison dapat memberikan perspektif tentang relevansi pengajaran sastra Amerika dalam konteks Indonesia. Teori Tzvetan Todorov (1982) tentang penaklukan yang lain membantu analisis isu kolonial novel tersebut, sementara penaklukan Amerika oleh tokoh perempuan dalam novel tersebut akan dibahas dalam kerangka studi feminis. Intervensi dalam kasus ini dilakukan untuk mempertanyakan apa yang dapat tercermin pada isu-isu tersebut bagi siswa di Indonesia yang negaranya mengalami kolonialisme dan terus-menerus menangani masalah kesetaraan jender.Kata kunci: kesusastraan Amerika; kajian feminis; konteks Indonesia;intervensi; (pos)kolonialisme  
Analysis of Free Indirect Discourse Narratives in the Works of Austen, Joyce, and Kingston Manggong, Lestari
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 17, No 1 (2017): April
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (210.006 KB) | DOI: 10.24071/joll.v17i1.580

Abstract

Language, with the complexity of its structure, can be problematic in terms of interpreting works of literature. This essay discusses the problems perceived in the process of interpretation of free indirect discourse narratives in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice and Emma, James Joyce’s A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man and The Dead, and Maxine Hong Kingston’s Tripmaster Monkey. Narratives with free indirect discourse opens up possibility of misinterpretation caused by the misconception of whose point of view the story is told. By looking at the works within the concept of narratology by Chatman (1978) and Prince (2003), such narratives—which apply the viewpoint of omniscient narrators—cause ambiguity to the voice of external and internal focalisers. This is due to the fact that the use of such narratives blends the two types of focalisations. The findings of this research lead to an argument that through external focalisation, the view becomes objective. Yet through internal focalisation, the view tends to become subjective as it is infiltrated by the character’s view. Such an argument then gives way to a conclusion that narratives with free indirect discourse gives effect to irony in the story-telling process of the works discussed. Keywords: free indirect discourse, narratology, focalisation
Workshop Menulis Fiksi Autobiografis Dalam Skema Autobiografi Poskolonial Untuk Guru Sekolah Al-Irsyad Satya Islamic School Bandung Manggong, Lestari; Adipurwawidjana, Ari Jogaiswara; Maulana, Sandya
JATI EMAS (Jurnal Aplikasi Teknik dan Pengabdian Masyarakat) Vol 2 No 2 (2018): JATI EMAS (Jurnal Aplikasi Teknik dan Pengabdian Masyarakat)
Publisher : Dewan Pimpinan Daerah (DPD) Forum Dosen Indonesia JATIM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (559.507 KB) | DOI: 10.36339/je.v2i2.146

Abstract

As an international school which is an affiliation of Al-Irsyad Singapore, the curriculum applied at Al-IrsyadSatya Islamic School, Kotabaru Parahyangan, Bandung is Cambridge and national curriculae. Thus, the language usedin the classroom and in school area is English. The combination of the two curriculae causes two cultures (English andIndonesian) to meet.The teaching-learning activities conducted by teachers who were participants of the workshop isbasically the area where the two cultures meet. It is within this frame that postcolonial context becomes necessary as anapproach lens of the writing activity conducted in the workshop within the scheme of Community Engagement. Thisarticle describes the workshop on writing autogiobraphical fiction in the scheme of postcolonial autobiography forteachers of the English Department, Al-Irsyad Satya Islamic School, Kotabaru Parahyangan, Bandung. The participantswere teachers whose daily responsibilities are related to teaching-learning activities in English. This workshop is projectedto assist teachers in having consciousness both within themselves and their surroundings, and also the ability to identifytheir positions in the global world. The main activity of this workshop is writing fiction whose materials related topersonal experiences
POSTCOLONIAL ECOCRITICISM IN HUNGER BY ELISE BLACKWELL Manggong, Lestari
International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) Vol 3, No 2 (2020): March 2020
Publisher : Sanata Dharma University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (418.608 KB) | DOI: 10.24071/ijhs.v3i2.2184

Abstract

Hunger, a novella by a contemporary American novelist, Elise Blackwell, centres in the story of a Russian botanist, Nikolai Vavilov, during the Leningrad siege in 1941. Vavilov protects his collection of seeds at the Research Institute of Plant Industry in Leningrad against all odds, to be preserved for research for future use. In the recounting moments during the siege, the narrative provides parallelism between Leningrad and the ancient city of Babylon. In postcolonial writing, this can be perceived as a form of nostalgic projection of the past (Walder, 2011). Such a parallelism triggers a postcolonial narrative analysis on the pairing of the two as affinity, focusing on the significance of the comparison between the two cities (between the apocalyptic present and the glorious past). The contribution of this parallelism will be discussed to understand the novella as a narrative mode of ecocriticism, with regards to the idea of prioritizing seeds over human lives, which also acts as the steering issue stirring the plot. By mainly referring to Garrard (2004) and Huggan and Tiffin (2010) on ecocriticism and postcolonial ecocriticism, this essay in general aims to investigate how the novella contributes new perspectives on the intertwining between postcolonial studies and ecocriticism.
MONKEY SEE, MONKEY DO OTHERWISE: INTERPOLATION IN MAXINE HONG KINGSTON’S TRIPMASTER MONKEY: HIS FAKE BOOK Manggong, Lestari
Diglossia: Jurnal Kajian Ilmiah Kebahasaan dan Kesusastraan Vol 11, No 2 (2020): Diglossia
Publisher : Unipdu Jombang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (627.773 KB) | DOI: 10.26594/diglossia.v11i1.1816

Abstract

A descendant of Chinese immigrant living in San Francisco, Wittman Ah Sing?the main character in Tripmaster Monkey, the personification of a simian figure Sun Wu-k?ung from the classic  tale The Journey to the West?represents the idea of a ?melting pot? gone burst. With two cultures (Chinese and American) bubbling in his veins, Wittman is chameleon-like in terms of projecting his image. Just like Sun Wu-k?ung, Wittman interposes, intervenes, and interjects a wide range of counter-discursive tactics into the dominant discourse. This essay argues that Wittman fits into the category of what postcolonial theory calls ?interpellated subject? (Althusser, 1970). As such, Wittman, in his reactions, interpolates (Ashcroft, 2001) or writes back the various modes of hegemonic discourse, to counter its effects by transforming them. This essay thus tackles with the problematization of Wittman?s hybridity, ranging from what this quality contributes to the narrative structure of the novel to the way it affects the complexity of how Wittman sees things. Throughout his journey in the West, Wittman only expects to see what he wants to see, the way he would like to see it. In addition, he sees things as metaphors, which is an indication of an effect of having two (or more) cultures and ideologies on each lens of his spectacles. As a result, unlike the monkey in children?s mimic game Monkey See Monkey Do, Wittman the tripmaster monkey in this instance, suffers from an inability to mimic what he sees accordingly.